智囊全集6‍—— 冯梦龙‍‍‍‍‍‍Complete Collection of Think Tanks‍‍‍‍‍‍—— Feng Menglong ‍‍‍‍‍‍翻译：躍龍

躍龍

6. 胡世宁 Hu Shining

【原文】　少保胡世宁，仁和人。为左都御史，掌院事。时当考察，执政请禁私谒，公言：“臣官以察为名，人非接其貌、听其言，无以察其心之邪正、才之短长。

【白话文】少保胡世宁，是仁和人。他担任左都御史，掌管都察院事务。当时正值官员考核期间，执政大臣请求禁止私下拜访。胡世宁说：“我的官职以‘考察’为名，如果不亲眼见到他们的样子、亲耳听到他们的言论，就无法了解他们内心的善恶和才能的高低。

Hu Shining, the Junior Guardian, was a native of Renhe. He served as the Left Censor-in-Chief, in charge of the Censorate. At that time, it was the period for evaluating officials, and the ministers in power requested a ban on private visits. Hu Shining said, “My official position is ostensibly for ‘evaluation.’ If I don’t see them with my own eyes and hear their words with my own ears, I cannot understand their inner goodness or evil, or their abilities.

　　【原文】若屏绝士夫，徒按考语，则毁誉失真，而求激扬之，难当矣。”上是其言，不禁。

【白话文】“如果拒绝与士大夫们接触，只依据书面考核评语，那么诋毁和赞誉都会失真，想要做到激浊扬清、公正评价，就很难恰当了。”皇帝赞同他的话，没有禁止私下拜访。

“If we refuse to contact the scholar-officials and rely solely on written evaluations, then both praise and criticism will be distorted, making it difficult to achieve a fair and just assessment.” The emperor agreed with him and did not prohibit private visits.

　　【原文】公孙弘曲学阿世，然犹能开东阁以招贤人。今世密于防奸而疏于求贤，故临事遂有乏才之叹。

【白话文】“公孙弘歪曲学问、迎合世俗，然而他尚且能够开设东阁来招纳贤人。如今的社会在防范奸邪上很严密，却在寻求贤才上很疏忽，所以一旦遇到事情，就会发出缺乏人才的感叹。”

"Gongsun Hong distorts scholarship and panders to popular tastes, yet he is still able to open the East Pavilion to recruit virtuous people. Today's society is very strict in guarding against evil, but very negligent in seeking out virtuous talents, so when problems arise, people lament the lack of talent."

　　﹝梦龙评﹞公孙弘（汉·薛人，武帝初年为博士，累官到丞相，封平津侯，开设“东阁”，聘请学者，自己薪俸的收入都发给宾客。个性外表宽厚，内在深沉，表面善良，内心险恶，曾杀忠臣主父偃，流放董仲舒）从事邪曲不正的学术，又善于谄媚世人，然而还能开设东阁，招请贤人。当今之世，对防范奸人做得很精密，但对招揽贤人却做得很疏忽，所以一旦发生事情，就有缺乏人才的感慨。

　　[Menglong's Commentary] Gongsun Hong (a native of Xue during the Han Dynasty, who served as a scholar in the early years of Emperor Wu's reign, rose through the ranks to become Chancellor, was enfeoffed as Marquis of Pingjin, established the "Eastern Pavilion," and hired scholars, distributing his own salary to his guests. He appeared kind and generous on the outside, but was inwardly cunning and treacherous; he once killed the loyal minister Zhu Fu Yan and exiled Dong Zhongshu) engaged in wicked and unorthodox scholarship and was adept at flattering the world, yet he still managed to establish the Eastern Pavilion and recruit virtuous men. In today's world, we are very meticulous in guarding against treacherous people, but negligent in recruiting virtuous men, so when trouble arises, there is a lament about the lack of talent.

　　　冯梦龙（1574年—1646年），字犹龙，又字耳犹、子犹，号龙子犹、墨憨斋主人、姑苏词奴，苏州府长洲县人，明代士大夫、文学家、戏曲作家、民间文艺学家、通俗文学家和编辑家。冯梦龙才华横溢，博学多识，科举考试屡次落第，倾力编著小说、戏曲与歌曲集，晚年补贡生，曾出任福建寿宁县知县，明亡后忧愤而卒。冯梦龙编撰白话短篇小说集《喻世明言》、《警世通言》及《醒世恒言》，合称《三言》，改写既有故事和传说，题材广泛，风行一时，著名作品有《蒋兴哥重会珍珠衫》和《杜十娘怒沉百宝箱》等，启发了凌濛初撰写小说集《二拍》，把短篇小说在中国文学史上的地位推至高峰；长篇小说方面，他编写了《新列国志》和《平妖传》；戏曲方面，他创作了传奇《双雄记》，并编定多种剧目，如改写汤显祖《牡丹亭》为《风流梦》。冯梦龙又编纂《山歌》，记录明代苏州吴语歌谣，保存民间文学功不可没。