【常山风景】第六届全国赏石日（拾捌）【化石科普厅*生物大爆发】

浅草幽幽*传媒

赫德虾类奇虾头壳化石

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赫德虾类奇虾头壳化石

中文名： 赫德虾类奇虾头壳化石

Latin Name：Tauricornicaris latizonae

规格： 13.5cm×12.5cm×3.5cm

Size: 13.5cm×12.5cm×3.5cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era: Early Cambrian (530 Million years BP)

生物群：澄江生物群

Biota: Chengjiang Biota

产地：云南省澄江县

Fossil locality: Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province

详细描述

这是最新发现的一种赫德虾类奇虾标本，拉丁文名为Tauricornicaris latizonae，中文名暂时还未确定。中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所在英国《系统古生物学》（Journal of Systematic Palaeontology）上报道了赫德虾类奇虾在澄江生物群中的首次发现。

It is reported that it is the specimen of a newly discovered Tauricornicaris latizonae, whose scientific name in Latin is Tauricornicaris latizonae. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academic of Sciences has ever reported the first finding about Tauricornicaris latizonae within the biogroup in Chengjiang inJournal of Systematic Palaeontology in England.

这方澄江生物群的赫德虾类奇虾头壳，外形、壳体分层和微观构造清晰完整，头壳较大，此方赫德虾类头壳化石具有绝大多数赫德虾类的共同特征-乳头状瘤点，位于头部的三分头壳复合体。该头壳复合体由一块位于背部的中板和位于两侧的一对侧板铰合而成，其中，中板两侧对称，侧板自身不对称。

The appearance and capsid of this head capsule of Tauricornicaris latizonae in the biogroup in Chengjiang is delaminated, and its microstructure is clear and complete as well as its capsid is relatively big. This head capsule fossil of Tauricornicaris has the common characteristic of Papilloma point like most Tauricornicaris, at the same time, this point is located in the trichotomous head capsule complex in the head. This head capsule complex is hinged a median plate located in the dorsum and a pair of arthropleures located in two sides of its body. Among these features, the two sides of the median plate is symmetrical while the arthropleures themselves is not symmetrical.

根据这方赫德虾类奇虾化石的外形特征及埋藏环境，我们可以大胆推测这种赫德虾类奇虾头壳的分层构造和生理功能可能与一些现生甲壳类的头胸部外壳类似。奇虾动物庞大的身躯和强壮的大抓肢暗示，它可能是寒武纪海洋生态系统中位于食物链最顶端的类群。

According to the appearance features and the buried environment of the fossil of Tauricornicaris latizonae, we can boldly speculate that the hierarchical construction and physiological function of the head capsule of this Tauricornicaris latizonae may be similar to that of the cephalothorax shell of some existing Crustacea animals. It is indicated its huge body and strong big claws that Anomalocarida animals might be the group at the top of the food chain in the Cambrian Marine Ecosystem.

我国云南距今5.2亿年前的寒武纪澄江生物群中已发现至少四种已确定的奇虾类化石，其中三种（帚状奇虾、双肢抱怪虫和带刺有爪里拉琴虫）均有保存完整个体标本的发现，属于狭义的奇虾类。虽然赫德虾类全球性分布，但澄江生物群中赫德虾类奇虾还是首次发现。与以奇虾属为代表的、传统意义上的狭义奇虾类相比，赫德虾类奇虾是近年发现的另一大类奇虾。澄江生物群中赫德虾类奇虾的首次发现， 对了解寒武纪大爆发早期食物链结构和海洋生态系统的特征具有重要意义。这方赫德虾类奇虾头壳化石因而显得较为珍贵。

At least four types of established Anomalocarida fossils have been found in the biogroup in Chengjiang, Yunnan, China, in Cambrian Period 520 million years before present, among which three kinds (Anomalocaris Saron, Amplectobulua Symbrachiaciata and the Spinous Clawed Lyre Insect) are found that completely-saved units exist. They belong to Anomalocarida in a narrow sense. Although Tauricornicaris is distributed around the world, Tauricornicaris latizonae in the biogroup in Chengjiang is firstly found. Compared with the traditional Anomalocarida in a narrow sense represented by Anomalocarida Genus, Tauricornicaris latizonae is another kind of Anomalocarida that found in recent years. The first finding of Tauricornicaris latizonae in the biogroup in Chengjiang makes great difference to understanding the food chain structure in early Cambrian Explosion and the features of marine ecosystem. From this aspect, the Head Capsule Fossil of Tauricornicaris latizonae seems to be more precious.

双肢抱怪虫

双肢抱怪虫

中文名：双肢抱怪虫

Latin name: Amplectobelua symbrachiata

规格： 16cm×11.3cm×2.8cm

Size: 16cm×11.3cm×2.8cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era: The Early Cambrian Period (530 million years BP)

生物群：澄江生物群

Biota: Chengjiang Biota

产地：云南省澄江县

Fossil locality: Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province

详细描述

双肢抱怪虫是奇虾类一种，奇虾类是一种于中国、美国、加拿大、波兰及澳大利亚的寒武纪沉积岩均有发现的古生物。它是已知最庞大的寒武纪动物。根据推测，此类动物极有可能是活跃的肉食性动物。

Amplectobelua symbrachiata is a kind of anomalocaridid, which is a kind of ancient organism that is found in the Cambrian sedimentary rock in China, the United States, Canada, Poland and Australia. It is the largest Cambrian animal that has been known. It is conjectured that this kind of animal probably is a kind of active carnivore.

这块标本为此类奇虾前附肢，外形、壳体分层保存完整，特征较为清晰，可以明显看到双肢抱怪虫的爪子最具特征的部分即基部的长刺，奇虾前附肢主要用于捕食猎物。

This piece of fossil is the front age of this kind of anomalocaridid. The shape and shell are completely layered preserved, and the features are comparatively clear. The spinulation, the most characteristic part of the amplectobelua symbrachiata’s claw could be seen clearly. The front age of this kind of anomalocaridid is used for hunting.

根据这方双肢抱怪虫化石的外形特征及埋藏环境，我们可以大胆推测这种双肢抱怪虫的庞大身躯和强壮的大抓肢，推特出它在寒武纪海洋中高超的捕食能力。

Accordingto the external feature and the burial environment of this piece of amplectobelua symbrachiata fossil, we can speculate the large body and strong big hunting limb of this kind of amplectobelua symbrachiata, and that it had excellent hunting capacity in the Cambrian ocean.

我国云南距今5.2亿年前的寒武纪澄江生物群中已发现至少四种已确定的奇虾类化石，主要包括帚状奇虾、双肢抱怪虫和带刺有爪里拉琴虫，以上三种奇虾类化石均有保存完整个体标本的发现。澄江生物群中奇虾类化石的发现， 对了解寒武纪大爆发早期食物链结构和海洋生态系统的特征具有重要意义。

At least four kinds of anomalocaridid fossil that have been made sure are found in the Chengjiang biota of the Cambrian period, 520 million years BP, in Yunnan Province, which mainly include anomalocaris saron, amplectobelua symbrachiata and lyrarapax unguispinous. The completely preserved individual specimens of the three kinds of anomalocaridid have been found. The discovery of anomalocaridid fossil in Chengjiang biota is significant to understanding the early food chain in the Cambrian explosion and the characteristics of marine ecosystem.

中华吐卓虫2

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中华吐卓虫2

学名：中华吐卓虫 Tuzoia sinensis

Scientific Name: 中华吐卓虫 (Tuzoia sinensis)

规格： 18cm×16cm×3cm

Size:18cm×16cm×3cm

生存年代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Existing Period: The Early Cambrian Period (530 million years BP)

化石群：关山生物群化石

Fossil Coenosis: Mount Guan Biota Fossil

生存地点：云南省

Existing Place: Yunnan Province

详细描述

吐卓虫(Tuzoia)为一类广泛分布于全球寒武系的大型双瓣壳节肢动物。

Tuzoia is a large arthropod with a shell consisting of two vavles which widespread around global Cambrian system.

这方中华吐卓虫化石风化较为严重，但特征较为明显，产出层位：寒武纪早期的乌龙箐组（原沧浪铺组乌龙箐段），化石特征：壳体较大，壳瓣侧视呈半椭圆形，长、高之比为1∶0.6。铰合线较直，前背角较大，近于90°，后背角略小。腹边缘具11~15个三角形的边缘刺，背缘具6~7个三角形的背刺。前、后铰突呈短小的三角形。壳侧中部具一条平行背边缘的侧脊，微向下弯，脊上具锯齿状的刺。壳面具不规则排列的多边形的网状纹饰，网眼在侧脊及铰合线附近明显变小。

这方中华吐卓虫化石属于关山生物群。关山生物群是中国继澄江动物群和凯里动物群之后又一个大量保存软躯体特异化石的寒武纪重要的布尔吉斯页岩型生物群。最新的化石发掘和研究表明，关山生物群共有60余种化石，归属10个大类；其中叶足类、类水母化石、具撑肢的软舌螺类和绿藻等属于首次报道。软躯体化石，尤其是壳体化石，如三叶虫和腕足动物中大量软体的保存，使得关山生物群成为探讨寒武纪大爆发期间动物演化和特异保存的另一个重要窗口。

ThisTuzoia sinensis fossil belongs to Mount Guan biota. Since the discovery of Chengjiang fauna and Kaili fauna, Mount Guan biota is another essential Burgess Shale Biota in Cambrian period which has a large number of soft bodied peculiar fossils are preserved. According to the latest fossil excavation and researches, Mount Guan biota has over 60 varieties of fossils which belong to 10 categories; Phyllopoda, Medusoid fossils, Hyolitha with supporting limbs and Cholorophyta are first reported in this biota. Soft-bodied fossils, shell fossils, in particular, such as the large soft portion preservation of trilobite and brachiopods make Mount Guan bio-group become another important to discuss animal evolution and exceptional preservation in Cambrian Explosion period.

从地层上来说，关山动物群的层位在澄江动物群之上，均属寒武纪早期。关山动物群与我国的梅树村动物群、澄江动物群、马龙动物群、凯里动物群这些寒武纪早期的生物群的代表,为追溯早期的生命进化提供了证据。

In terms of strata,the layer of Mount Guan fauna is above that of Chengjiang fauna, both all belong to the Early Cambrian period. As representatives of biota in the Early Cambrian period, Mount Guan fauna, Meishucun fauna, Chengjiang fauna, Malong fauna andKaili faunain China have provided evidences for us to trace life evolution in the early period.

岗头村古虫

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岗头村古虫

中文名：岗头村古虫

Latin name: Vetulicola gangtoucunensis

规格：11cm×9cm×3cm

Size: 11cm×9cm×3cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era: Early Cambrian Period (530 million years BP)

生物群：关山生物群

Biota: Mount Guan Fossil Coenosis

产地：云南省

Fossil locality: Yunnan Province

详细描述

约距今5.3亿年前的寒武纪早期，岗头村古虫的遗体被深埋地层，经过亿万年矿物质的填充和交替作用，才形成今天我们看到的这块仅保持原来形状、结构的矿化古虫生物遗体印模。

In the Early Cambrian Period for about 530 million years ago, the remains ofVetulicola gangtoucunensis were buried deeply. Only after trillion years of authigenic mineralization and replacement, those remains have become mineralized Vetulicola biota moulage.

这方岗头村古虫化石属于关山生物群。关山生物群是中国继澄江动物群和凯里动物群之后又一个大量保存软躯体特异化石的寒武纪重要的布尔吉斯页岩型生物群。最新的化石发掘和研究表明，关山生物群共有60余种化石，归属10个大类；其中叶足类、类水母化石、具撑肢的软舌螺类和绿藻等属于首次报道。软躯体化石，尤其是壳体化石，如三叶虫和腕足动物中大量软体的保存，使得关山生物群成为探讨寒武纪大爆发期间动物演化和特异保存的另一个重要窗口。

ThisVetulicola gangtoucunensis belongs to Mount Guan bio-group. Since the discovery of Chengjiang fauna and Kaili fauna, Mount Guan biota is another essential Burgess Shale Biota in Cambrian period a amount of soft bodied peculiar fossils are preserved. According to the latest fossil excavation and research, Mount Guan bio-group has over 60 varieties of fossils which belong to 10 categories; Phyllopoda, Medusoid fossils, Hyolitha with supporting limbs and Cholorophyta are first reported in this bio-group.Soft-bodied fossils, shellfossils in particular, such as the large soft portion preservation of trilobite and brachiopods make Mount Guan bio-group become another important to discuss animal evolution and exceptional preservation in Cambrian Explosion period.

从地层上来说，关山动物群的层位在澄江动物群之上，均属寒武纪早期。关山动物群与我国的梅树村动物群、澄江动物群、马龙动物群、凯里动物群这些寒武纪早期的生物群的代表,为追溯早期的生命进化提供了证据。

In terms of strata,the layer of Mount Guan fauna is above that of Chengjiang fauna, all belong to the Early Cambrian. As represents of bio-groups in Early Cambrian, Mount Guan fauna, China’s Meishucun fauna, Chengjiang fauna, Malong fauna andKaili faunahave provided evidence for us to trace life evolution in early period.

这方岗头村古虫化石，产出层位：寒武纪早期的乌龙箐组（原沧浪铺组乌龙箐段），化石特征：躯体较大，体长可达10多厘米。由前体和后体两部分组成。前体闭合，次方形，前缘直，微内弯。背边缘较直，后端向上伸出一三角形的刺状物（鳍），腹边缘微向下拱曲，具宽平的边缘，后缘圆润。前体中部具5对鳃囊，鳃丝粗密，鳃裂明显。后体宽大，呈椭圆形至长椭圆形，分为7节。有的标本上可见肠管保存，肠管被泥质物充填，呈管状突起，肛门位于后体的末端。

Occurrence position of this Vetulicola gangtoucunensis: Wulongjing Group in Early Cambrian (the original Canglang Group, Wulongjing Member).

Fossil Character: Large body, body length is up to over 10cm. It consists of the fore-body and afterbody. The fore body is closed, square shaped, straight anterior margin, slight incurve. The back margin is relatively straight, a spinulose material (fin) projects up the end of back, the abdomen margin bends slightly with a wide flat, and the posterior margin is round and full. In the middle of fore body, it has five pairs of gill pouches, fill filaments are thick and gill slit is obvious to see. The afterbody is wide and large, shapes oval to oblong, separated in seven ts. Intestinal canals are visible on some fossils. The intestinal canals fill with argillaceous content, bulge as a tubular form. The anal orifice is at the end of afterbody.

中华吐卓虫

中华吐卓虫

中文名：中华吐卓虫

Latin Name: Tuzoia sinensis

规格：18cm×15cm×5cm

Size: 18cm×15cm×5cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Existing Period: The Early Cambrian Period (530 million years BP)

生物群：关山生物群化石

Biota: Mount Guan Biota Fossil

产地：云南省

Fossil locality: Yunnan Province

详细描述

吐卓虫(Tuzoia)为一类广泛分布于全球寒武系的大型双瓣壳节肢动物。

Tuzoia is a large arthropod with a shell consisting of two vavles which widespread around global Cambrian system.

这方中华吐卓虫化石属于关山生物群。关山生物群是中国继澄江动物群和凯里动物群之后又一个大量保存软躯体特异化石的寒武纪重要的布尔吉斯页岩型生物群。最新的化石发掘和研究表明，关山生物群共有60余种化石，归属10个大类；其中叶足类、类水母化石、具撑肢的软舌螺类和绿藻等属于首次报道。软躯体化石，尤其是壳体化石，如三叶虫和腕足动物中大量软体的保存，使得关山生物群成为探讨寒武纪大爆发期间动物演化和特异保存的另一个重要窗口。

ThisTuzoia sinensis fossil belongs to Mount Guan biota. Since the discovery of Chengjiang fauna and Kaili fauna, Mount Guan biota is another essential Burgess Shale Biota in Cambrian period which has a large number of soft bodied peculiar fossils are preserved. According to the latest fossil excavation and researches, Mount Guan biota has over 60 varieties of fossils which belong to 10 categories; Phyllopoda, Medusoid fossils, Hyolitha with supporting limbs and Cholorophyta are first reported in this biota. Soft-bodied fossils, shell fossils, in particular, such as the large soft portion preservation of trilobite and brachiopods make Mount Guan bio-group become another important to discuss animal evolution and exceptional preservation in Cambrian Explosion period.

从地层上来说，关山动物群的层位在澄江动物群之上，均属寒武纪早期。关山动物群与我国的梅树村动物群、澄江动物群、马龙动物群、凯里动物群这些寒武纪早期的生物群的代表,为追溯早期的生命进化提供了证据。

In terms of strata,the layer of Mount Guan fauna is above that of Chengjiang fauna, both all belong to the Early Cambrian period. As representatives of biota in the Early Cambrian period, Mount Guan fauna, Meishucun fauna, Chengjiang fauna, Malong fauna andKaili faunain China have provided evidences for us to trace life evolution in the early period.

此方中华吐卓虫属于关山生物群化石，产出层位：寒武纪早期的乌龙箐组（原沧浪铺组乌龙箐段），化石特征：壳体较大，壳瓣侧视呈半椭圆形，长、高之比为1∶0.6。铰合线较直，前背角较大，近于90°，后背角略小。腹边缘具11~15个三角形的边缘刺，背缘具6~7个三角形的背刺。前、后铰突呈短小的三角形。壳侧中部具一条平行背边缘的侧脊，微向下弯，脊上具锯齿状的刺。壳面具不规则排列的多边形的网状纹饰，网眼在侧脊及铰合线附近明显变小。

ThisTuzoia sinensis belong to Mount Guan biota fossils.

The occurrence horizon of the fossil: Wulongjing Group in Early Cambrian period (the original Canglangpu Group, Wulongjing Member).

Fossil Feature:The shell is large, and valves are semi-elliptical side-looking. The ratio of length to height is 1 to 0.6. The hinge line is relatively straight, antero-dorsal angle is large, which is close to 90°, and postero-dorsal angle is a little smaller. The abdomen edge has 11 to 15 triangle-shaped marginal thorns, and the back edge has 6 to 7 triangle-shaped dorsal thorns. The anterior and posterior hinge is in a small and short triangular shape. The central part of the side of the shell is a lateral ridge that parallel the back edge, slightly bent, and has jagged thrones on the spine. The polygonal reticulate ornamentation is random arranged on the surface of shell, the mesh is significantly smaller around the lateral ridge and the hinge line.

真形星口水母钵

真形星口水母钵

中文名：真形星口水母钵

Latin name: Stellostomites eumorphus

规格： 15cm×14cm×3.5cm

Size: 15cm×14cm×3.5cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era: Early Cambrian(530 million years B.P)

生物群：澄江生物群

Biota: Chengjiang Biota

产地：云南省澄江县

Fossil locality: Chengjiang Country, Yunnan Province

详细描述

此方真形星口水母钵化石发现于云南省澄江帽天山页岩，属于腔肠动物。

The quadrate Stellostomites eumorphus is found in the shale of Mt.Maotianshan in Chengjiang Yunnan, is a kind of coelenterate.

此方真形星口水母钵化石属于澄江动物群，伞状身体，在伞体下方具一大型马蹄状触手冠，口位于触手冠内，肛门位于触手冠外但距触手冠很近，触手具管状的腔，这一管状的腔为中体腔的分支构造，触手冠位于伞体的偏心位置在水流的作用下伞体产生旋转，使触手与周围水体进行充分的接触，有利于滤食活动。

Belonging to Chengjiang fauna, the quadrate Stellostomites eumorphus has a umbrella-shaped body, under which is a large horseshoe-shaped lophophore,with mouth inside of it and anus outside but close to it. The tentacle presents as a tubulate lumen, being a splayed structure of mesocoel. The lophophore, located in the eccentric position, will begin to rotate with the flow of water, making the tentacle fully exposed to the water around to facilitate filter-feeding.

这方真形星口水母钵化石属于澄江生物群。澄江生物群是举世罕见、保存完善、研究地球早期生命演化的动物化石宝库，被国际古生物学界誉为“二十世纪最惊人的科学发现之一”，澄江也被誉称为“世界古生物圣地”。

The quadrate Stellostomites eumorphus belongs to Chengjiang fauna.As a fauna fossil treasure that is both rare and well-preserved, the Chengjiang biota, a showcase of the evolution of early life in earth, is hailed as one of the most amazing scientific discovery of the twentieth century, and Chengjiang is also regarded as a shrine of the world paleobionts.

耳状等刺虫

耳状等刺虫

中文名： 耳状等刺虫

Latin name：Isoxys auritus Jiang

规格： 17cm×9cm×5cm

Size: 17cm×9cm×5cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era: Early Cambrian(530 million years B.P)

生物群：澄江生物群

Biota: Chengjiang Biota

产地：云南省澄江县

Fossil locality: Chengjiang Country, Yunnan Province

详细描述

此方耳状等刺虫化石产出层云南澄江寒武纪玉案山组帽天山页岩段。

The quadrate Isoxys auritus Jiang fossil is found in the shale segment of Mt.Maotianshan of Yuanshan Formation of Cambrian in Chengjiang Yunnan.

等刺虫是澄江动物群常见双瓣壳节肢动物，它在世界各地的浅海广泛分布。有学者认为等刺虫类由于出色的游泳本领，可以跨过大陆与大陆之间的大洋，在靠近大陆的浅海进行生活，所以世界各地的寒武纪地层都有等刺虫的化石记录。

Being a common bivalved arthropod in Chengjiang fauna, Isoxys is usually found in the shallow sea worldwide. According to scholars study, the outstanding swimming skill enables isoxys to cross the ocean between two continents, and manage to live in the shallow sea that is close to the continent. As a result, the isoxys fossil record can be found in the Cambrian stratum around the world.

这方耳状等刺虫化石属于澄江生物群，形态虽然不够完整，但较好的保存了耳形等刺虫壳体表面具有网状纹饰。

The quadrate isoxys auritus Jiang fossil belongs to the Chengjiang fauna, not intact tough, the reticulate surface ornament of isoxys auritus Jinag is relatively preserved well.

澄江生物群是举世罕见、保存完善、研究地球早期生命演化的动物化石宝库，被国际古生物学界誉为“二十世纪最惊人的科学发现之一”，澄江也被誉称为“世界古生物圣地”。

As a fauna fossil treasure that is both rare and well-preserved, the Chengjiang biota, a showcase of the evolution of early life in earth, is hailed as one of the most amazing scientific discovery of the twentieth century, and Chengjiang is also regarded as a shrine of the world paleobionts.

具刺广卫虾2

具刺广卫虾2

学名：具刺广卫虾 Guangweicaris spinatus

Scientific Name: Guangweicaris spinatus

规格： 14cm×11cm×3cm

Size: 14cm×11cm×3cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era: Early Cambrian Period (530 million years BP)

生物群：关山生物群

Biota: Mount Guan Fossil Coenosis

产地：云南省

Fossil locality: Yunnan Province

详细描述

具刺广卫虾属于关山生物群化石，产出层位：寒武纪早期的乌龙箐组（原沧浪铺组乌龙箐段），化石特征：广卫虾是一类奇特的节肢动物，主要发现于昆明附近，在武定和宜良地区也有少量发现。其外形与澄江生物群的抚仙湖虫较为相似。

ThisGuangweicaris spinatus belongs to Mount Guan biota fossil.

The occurrence horizon of the fossil: Wulongjing Group in Early Cambrian period (the original Canglangpu Group, Wulongjing Member).

Fossil Feature:TheGuangweicaris spinatus is an amazing group of anthropod. It is mostly found around Kunming, and is also found in small amounts in Wuding and Yiliang Country, Yunnan Province. The shape ofGuangweicaris spinatus is similar withtheFuxianhuia protensa of Chengjiang biota.

具刺广卫虾躯体从前向后分为头部、胸部、腹部、尾四个部分。最前端为椭圆形的头部，头部前端具一突出构造；胸部具8个胸节，由前向后变宽，最前端三节覆盖于头甲之下；腹部具7个腹节，每节背面具一向后延伸的刺状突起；尾扇位于第7个腹节之后，由3个尾叶组成。头甲半圆形，前有短柄状的眼和长鞭状触角。触角长，由至少23个触节所构成。胸节8个，最前端三个体节纵向较窄，无肋刺和中轴刺，覆盖于头甲下。第4至第8胸节较宽，具有中轴刺与强壮的肋刺。腹部由7个体节构成，成年个体中第1腹节的宽度仅为第8胸节的2/3，第6腹节后的体节纵向长度依次加长，宽度几乎不变，皆具强壮的中轴刺，但肋刺缺失，腹节侧视为矩形，腹节前边缘皆平直。第7腹节纵向长度加长明显，中轴上的刺较前面腹节上的刺长。尾部由3个尾叶组成，从最后一个腹节后伸出，尾叶边缘有细密的刚毛分布。

Thebody of theGuangweicaris spinatus divides into four parts front to back, including head, breast, abdomen and tail. An oval head is at the front of body, and protruding structure is at the front of head; The chest has eight thoracic segments and gradually expanding front to back. The three segments that are near head covering under the cephalic shield; The abdomen has seven ventral nodes. There is one spine on the back of each node that extending backward; The tail fan is behind the seventh ventral node, consisting of three caudal lobes. The cephalic shield is half-rounded with short-handled eyes ahead and whip-shaped tentacles. The tentacles are long, making up by at least 23 tentacled segments. It has eight thoracic segments which the first three somites are a little bit narrow in a vertical orientation without pleural or axle spines, covering under the cephalic shield. They are relatively wider the fourth to the eighth thoracic segments with pleural and axle spines. Seven somites compose the abdomen. The width of the first abdominal segment is just two third that of the eighth in adults, and the length of the somites behind the sixth abdominal becomes longer successively in a vertical orientation while the width is nearly invariable. Both of these abdominal segments have tough axle spines without pleural spines. The abdominal segments resembles a rectangle side looking, and the front edge of abdominal segments are flat and straight. The seventh abdominal segment is significantly lengthened that the others in a vertical orientation. The length spines on central axis is longer than those ahead. The tail is consist of three caudal lobes. The last caudal lobes is out-stretched, and has fine and thick bristles on the edge of caudal lobes.

这方具刺广卫虾化石属于关山生物群。关山生物群是中国继澄江动物群和凯里动物群之后又一个大量保存软躯体特异化石的寒武纪重要的布尔吉斯页岩型生物群。这方具刺广卫虾化石保存完美，兼具有真节肢动物和原节肢动物的特征，让我们对早期节肢动物的演化模式有了更清晰、直观和深入的了解。

ThisGuangweicaris spinatus belongs to Mount Guan biota fossil. Since the discovery of Chengjiang fauna and Kaili fauna, Mount Guan biotahas been another essential Burgess Shale Biota in Cambrian period whichpreserves numerous soft bodied peculiar fossils. ThisGuangweicaris spinatus fossil is well-preserved and has both the features of “ Euarthropoda”(true arthropods) and "Panarthropoda" (all the arthropods), making us to have clearer, more visible and deeper understanding to the evolution model of early arthropod in Cambrian period.

迷人林乔利虫

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迷人林乔利虫

中文名： 迷人林乔利虫

Chinese name: Mi ren lin qiao li chong

拉丁名 Leanchoilia illecebrosa

Latin name: Leanchoilia illecebrosa

规格： 8cm×3.5cm×2cm

Size: 8cm×3.5cm×2cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era: The Early Cambrian Period (530 million years BP)

生物群：澄江生物群

Biota: Chengjiang Biota

产地：云南省澄江县

Fossil locality: Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province

详细描述

迷人林乔利虫是一种奇特的海洋节肢动物，属于大附肢纲，已灭绝，主要生存于约5.2亿年前的寒武纪前期，又称“始虫”。它能够在海中游泳并在海底爬行，是一种四眼的节肢动物，

As a singular marine arthropods,the Leanchoilia illecebrosa fall into the category of Megacheira. This extinct animal mainly lived in the early Cambrian about 530 million years B.P, is also known as original insect. Being able to swim in the ocean and crawl at the bottom of the sea, it is a four-eyed arthropod.

迷人林乔利虫是澄江化石中常见的化石之一，体长约3-5厘米，呈筒锥状，前端圆，有像小鞭子一样的触手，形态十分怪异。迷人林乔利虫被认为是螯肢类的先驱。

As one of the most common fossil in Chengjiang, the cone-shaped body of the Leanchoilia illecebrosa is 3-5cm in height, with its front part being round, as well as a whip like tentacle,it has a singular shape. The Leanchoilia illecebrosa is also regarded as a pioneer of chelicera.

从这方化石上看迷人林乔利虫形态有点类似现代的虾。它由一个头甲、11个体节和1个尾组成。在头的前腹部有一对茎状复眼，之后是一对大附肢，大附肢之后是特征相似的双分支附肢。头具另外三对双分支腿肢，其特征类似身体部分的腿肢，但相对较小。迷人林乔利虫的发现，进一步填补了林乔利虫的演化发育链，也为古生态学等研究提供了新的材料。

The Leanchoilia illecebrosa is much more like today’s shrimp this fossil, including one helmet, eleven arthromeres and one tail. At the anterior abdominal lies a pair of styloid ommateum, behind which is a pair of large ages,behind which is a dual-branched age with similar characteristics. There are another three pairs of dual-branched legs located in the head part, with the same characteristics as body’s legs except relatively small. The found of the Leanchoilia illecebrosa is not only an important part of its evolution chain, but also a new material for the study of palaeoecology.

这方迷人林乔利虫的化石发现地是云南澄江县帽天山，属于澄江生物群。澄江生物群是迄今发现的分布最集中、保存最完整、种类最丰富的早寒武纪地球生命大爆发的化石遗迹，2012年，已被列入《世界遗产名录》。

This quadrate fossil of Leanchoilia illecebrosa was found in Maotianshan Mountain in Chengjiang Yunnan, is also a part of Chengjiang fauna. Asthe most concentrate distribution place, the Chengjiang fauna boasts the most well-preserved and the most diversified fossil remains in the early Cambrian of earth life explosion, being listed as a World Heritage in 2012.

龙宝山古虫

龙宝山古虫

中文名：龙宝山古虫

Latin Name：Vetulicola longbaoshanensis

规格： 5.6cm×12.8cm×3cm

Size: 5.6cm×12.8cm×3cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era：The Early Cambrian Period (530 million years BP)

生物群：关山生物群

Biota: Mount Guan Fossil Coenosis

产地：云南省

Fossil Locality: Yunnan Province

详细描述

这方龙宝山古虫化石属于关山生物群。关山生物群是中国继澄江动物群和凯里动物群之后又一个大量保存软躯体特异化石的寒武纪重要的布尔吉斯页岩型生物群。

This Vetulicola longbaoshanensisfossil belongs to Mount Guan biota. Since the discovery of Chengjiang fauna and Kaili fauna, Mount Guan biota is another essential Burgess Shale Biota in Cambrian period which has a large number of soft bodied peculiar fossils are preserved.

最新的化石发掘和研究表明，关山生物群共有60余种化石，归属10个大类；其中叶足类、类水母化石、具撑肢的软舌螺类和绿藻等属于首次报道。软躯体化石，尤其是壳体化石，如三叶虫和腕足动物中大量软体的保存，使得关山生物群成为探讨寒武纪大爆发期间动物演化和特异保存的另一个重要窗口。

According to the latest fossil excavation and researches, Mount Guan biota has over 60 varieties of fossils which belong to 10 categories; Phyllopoda, Medusoid fossils, Hyolitha with supporting limbs and Cholorophyta are first reported in this biota. Soft-bodied fossils, shell fossils, in particular, such as the large soft portion preservation of trilobite and brachiopods make Mount Guan bio-group become another important to discuss animal evolution and exceptional preservation in Cambrian Explosion period.

从地层上来说，关山动物群的层位在澄江动物群之上，均属寒武纪早期。关山动物群与我国的梅树村动物群、澄江动物群、马龙动物群、凯里动物群这些寒武纪早期的生物群的代表,共同为追溯早期的生命进化提供了证据。

In terms of strata,the layer of Mount Guan fauna is above that of Chengjiang fauna, both all belong to the Early Cambrian period. As representatives of biota in the Early Cambrian period, Mount Guan fauna, Meishucun fauna, Chengjiang fauna, Malong fauna andKaili fauna in China have provided evidences for us to trace life evolution in the early period.

这方龙宝山古虫化石属于关山生物群，产出层位：寒武纪早期的乌龙箐组（原沧浪铺组乌龙箐段），化石特征：躯体由前体和后体两部分组成。前体两侧对称，呈次长方形，前窄后宽，具5对鳃囊，隐约有分节。前缘直或微内弯，背边缘向上倾斜。背部具鳍，呈三角形，位于对应第3~4鳃囊间的横向位置处。腹边缘宽而平，向下拱曲，后边缘内凹。后体分7节，最后一节略长，其余各节长度近相等，4~7节较宽。肛门位于其末端。龙宝山古虫与岗头村古虫共生，其形态差别主要在于岗头村古虫个体较大（可达10cm以上），背缘较平，背鳍大而尖耸，高度可达躯体宽度的二分之一。

This Vetulicola longbaoshanensisfossil belongs to Mount Guan biota.

The occurrence horizon of the fossil: Wulongjing Group in Early Cambrian period (the original Canglangpu Group, Wulongjing Member).

FossilFeature: The body is consist of the precursor and posterior part. The precursor part is bilaterally symmetry, rectangle-shaped, narrow in the front and wide in the back, and has five pairs of gill pouches and segmentations which are faintly visible. The anterior edge is straight or slightly incurved. The back edge is upward-sloping. It has fins on the back in triangle shape which is grew in the horizontal position between the third and the fourth gill pouch. The abdomen edge is wide and flat with downward bending. The posterior edge is inside-concaved. The posterior part divides into seven segments. The last segment is a little longer than the others and the rest segments are approximately equal in length. The segments the fourth to the seventh are wider than the others. The anal orifice is at the end of the body.Vetulicola longbaoshanensis andVetulicola gangtoucunensis have a symbiosis relation. The major difference in shape is that theVetulicola gangtoucunensis(up to 10cm) is larger thanVetulicola longbaoshanensis, theback edge is flatter. It has bigger spiked dorsal fin which the height could achieve one half of body width.

动物界演化上较为重大的进步总是与其取食和呼吸这两大器官的改进和创新密切相关。从这方化石上看，龙宝山古虫已经出现了简单的鳃裂和内柱构造，实现了由巨口进水、咽腔分流、最后由鳃裂排水的单向水流以及由内柱传送食物颗粒的有效生理机制，从而完成了由“触手型取食”向“咽腔滤食”的革命性转变。

The major achievement inanimal evolution is always closely linked to the improvement of eating and breathing. From this fossil,Vetulicola longbaoshanensis has grown simple gill silt and column structure so as to achieve effective physiological mechanism drinking water through mouth, distributing water in pharyngeal cavity to draining one-way flow by gill slit and transferring food particles by using column structure, realizing the revolutionary transformation tentacle-typed eating to food-filtered in pharyngeal cavity.

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晋宁环饰蠕虫2

中文名：晋宁环饰蠕虫

Latin Name: Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun

规格：10cm×6cm×11.8cm

Size: 10cm×6cm×11.8cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era: The Early Cambrian Period (530 million years BP)

生物群：澄江生物群

Biota: Chengjiang Biota

产地：云南省澄江县

Fossil locality: Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province

详细描述

晋宁环饰蠕虫属于澄江动物群中常见蠕形动物，虫体细长，呈圆管状，长可达80mm，宽2-2.5mm。由内翻体和躯干所组成。内翻体短桶状，前边缘具1到2排呈横向排列较大弯钩状刺，刺尖向后方弯曲，内翻体其余部分具纵排的小刺。

咽较长，由前后三部分所组成，中间为浅的收缩沟所分开。咽的近基部表面光滑。只有咽完全外展时才能看到。躯干细长，表面具细密的横环，横环最多可达120个，每一环节具有1对鳞片状骨片。

Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun is the commonvermicular animal inChengjiang fauna.Being thin and long, the body is in circular tube shape and its length is up to 80mm and its width is 2-2.5mm. It consists ofthe internal body and trunk.

The internal body is short barrel-shaped,with one to two rows oflarger horizontal hook-shaped thorns on it. Thethorns bent rearward. Andthe rest of the internal body consists ofvertical small thorns.

The pharynxis a bitlong and it iscomposed of three partsback and forth. The middlepart is cut by contractionfurrows. The near base of the pharynx is smooth and it could only be seenwhen the pharynx is completely outreach.

The trunk is thin and long,whosesurfaceis filledwithclosehorizontal rings. The number of thehorizontal ring is up to 120,andeachring has a pair of scaly bone tablets.

这方晋宁环饰蠕虫化石较为完整，细节精美、生动、清晰，可确定为晋宁环饰蠕虫化石。晋宁环饰蠕虫，拉丁学名Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun，发现于中国云南澄江县帽天山。

This Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun fossil ispreferablycomplete, and the details arefine,vivid, andclear and it can besurlyidentified as the Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun fossil l.Itslatin name is Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun,itwas found in Maotian Mountain, Chengjiang County, China.

这方环饰蠕虫化石属于澄江生物群。澄江生物群是举世罕见、保存完善、研究地球早期生命演化的动物化石宝库，被国际古生物学界誉为“二十世纪最惊人的科学发现之一”，澄江也被誉称为“世界古生物圣地”。

This Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun fossilis Chengjiang biota. Chengjiang biota is the rare, well-preserved animal fossil treasury who conducts the study of the early evolution of the Earth's animal fossil treasure. It is honoured by the international paleontology as "one of the most amazing scientific discoveries in 20th century" and Chengjiang is also known as the "World PaleontologicalParadise".

从这方晋宁环饰蠕虫化石较好的保留了环饰蠕虫的外在形态，并呈现出这种亿万年前的生物细微的身体结构。这些5亿多年前潜居在古海洋海底泥砂中的古老生物为科学家研究地球早期的动物进化及地球早期生态环境提供了难得的线索。

ThisCircocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun fossilpreferablyretains its external shape andshows us the biological meticulous body structure which appearedhundreds of millions of years ago. These ancient creatures,whodugged in the ancient seabed mud 500 million years ago,provide scientists with rare clues about the researches of earth’searly evolution ofanimalsand theearth’searly ecological environment.

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中华古蠕虫

中文名：中华古蠕虫

Latin name:Palaeoscolex picatorum

规格： 9cm×8cm×2.5cm

Size: 9cm×8cm×2.5cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era: The Early Cambrian Period (530 million years BP)

生物群：澄江生物群

Biota: Chengjiang Biota

产地：云南省澄江县

Fossil locality: Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province

详细描述

这方中华古蠕虫化石虫体较为完整，细节清晰入微。中华古蠕虫，拉丁学名Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun，发现于中国云南澄江县帽天山。

This worm fossil ispreferablycompletewith clear details.Palaeoscolex picatorum,whose latin name is Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun, was found in Maotian Mountain, Chengjiang County, China.

这方中华古蠕虫化石属于澄江生物群。澄江生物群是举世罕见、保存完善、研究地球早期生命演化的动物化石宝库，被国际古生物学界誉为“二十世纪最惊人的科学发现之一”，澄江也被誉称为“世界古生物圣地”。

Thispalaeoscolex picatorum fossilis Chengjiang biota. Chengjiang biota is the rare, well-preserved animal fossil treasury who conducts the study of the early evolution of the Earth's animal fossil treasure. It is honoured by the international paleontology as "one of the most amazing scientific discoveries in 20th century" and Chengjiang is also known as the "World PaleontologicalParadise".

从这方中华古蠕虫化石较好的保留了环饰蠕虫原来的形态，为我们呈现出这种亿万年前的生物细致入微的身体结构，为科学家研究地球早期的动物进化及地球早期生态环境提供了难得的线索。

This palaeoscolex picatorum fossil preferablyretains itsoriginal shape andshows us the biological meticulous body structure which appearedhundreds of millions of years ago.And itprovides scientists withprecious clues about the researches of earth’searly evolution ofanimalsand theearth’searly ecological environment.

晋宁环饰蠕虫2

中文名：晋宁环饰蠕虫

Latin Name: Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun

规格：10cm×6cm×11.8cm

Size: 10cm×6cm×11.8cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era: The Early Cambrian Period (530 million years BP)

生物群：澄江生物群

Biota: Chengjiang Biota

产地：云南省澄江县

Fossil locality: Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province

详细描述

晋宁环饰蠕虫属于澄江动物群中常见蠕形动物，虫体细长，呈圆管状，长可达80mm，宽2-2.5mm。由内翻体和躯干所组成。内翻体短桶状，前边缘具1到2排呈横向排列较大弯钩状刺，刺尖向后方弯曲，内翻体其余部分具纵排的小刺。

咽较长，由前后三部分所组成，中间为浅的收缩沟所分开。咽的近基部表面光滑。只有咽完全外展时才能看到。躯干细长，表面具细密的横环，横环最多可达120个，每一环节具有1对鳞片状骨片。

Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun is the commonvermicular animal inChengjiang fauna.Being thin and long, the body is in circular tube shape and its length is up to 80mm and its width is 2-2.5mm. It consists ofthe internal body and trunk.

The internal body is short barrel-shaped,with one to two rows oflarger horizontal hook-shaped thorns on it. Thethorns bent rearward. Andthe rest of the internal body consists ofvertical small thorns.

The pharynxis a bitlong and it iscomposed of three partsback and forth. The middlepart is cut by contractionfurrows. The near base of the pharynx is smooth and it could only be seenwhen the pharynx is completely outreach.

The trunk is thin and long,whosesurfaceis filledwithclosehorizontal rings. The number of thehorizontal ring is up to 120,andeachring has a pair of scaly bone tablets.

这方晋宁环饰蠕虫化石较为完整，细节精美、生动、清晰，可确定为晋宁环饰蠕虫化石。晋宁环饰蠕虫，拉丁学名Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun，发现于中国云南澄江县帽天山。

This Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun fossil ispreferablycomplete, and the details arefine,vivid, andclear and it can besurlyidentified as the Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun fossil l.Itslatin name is Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun,itwas found in Maotian Mountain, Chengjiang County, China.

这方环饰蠕虫化石属于澄江生物群。澄江生物群是举世罕见、保存完善、研究地球早期生命演化的动物化石宝库，被国际古生物学界誉为“二十世纪最惊人的科学发现之一”，澄江也被誉称为“世界古生物圣地”。

This Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun fossilis Chengjiang biota. Chengjiang biota is the rare, well-preserved animal fossil treasury who conducts the study of the early evolution of the Earth's animal fossil treasure. It is honoured by the international paleontology as "one of the most amazing scientific discoveries in 20th century" and Chengjiang is also known as the "World PaleontologicalParadise".

从这方晋宁环饰蠕虫化石较好的保留了环饰蠕虫的外在形态，并呈现出这种亿万年前的生物细微的身体结构。这些5亿多年前潜居在古海洋海底泥砂中的古老生物为科学家研究地球早期的动物进化及地球早期生态环境提供了难得的线索。

ThisCircocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun fossilpreferablyretains its external shape andshows us the biological meticulous body structure which appearedhundreds of millions of years ago. These ancient creatures,whodugged in the ancient seabed mud 500 million years ago,provide scientists with rare clues about the researches of earth’searly evolution ofanimalsand theearth’searly ecological environment.

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具刺广卫虾

中文名：具刺广卫虾

Latin Name: Guangweicaris spinatus

规格： 14cm×11cm×3cm

Size: 14cm×11cm×3cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era: Early Cambrian Period (530 million years BP)

生物群：关山生物群

Biota: Mount Guan Fossil Coenosis

产地：云南省

Fossil locality: Yunnan Province

详细描述

具刺广卫虾属于关山生物群化石，产出层位：寒武纪早期的乌龙箐组（原沧浪铺组乌龙箐段），化石特征：广卫虾是一类奇特的节肢动物，主要发现于昆明附近，在武定和宜良地区也有少量发现。其外形与澄江生物群的抚仙湖虫较为相似。

ThisGuangweicaris spinatus belongs to Mount Guan biota fossil.

The occurrence horizon of the fossil: Wulongjing Group in Early Cambrian period (the original Canglangpu Group, Wulongjing Member).

Fossil Feature:TheGuangweicaris spinatus is an amazing group of anthropod. It is mostly found around Kunming, and is also found in small amounts in Wuding and Yiliang Country, Yunnan Province. The shape ofGuangweicaris spinatus is similar withtheFuxianhuia protensa of Chengjiang biota.

具刺广卫虾躯体从前向后分为头部、胸部、腹部、尾四个部分。最前端为椭圆形的头部，头部前端具一突出构造；胸部具8个胸节，由前向后变宽，最前端三节覆盖于头甲之下；腹部具7个腹节，每节背面具一向后延伸的刺状突起；尾扇位于第7个腹节之后，由3个尾叶组成。头甲半圆形，前有短柄状的眼和长鞭状触角。触角长，由至少23个触节所构成。胸节8个，最前端三个体节纵向较窄，无肋刺和中轴刺，覆盖于头甲下。第4至第8胸节较宽，具有中轴刺与强壮的肋刺。腹部由7个体节构成，成年个体中第1腹节的宽度仅为第8胸节的2/3，第6腹节后的体节纵向长度依次加长，宽度几乎不变，皆具强壮的中轴刺，但肋刺缺失，腹节侧视为矩形，腹节前边缘皆平直。第7腹节纵向长度加长明显，中轴上的刺较前面腹节上的刺长。尾部由3个尾叶组成，从最后一个腹节后伸出，尾叶边缘有细密的刚毛分布。

Thebody of theGuangweicaris spinatus divides into four parts front to back, including head, breast, abdomen and tail. An oval head is at the front of body, and protruding structure is at the front of head; The chest has eight thoracic segments and gradually expanding front to back. The three segments that are near head covering under the cephalic shield; The abdomen has seven ventral nodes. There is one spine on the back of each node that extending backward; The tail fan is behind the seventh ventral node, consisting of three caudal lobes. The cephalic shield is half-rounded with short-handled eyes ahead and whip-shaped tentacles. The tentacles are long, making up by at least 23 tentacled segments. It has eight thoracic segments which the first three somites are a little bit narrow in a vertical orientation without pleural or axle spines, covering under the cephalic shield. They are relatively wider the fourth to the eighth thoracic segments with pleural and axle spines. Seven somites compose the abdomen. The width of the first abdominal segment is just two third that of the eighth in adults, and the length of the somites behind the sixth abdominal becomes longer successively in a vertical orientation while the width is nearly invariable. Both of these abdominal segments have tough axle spines without pleural spines. The abdominal segments resembles a rectangle side looking, and the front edge of abdominal segments are flat and straight. The seventh abdominal segment is significantly lengthened that the others in a vertical orientation. The length spines on central axis is longer than those ahead. The tail is consist of three caudal lobes. The last caudal lobes is out-stretched, and has fine and thick bristles on the edge of caudal lobes.

这方具刺广卫虾化石属于关山生物群。关山生物群是中国继澄江动物群和凯里动物群之后又一个大量保存软躯体特异化石的寒武纪重要的布尔吉斯页岩型生物群。这方具刺广卫虾化石保存完美，兼具有真节肢动物和原节肢动物的特征，让我们对早期节肢动物的演化模式有了更清晰、直观和深入的了解。

ThisGuangweicaris spinatus belongs to Mount Guan biota fossil. Since the discovery of Chengjiang fauna and Kaili fauna, Mount Guan biotahas been another essential Burgess Shale Biota in Cambrian period whichpreserves numerous soft bodied peculiar fossils. ThisGuangweicaris spinatus fossil is well-preserved and has both the features of “ Euarthropoda”(true arthropods) and "Panarthropoda" (all the arthropods), making us to have clearer, more visible and deeper understanding to the evolution model of early arthropod in Cambrian period.

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环饰蠕虫

中文名：环饰蠕虫

Chinese Name: 环饰蠕虫

外文名：Worms

English Name: Worms

规格： 10.5cm×8.6cm×2.8cm

Size: 10.5cm×8.6cm×2.8cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era: The Early Cambrian Period (530 million years BP)

生物群：澄江生物群

Biota: Chengjiang Biota

产地：云南省澄江县

Fossil locality: Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province

详细描述

这方蠕虫化石不够完整，但细节较为清晰，可确定为环饰蠕虫化石。环饰蠕虫，拉丁学名Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun，发现于中国云南澄江县帽天山。

This worm fossil is not complete enough, but the details are clear and it can be identified as theworm fossil.Worm, whose latin name is Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun, was found in Maotian Mountain, Chengjiang County, China.

这方环饰蠕虫化石属于澄江生物群。澄江生物群是举世罕见、保存完善、研究地球早期生命演化的动物化石宝库，被国际古生物学界誉为“二十世纪最惊人的科学发现之一”，澄江也被誉称为“世界古生物圣地”。

Thisworm fossilis Chengjiang biota. Chengjiang biota is the rare, well-preserved animal fossil treasury who conducts the study of the early evolution of the Earth's animal fossil treasure. It is honoured by the international paleontology as "one of the most amazing scientific discoveries in 20th century" and Chengjiang is also known as the "World PaleontologicalParadise".

昆明市东南50公里远的澄江县石澄江生物群的产地，五亿两千万年前，这里是一片温暖浅海。当时生活在这里的梭状海口虫因外部环境变化而大批死亡，其遗体与痕迹，被当时的泥沙掩埋，历经亿万年岁月，梭状海口虫遗体中的有机质被分解殆尽，矿化成了石头。

Chengjiang county, which is located 50 miles southeast off Kunming, is the origin of Chengjiang biota. Five hundred and twenty million years ago, it is a warm shallow sea here. At that time,a large amount of thefusiform warms who livedinherediedbecause of the external environment changes. Their bodies and traces were buriedunder the soil. After hundreds of millions of years,the organic matter inthedeadbodies of the fusiform was broken down andmineralized asstone.

从这方环饰蠕虫化石较好的保留了环饰蠕虫原来的形态，为我们呈现出这种亿万年前的生物细致入微的身体结构。这些5亿多年前潜居在古海洋海底泥砂中的古老生物为科学家研究地球早期的动物进化及地球早期生态环境提供了难得的线索。环饰蠕虫的形成较少，成为化石也较为困难，其科研价值与收藏价值愈加显得珍贵。

Thisworm fossil preferablyretains itsoriginal shape andshows us the biological meticulous body structure which appearedhundreds of millions of years ago. These ancient creatures,whodugged in the ancient seabed mud 500 million years ago,provide scientists with rare clues about the researches of earth’searly evolution ofanimalsand theearth’searly ecological environment. The formation ofworms is rare,and it ismore difficult for them to become fossils. Soits scientific researchvalueand collection valueareeven more precious.

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云南头虫

中文名：云南头虫

Latin Name：Yunnanocephalus yunnanensis

规格：8cm×8cm×2cm

Size: 8cm×8cm×2cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era:Early Cambrian (530 Million years BP)

生物群：澄江生物群

Biota: Chengjiang Biota

产地：云南省澄江县

Fossil locality: Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province

详细描述

云南头虫，澄江动物群中常见三叶虫化石，分布于云南东部下寒武统帽天山页岩段。云南头虫最早由法国古生物学家满苏（Mansuy）于1912年描述，当时定名为云南褶颊虫。1936年，日本古生物学家小林贞一建立云南头虫属，至此，云南云南头虫的名得以确定。

As a common trilobita fossil within the fauna in Chengjiang, Yunnanocephalus yunnanensis was distributed in the shale section on Mountain Maotian in Eastern Yunnan in Late Cambian Period. Yunnanocephalus yunnanensis was firstly described by Mansuy, a French paleontologist in 1912, which was then named Yunnan Plait Gena Beetle. Kobayashi Teiichi, a Japanese paleontologist established Yunnanocephalus Genus. Since then, the naming of Yunnanocephalus yunnanensis was confirmed.

这方云南头虫化石虫属于澄江生物群。澄江生物群是举世罕见、保存完善、研究地球早期生命演化的动物化石宝库，被国际古生物学界誉为“二十世纪最惊人的科学发现之一”，澄江也被誉称为“世界古生物圣地”。

This fossil of Yunnanocephalus yunnanensis belongs to the biogroup in Chengjiang. The biogroup in Chengjiang, rare in the whole world and saved perfectly, is an animal fossil treasury used to study the evolution of the early lives, and it is called one of the most spectacular scientific discovery in 20th century, so Chengjiang is honored as the Ancient Animal Holy Land in the World.

这方云南头虫化石保存完整，细节清晰。从化石上看，云南头虫的虫体较小，背甲长卵形，前端宽圆，后端狭窄，头甲半圆形，头盖方形，头鞍向前收缩，固定颊宽，活动颊小而窄，无颊刺。胸区由14个背甲所组成。每一轴节上具1个小刺瘤。尾区小，由两个背早并合而成。

This fossil of Yunnanocephalus yunnanensis is saved very completely and its detail is very clear. As we can see the fossil, the body of Yunnanocephalus yunnanensis is a little small. What’s more, its tergum is oblong. The head of its tergum is wide and round, and the ending of its tergum is narrow. In addition, its cephalic shield is half round, and the cranidium is square. Its glabella contracts toward the front, and its fixigena is wide as well as its librigena is small and narrow. It doesn’t have a genal spine. Its pereion consists of 14 tergums. There’s a small papilloma in every cardo. Its pygidial region is small and two tergums merge into the pygidial region.

云南头虫属于莱得利基虫目中一个比较特别的存在，它的外形跟常见的莱得利基虫类差别很大。这一属也是我国西南地区早寒武纪的特有属，在研究早期三叶虫演化方面具有重要意义。

Yunnanocephalus yunnanensis is a relatively special creature within Redlichia Order, whose appearance is very different the common Redlichia. As a particular genus in the southwest of our country in Early Cambrian Period, this genus makes difference to studying the evolution of trilobita.

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楔形古虫（无尾）

中文名：楔形古虫

Latin name：Vetulicola cuneata

规格： 9cm×6.5cm×1.8cm

Size: 9cm×6.5cm×1.8cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era: The Early Cambrian Period (530 million years BP)

生物群：澄江生物群

Biota: Chengjiang Biota

产地：云南省澄江县

Fossil locality: Chengjiang Country, Yunnan Province

详细描述

此方化石由于标本保存不好，细节与特征都不太清晰，因此无法鉴定到属种，但可以确定属于古虫类生物化石遗体的部分，也有可能是楔形古虫。

The quadrate fossil, for its poor preserve and blurry details and characteristics, cannot be identified into one specific genera and specie, but it is sure to be part of the remains of ancient insects fossil, possibly a Vetulicola cuneata.

楔形古虫是一个非常奇特的双瓣壳节肢动物，它的每一壳瓣由一条纵向浅沟分为背、腹两部分，腹节从腹部的后边缘伸出，而不是从背部后边缘伸出。

Vetulicola cuneata is a peculiar bivalved arthropod with each of its valve being divided into two parts-the back part and the abdomen part by a longitudinal shallow groove.The uromere is reaching out the posterior edge of the abdomen part rather than the back part.

楔形古虫最显著的特征是后腹部具有大的楔形构造，这个特征不同于目前已知的所有节肢动物。

The most prominent feature of Vetulicola cuneata is a large cuneata structure at the posterior abdominal part, which is different all of the existing arthropods.

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中华微网虫

中文名 中华微网虫

Latin Name：Microdictyon sinicum Chen, Hou et Lu

规格：19.5cm×11.5cm×2cm

Size: 19.5cm×11.5cm×2cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era: Early Cambrian (530 Million years BP)

生物群：澄江生物群

Biota: Chengjiang Biota

产地：云南省澄江县

Fossil Locality: Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province

详细描述

中华微网虫是一种古无脊椎动物，也叫九眼精灵,它从头到尾有九对骨板,像九只眼睛,微网虫可能是最早用腿走路的动物,不过它运动缓慢，其形态相似于节肢动物。

Chinese Microdictyon, also called Nine-eye Elves, is an ancient invertebrate. It has nine pairs of osteones its head to its tail, which look like nine eyes. Microdictyon might be the earliest animal that walked on feet, nevertheless, it moved very slowly, and its morphological characteristics are like animals that belong to Arthropoda.

中华微网虫化石属于澄江生物群。澄江生物群是举世罕见、保存完善、研究地球早期生命演化的动物化石宝库，被国际古生物学界誉为“二十世纪最惊人的科学发现之一”，澄江也被誉称为“世界古生物圣地”。

The fossil of Chinese Microdictyon belongs to the biogroup in Chengjiang. The biogroup in Chengjiang, rare in the whole word and saved perfectly, is an animal fossil treasury used to study the evolution of the early lives, and it is called one of the most spectacular scientific discovery in 21st century, so Chengjiang is honored as the Ancient Animal Holy Land in the World.

中华微网虫化石最明显的的地方那9对矿化骨板结构，由于中华微网虫属于软体动物，很多化石仅仅遗存磷质多边形网状骨片骨板的痕迹，这些点状的骨板曾经困惑了古生物学界几十年。直到完整的微网虫化石出现，人们才发现发现这九个骨板实质上是一种类似蠕虫一样的生物体的一部分。

The nine pairs of osteones are the most obvious feature of the fossil of Chinese Microdictyon. Since it belongs to mollusc, there merely exists the trace of phosphatic polygonal Desma osteoneinmany fossils, at the same time, scientists in paleobiology have ever been puzzled by these punctate osteones for several decades years. People haven’t found that these nine pairs of osteones are actually a part of a living body that looks like a warm until they found the unbroken fossils of Microdictyon.

这方中华微网虫化石，历经亿万年岁月，虽然遗迹不太清晰，但通过化石明显的构造特征，我们仍然可以看到中华微网虫的虫体长达7-8cm左右，次呈圆柱形，两侧具9对矿化骨板，骨板表面有多边网状结构，每个网眼中含有一个圆管构造。

This fossil of Chinese Microdictyon has ever existed for hundreds of millions of years. Although the trace is not clear very much, we can find that the warm body reaches a length of about seven to eight centimeters and the shape of it is cylindrical. There are nine pairs of mineralized osteones on both sides, on the surface of which is polygonal reticular structure. There is a circular tube structure in every mesh.

由化石我们可知中华微网虫属于多腿缓步类动物，它的身体多数很小，最大不超过10厘米，头短而小，尾长，腹部两侧具有成对的腿，不善行走，用带爪的腿攀附在其他生物体上。在寒武纪早期的海洋里，这种柔弱的虫子与世无争，它的食物是海底的碎屑，它身上的一块块“骨板”也可能是它是唯一的御敌装备。

We can know the fossil that Chinese Microdictyon belongs to the Multi-legged tardigrade animal. The length of its body is mostly small, in other words, the biggest doesn’t exceed ten centimeters. Its head is short and small, it tail is long, and there are pairs of legs on two sides of its abdomen. It isn’t good at walking, but it can climb in other living bodies with its legs. In the sea of early Cambrian Period, this kind of small warm didn’t have a foe, and the food of it is the chippings at the bottom of the sea. Its osteones might be its only anti-enermy equipment.

目前已知的微网虫有10多种，见于北美洲、中美洲、欧洲、亚洲，以及澳洲的早－中期寒武纪地层，但仅有澄江生物群中的化石保存软躯体构造。澄江生物群中的微网虫仅有（中华微纲虫）一种，仅限于云南澄江地区，因为化石形成较少，所以中华为微网虫化石在澄江动物群中极为珍稀。

There are over ten kinds of Microdictyon known at present, which are seen in the early-middle Cambrian Period Stratum in North America, Middle America, Europe, Asia and Australia. But only the fossil in Chengjiang Biogroup keeps its structure of soft body. There are only one kind of Microdictyon (that is, Chinese Microdictyon) in Chengjiang biogroup, and it only exists in Chengjiang, Yunnan. The fossil of Chinese Microdictyon is very valuable and rare within the Chengjiang biogroup because it is rare.

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耳材村海口虾

中文名：耳材村海口虾

Latin name: Haikoucaris ercaiensis

规格：9cm×7.5cm×3cm

Size: 9cm×7.5cm×3cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era: The Early Cambrian Period (530 million years BP)

生物群：澄江生物群

Biota: Chengjiang Biota

产地：云南省澄江县

Fossil locality: Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province

详细描述

耳材村海口虾属于澄江动物群标本，具有一对大附肢，身体细长，头部具1对前侧眼和4个头节，大附肢由短棒状柄和螯所组成。海口虾相对标本稀少，仅发现于昆明海口地区。

Haikoucaris ercaiensis is a specimen of Chengjiang fauna, consisting of a pair of large age-comprising short clavate-like handles and pincers, an vimineous body, one pair of anterior lateral eyes and four cephalomeres at the head part. The Haikoucaris ercaiensis specie is relatively rare, and can only be found in Haikou of Kunming so far.

这方耳材村海口虾躯体保存较为完整，细节清晰，特征明显，因标本稀少，而更具科研的价值

This quadrate Haikoucaris ercaiensis remains a comparative intact body, clear details, distinct characteristics,is of highly scientific study value for its rareness.

耳材村海口虾化石发现地是云南澄江县帽天山，属于澄江生物群。澄江生物群是迄今发现的分布最集中、保存最完整、种类最丰富的早寒武纪地球生命大爆发的化石遗迹，2012年，已被列入《世界遗产名录》。

Found in Maotianshan mountain in Chengjiang Yunnan, the Haikoucaris ercaiensis is part of Chengjiang fauna.As the most concentrate distribution place, the Chengjiang fauna boasts the most well-preserved and the most diversified fossil remains in the early Cambrian of earth life explosion, being listed as a World Heritage in 2012.

梭状海口虫

中文名： 梭状海口虫，

Latin name：Haikouella lanceolate

规格： 13.2cm×11cm×3.5cm

Size: 13.2cm×11cm×3.5cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era: The Early Cambrian Period (530 million years BP)

生物群：澄江生物群

Biota: Chengjiang Biota

产地：云南省澄江县

Fossil locality: Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province

详细描述

海口虫在当时是一切脊椎动物的先祖之一，海口虫没有象当时的多数动物一样选择坚硬的盔甲，反而长出背部的脊索；又因为舍弃盔甲选择智能，所以长出大脑，能够更好地适应这个世界。

At that time,Haikouella was one of the progenitors of all vertebrates. Instead of hard armour as the most animals at that period,Haikouella grew notochord on its back, and therefore it grew brain for intelligence because of the loss of armour, making itself better adaptation to the world.

这方梭状海口虫化石属于澄江生物群。澄江生物群是举世罕见、保存完善、研究地球早期生命演化的动物化石宝库，被国际古生物学界誉为“二十世纪最惊人的科学发现之一”，澄江也被誉称为“世界古生物圣地”。

ThisHaikouellalanceolate fossil belongs to Chengjiang biota. Chengjiang biota is a rare, well-preserved treasure-house of animal fossils for researching the life evolution in the early period of earth around the world and It is praised as “one of the amazing scientific discovery in the 21st century” by the international paleontology circle, therefore Chengjiang is also regarded as “World Paleontological Shrine”.

昆明市东南50公里远的澄江县是澄江生物群的产地，五亿两千万年前，这里是一片温暖浅海。当时生活在这里的梭状海口虫因外部环境变化而大批死亡，其遗体与痕迹，被当时的泥沙掩埋，历经亿万年岁月，梭状海口虫遗体中的有机质被分解殆尽，矿化成了石头。

The Chengjiang Country isFifty kilometers away thesoutheast of Kunming, which is also the location of Chengjiang biota. 520 million years ago, this place was a warm shadow sea. At that time,Haikouellalanceolate living here died in a large number because the change of external environment. Its bodies and remains were buried by silt. After trillions of years, the organic materials in the bodies ofHaikouellalanceolate were almost decomposed, and then mineralized to stone.

从这方梭状海口虫化石我们可以看到，化石较好的保留了梭状海口虫原来的形态、结构（甚至一些细微的内部构造），其肌肉已经分节，保存鳃丝结构，有消化道、尾巴、肛门，更重要的是，它有一个脊索动物的特征──软的弹性构造。仔细观察化石可知，海口虫扁平得象文昌鱼一样，长不过几厘米，在当时捕食者林立的海洋中十分平凡，但留在化石上梭状海口虫内部构造的印迹，却展示出这种动物拥有脊索结构，由弹性细胞连成的结构从头部一直连到尾的后端。

FromthisHaikouellalanceolate fossil, wecan see that the fossil is well preserved the original shape, structure(even has subtle internal structure). The muscle has segmented with gill filaments structure preserved.It has alimentary canal, tail, anal orifice, and more importantly, it has a feature of chordates—the soft elastic construction. If you scrutinize the fossil, you will learn that the Haikouella is just flat as much as the amphioxus. It is only a few centimeters long and is a common species in ocean predators are every. However, the imprint of internal structure of Haikouella lanceolata left on the fossil shows that this animal has notochord structure, and this structure connecting by elastic cell, t head to the end of tail.

这方梭状海口虫化石为我展示了生物演化过程中一个非常重要的环节，它也是无脊椎动物演化成脊椎动物的典型过渡代表。脊索动物出现时间也因海口虫类化石的发掘从5.15亿年前推到了5.3亿年前。

ThisHaikouellalanceolate fossil has shown me a very important link in the process of organic evolution, and it is also a typical transition representative invertebrate animals to vertebrate animals. The discovery ofHaikouellalanceolate fossil has shift the appearance time of chordates 515 million years ago to 530 million years ago.

长尾纳罗虫2

中文名：长尾纳罗虫（周小姐虫）

Chinese name: Chang wei na luo chong(Zhou xiao jie chong)

外文名：Misszhouia longicaudata

English name: Misszhouia longicaudata

规格： 11.5cm×7cm×2cm

Size: 11.5cm×7cm×2cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era: The Early Cambrian Period (530 million years BP)

化石群：澄江生物群

Biota: Chengjiang Biota

产地：云南省澄江县

Fossil locality: Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province

详细描述

长尾纳罗虫（周小姐虫）（学名：Misszhouia），为在中国澄江寒武纪地层发现的一种早期小型海生节肢动物，大小可长至6厘米，被分类至纳罗虫科，其下只有一个物种长尾纳罗虫。

The Misszhouia is an early small marine arthropod found in Cambrain stratum in Chengjiang,China, with its longest reaching 6cm, it is classified into Naraoiidae including one and only specie-longicaudata.

长尾纳罗虫是海底爬行泥食性无脊椎动物。

The longicaudata is aninvertebrate that used to feed deposit and crawl at the bottom of sea.

这块长尾纳罗虫（周小姐虫）虽然在亿万年的地质变动中残缺不全，仅保留了的长尾纳罗虫尾部标本，但化石的迷人之处也在于此，我们可以通过化石透露着一些细节，去探索隐藏了的远古奥秘，去探知5．3亿年前的生物世界的信息，

Although this longicaudata(Misszhouia longicaudata) has become incomplete after billions of years of geologic movement, only the tail part remains, that is also the charm of fossil lies. According to the details revealed fossil, we are able to explore the hidden ancient mystery to find out the biology world of 530 million years ago.

这方刺尾纳罗虫化石产自云南澄江。澄江生物群是举世罕见、保存完善、研究地球早期生命演化的动物化石宝库，被国际古生物学界誉为“二十世纪最惊人的科学发现之一”，澄江也被誉称为“世界古生物圣地”。刺(长？)尾纳罗虫的发现和研究为世界科学界研究生命起源、无脊椎动物的演化提供了重要的科学依据。

The quadrate Misszhouia longicaudata fossil was found in Chengjiang Yunnan.s a fauna fossil treasure that is both rare and well-preserved, the Chengjiang biota, a showcase of the evolution of early life in earth, is hailed as one of the most amazing scientific discovery of the twentieth century, and Chengjiang is also regarded as a shrine of the world paleobionts. The found of and study onlongicaudata is providing an important scientific ground for world scientificfield’sstudy on the origin of life and evolution ofinvertebrates.

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刺尾纳罗虫

中文名：刺尾纳罗虫

Latin Name：Naraoia spinosa

规格： 8cm×6cm×2cm

Size: 8cm×6cm×2cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era：Early Cambrian (530 Million years BP)

生物群：澄江生物群

Biota: Chengjiang Biota

产地：云南省澄江县

Fossil locality: Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province

详细描述

刺尾纳罗虫是海底爬行泥食性无脊椎动物，头甲两后基角刺状，尾甲具侧刺，两个较大的后尾刺。刺尾纳罗虫是澄江生物群中最常见的节肢动物之一。

As a seafloor reptile mud-fed invertebrate animal, Naraoia spinosa’s cephalic shield has two spinulose post-basal corners and its caudal shield has lateral spines and two big post caudal spines. Naraoia spinosa is one of the most common arthropodas within the biogroup in Chengjiang.

刺尾纳罗虫生活在距今5.3亿年前寒武纪海洋。纳罗虫化石是侯先光1984年7月1日在帽天山上发现的第一块化石，从此揭开了帽天山神秘的面纱，继而发现轰动世界的澄江生物群。

Naraoia spinosa lived in the Cambrian Seas 530 million years before present. The fossil of Naraoia is the first fossil that was found by Hou Xianguang in Mountain Maotian on June 1st, 1984. Since then, the mysterious veil of Mountain Maotian was uncovered, and then the world-shaking biogroup in Chengjiang was found.

这方刺尾纳罗虫化石，背甲长椭圆形，分为头甲和躯干甲两部分，头甲半圆形，具1对后侧刺，与3对小型的侧刺。躯干前部具有7-9对小侧刺，及1对较大的后侧刺。化石产自云南澄江。

The tergum of this fossil of Naraoia spinosa is oblong, which is divided into two parts, the cephalic shield and the truncal shield. Half round, the cephalic shield has a pair of post lateral spines and three pairs of small lateral spines. The front of the trunk has seven to nine pairs of small lateral spines and a pair of large post lateral spines. The fossil originated Chengjiang, Yunnan.

刺尾纳罗虫是一种奇特的三叶虫，它没有胸节，外壳尚未矿化，只有头部和尾部。背甲分头尾两部分，头甲半圆形。尾甲半长椭圆形，纳罗虫是海底爬行泥食性无脊椎动物。

Naraoia spinosa is a kind of peculiar trilobita that doesn’t have thoracic segment but the cephalosome and the rump, and the shell of which isn’t mineralized. Its tergum is divided into two parts, the cephalosome and rump, and the cephalic shield is oblong. Its caudal shield is half oblong. Naraoia spinosa is a seafloor reptile mud-fed invertebrate animal.

这方刺尾纳罗虫化石属于澄江生物群。澄江生物群是举世罕见、保存完善、研究地球早期生命演化的动物化石宝库，被国际古生物学界誉为“二十世纪最惊人的科学发现之一”，澄江也被誉称为“世界古生物圣地”。刺尾纳罗虫的发现和研究为世界科学界研究生命起源、无脊椎动物的演化提供了重要的科学依据。

This fossil of Naraoia spinosa belongs to the biogroup in Chengjiang. The biogroup in Chengjiang, rare in the whole world and saved perfectly, is an animal fossil treasury used to study the evolution of the early lives, and it is called one of the most spectacular scientific discovery in 20th century, so Chengjiang is honored as the Ancient Animal Holy Land in the World. The finding and research of Naraoia spinosa provide an important scientific basis for the world scientific community to study the origin of lives and the evolution of invertebrate animals.

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楔形古虫

中文名：楔形古虫

Latin Name：Vetulicola cuneata

规格：9cm×6.5cm×1.8cm

Size: 9cm×6.5cm×1.8cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era: Early Cambrian(530 million years B.P)

生物群：澄江生物群

Biota: Chengjiang Biota

产地：云南省澄江县

Fossil locality:: Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province

详细描述

楔形古虫是一个非常奇特的双瓣壳节肢动物，它的每一壳瓣由一条纵向浅沟分为背、腹两部分，腹节从腹部的后边缘伸出，而不是从背部后边缘伸出。

Vetulicola cuneata is a peculiar bivalved arthropod with each of its valve being divided into two parts-the back part and the abdomen part by a longitudinal shallow groove.The uromere is reaching out the posterior edge of the abdomen part rather than the back part.

这块楔形古虫是澄江动物群中较常见化石。澄江生物群是举世罕见、保存完善、研究地球早期生命演化的动物化石宝库，被国际古生物学界誉为“二十世纪最惊人的科学发现之一”，澄江也被誉称为“世界古生物圣地”。

This Vetulicola cuneata is a common one in the Fauna in Chengjiang.As a fauna fossil treasure that is both rare and well-preserved, the Chengjiang biota, a showcase of the evolution of early life in earth, is hailed as one of the most amazing scientific discovery of the twentieth century, and Chengjiang is also regarded as a shrine of the world paleobionts.

这方楔形古虫化石虽然不太完整，但细节和特征较为明显，个体长7到11厘米，胸区呈囊状，侧视呈长方形，由5个体节所组成，两侧扁平，高为侧宽的2倍，胸区外骨骼由厚而坚硬的背腹甲和1对可伸缩的肋叶所组成，背腹甲分别形成鳍状突起，在胸区之前具2对前突，可能对头区起保护作用。

The quadrate Vetulicola cuneata fossil, not so intact though, has distinct and detailed characteristics. With a range of 7-11 cm in length, the Vetulicola cuneata has a sac-shaped chest, a rectangle side view. Consisting of five arthromeres, it is flat in both sides, twice as high as the side width. The chest exoskeleton are composed of thick and hard carapace and plastron and one pair of retractable costal leaves, and the carapace and the plastron are fin-shaped ridged,forming two frontal process ahead the chest to protect the head part.

楔形古虫最显著的特征是后腹部具有大的楔形构造，这个特征不同于目前已知的所有节肢动物。

The most prominent feature of Vetulicola cuneata is a large cuneata structure at the posterior abdominal part, which is different all of the existing arthropods.

晋宁环饰蠕虫2

中文名：晋宁环饰蠕虫

Latin Name: Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun

规格： 9cm×8cm×2.5cm

Size: 9cm×8cm×2.5cm

时代：早寒武纪（距今5.3亿年前）

Era: The Early Cambrian Period (530 million years BP)

生物群：澄江生物群

Biota: Chengjiang Biota

产地：云南省澄江县

Fossil locality: Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province

详细描述

晋宁环饰蠕虫属于澄江动物群中常见蠕形动物，虫体细长，呈圆管状，长可达80mm，宽2-2.5mm。由内翻体和躯干所组成。内翻体短桶状，前边缘具1到2排呈横向排列较大弯钩状刺，刺尖向后方弯曲，内翻体其余部分具纵排的小刺。

咽较长，由前后三部分所组成，中间为浅的收缩沟所分开。咽的近基部表面光滑。只有咽完全外展时才能看到。躯干细长，表面具细密的横环，横环最多可达120个，每一环节具有1对鳞片状骨片。

Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun is the commonvermicular animal inChengjiang fauna.Being thin and long, the body is in circular tube shape and its length is up to 80mm and its width is 2-2.5mm. It consists ofthe internal body and trunk.

The internal body is short barrel-shaped,with one to two rows oflarger horizontal hook-shaped thorns on it. Thethorns bent rearward. Andthe rest of the internal body consists ofvertical small thorns.

The pharynxis a bitlong and it iscomposed of three partsback and forth. The middlepart is cut by contractionfurrows. The near base of the pharynx is smooth and it could only be seenwhen the pharynx is completely outreach.

The trunk is thin and long,whosesurfaceis filledwithclosehorizontal rings. The number of thehorizontal ring is up to 120,andeachring has a pair of scaly bone tablets.

这方晋宁环饰蠕虫化石较为完整，细节精美、生动、清晰，可确定为晋宁环饰蠕虫化石。晋宁环饰蠕虫，拉丁学名Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun，发现于中国云南澄江县帽天山。

This Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun fossil ispreferablycomplete, and the details arefine,vivid, andclear and it can besurlyidentified as the Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun fossil l.Itslatin name is Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun,itwas found in Maotian Mountain, Chengjiang County, China.

这方环饰蠕虫化石属于澄江生物群。澄江生物群是举世罕见、保存完善、研究地球早期生命演化的动物化石宝库，被国际古生物学界誉为“二十世纪最惊人的科学发现之一”，澄江也被誉称为“世界古生物圣地”。

This Circocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun fossilis Chengjiang biota. Chengjiang biota is the rare, well-preserved animal fossil treasury who conducts the study of the early evolution of the Earth's animal fossil treasure. It is honoured by the international paleontology as "one of the most amazing scientific discoveries in 20th century" and Chengjiang is also known as the "World PaleontologicalParadise".

从这方晋宁环饰蠕虫化石较好的保留了环饰蠕虫的外在形态，并呈现出这种亿万年前的生物细微的身体结构。这些5亿多年前潜居在古海洋海底泥砂中的古老生物为科学家研究地球早期的动物进化及地球早期生态环境提供了难得的线索。

ThisCircocosmia jinningensis Hou et Sun fossilpreferablyretains its external shape andshows us the biological meticulous body structure which appearedhundreds of millions of years ago. These ancient creatures,whodugged in the ancient seabed mud 500 million years ago,provide scientists with rare clues about the researches of earth’searly evolution ofanimalsand theearth’searly ecological environment.

2-1单细胞到大爆炸



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叠层石

学名：叠层石

规格：1850cm×500cm×985cm（含底座）

1860cm×780cm×140cm

生存年代：晚前寒武纪至现代

详细描述

叠层石（stromatolite)，泛指主要由蓝藻及菌类的生物作用和无机沉积作用相互影响而形成的一种生物沉积构造体，常成同心状的叠层体，故名“叠层石”。叠层石形态、大小变化很大，最常见的有柱状、锥状、层状、板状、球状等。广义的叠层石有三种类型，即层纹石、核形石和狭义的叠层石（仅指柱状和锥状者）

该叠层化石为小型封闭同心层状，直径一般不超过10厘米，形态多样，但以球状者最常见，酷似结核，故名“核形石”。核形石(oncolite)是由分泌粘液的藻类生长并捕获和粘结碎屑物质和碳酸钙质点,围绕核心加积而形成的颗粒。核形石是一种藻包粒，由核心和包壳两部分组成，也有人称其为"藻灰结核"。