清 皇家朝珠

宁静致远

1 东珠，是产自中国东北松花江、黑龙江、乌苏里江、鸭绿江等流域的野生珍珠，质地圆润硕大，色泽晶莹透澈。因以天然形成，无植核等培养工艺。得之不易，弥足珍贵。

Dongzhu, also called "Tana", is a local name given to natural pearls found in cold waters， such as the Songhuajiang River, the Heilongjiang River, etc. in northeast area of China. Owing to its natural formation, well cultivatded in raw natural circumostances, it is very good in texture, huge in size and crystal in appearance comparing with pearls in other parts of China.

2 东珠，满语为“塔娜”。清朝将产自于东北地区的珍珠称为东珠（或北珠），用于区别产自南方的南珠。它产于松花江、黑龙江、乌苏里江、鸭绿江及其流域。清朝统治者把东珠看作珍宝，用以镶嵌在表示权利和尊荣的冠服饰物上。皇后、皇太后的冬朝冠，缀饰的东珠与珍珠约300颗，冠顶东珠13颗，珍珠51颗。余如耳饰、朝珠等，也用东珠镶嵌，以表示身份并显现皇家的权威。

Dongzhu, also called "Tana", is a local name given to natural pearls found in cold waters in northeast area of China, such as the Songhuajiang River, the Heilongjiang River,the Wusuli River and the Yalujiang Rivers. Due to its natural formation, well cultivatded in raw circumostances, it is very good in texture, huge in size and crystal in appearance in compare with pears found in other parts and areas.

In Qing dynasty, Dongzhu pearl-beads strings were regarded as an extreme distinguished treasure and could be wore only by Emperors,queens and motherquees. Therefore, they were decorated on the crowns representing the rights and honor. There were total about 300 more pieces of precious jewelry found in queen's winter clothe, 13 Dongzhu pearls and 51 ordinary ones on the crown, while many other decorating jewels were found as well.

3 朝珠是清朝皇帝和官员着礼服（即朝服、衮服）、吉服(即龙袍）和常服时佩戴的一种装饰物，挂在颈项垂于胸前。东珠朝珠是所有材质的朝珠中等级最高者，只有皇帝、皇太后和皇后才能佩戴，即使贵为皇子、亲王，也不得使用，很珍贵。

Chaozhu is an official named to the neck-bead strings in Qing Dynasty. It is not only an uniform ornament but also a symbol of official status and levels at that time. Emperors and fovernment officials must wear (hang on the neck)bead strings in formal occasions. Dongzhu pearls string is the highest level string of all, must only be worn by emperors,the Mother Queens and Queens only, none others could wear, nor princes and princesses even.

4 朝珠，清代朝服上佩带的珠串。朝珠是清朝礼服的一种佩挂物，挂在颈项垂於胸前。朝珠共108颗，每27颗间穿入一粒大珠，大珠共四颗，称分珠，根据官品大小和地位高低﹐用珠和绦色都有区别。

A standard official neck-string of Chaozhu consists of a total of 108 beads,there are 4 large beads as called the middle bead put in between every 27 deads,usually a better quality material jewery,there also a different string with a Buddha head, a special fine design jewel larger and heavier,with a dependant at the end of gold-color silk sash,called Beiyun, usually put on back while wearing, functioning as a counterpart or back-balance. There are 3 smaller strings tight on each side of the bead string called Memory,composed of 10 different jewel beads, often, two on left and one,the other when dressed.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

朝珠是清朝皇帝和官员着礼服（即朝服、衮服）、吉服(即龙袍）和常服时佩戴的一种装饰物，挂在颈项垂于胸前。东珠朝珠是所有材质的朝珠中等级最高者，只有皇帝、皇太后和皇后才能佩戴，即使贵为皇子、亲王，也不得使用，很珍贵。

此帝王朝珠由108颗东珠和4颗碧玺珠,三串青金石记念串珠以及背云构成。

此串朝珠共108颗东珠，四颗碧玺隔珠，以及三串青晶石纪念和碧玺背云构成。

Chaozhu is officially named to neck-beads strings in Qing Dynasty. It is not only an ornament but also a symbol of official job status and levels at that time. Emperors and officials must wear (hang on the neck) beads strings in formal occasions. Dongzhu pearls-string is the highest level string of all, must be worn by emperors, Mother Queens and Queens only, none others could wear, nor princes and princesses.

This pearl-string consists of 108 Dongzhu pearl-beads, 4 tourmalines large beads,3 lapis lazuli beads strings,etc. with specifications as following:

Dongzhu pearls: 11mm, total wt: 316.72g

Tourmalines: 20mm,

Lapis Lazuli: 6mm,

the pagoda(tourmaline): 22mm

the back-balance string (tourmaline): 25mm

　　

Attached (附件: 鉴定证书）:

CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICITY

NAME: Pearls string

Size & Wt: 316.72g

Age: Qing Qianlong period (1735-1796).

Appraisal: This pearl string (also called Chaozhu)is composed of very

precious pearls and tourmalines. there are 108 pearls with 4

tourmaline beads.The string is royal heritage, a very rare

masterpiese.

Seal: Seng Shi Jia Bao

Expert Signature: Zhang Ning

personal seal: Zhang Ning

Date: / / 2013