<h3> </h3><div>一、 引题</div><div><br></div><div>有一次咨询一位资深验船师，应急消防泵间能不能设置在舵机间？该验船师说，可以啊，你看这些年建造的上百条CAPE都是将应急消防泵间放在舵机间内的。可是，后来在咨询别的验船师的时候，却得到了相反的回答——应急消防泵严禁设置于舵机间。后一位验船师拿出了SOLAS公约，翻到II-2/10,额滴娘来，还真有条款规定。</div><div><br></div><div>各大船级社问遍了，在这个问题上，基本是左右摇摆。再问海事主管机关，各位PSCO大神们是一头雾水，不知道啊！也是，从来没有PSC检查提出过这个问题，不只是PSCO有难言之隐，还是大家都没有看到。</div><div><br></div><div>偶陷于迷茫之中……</div><div> </div> <h3><br></h3><div>二、SOLAS公约关于应急消防泵位置的规定</div><div><br></div><div>（1） SOLAS II-2/10.2.2.3.1 “消防泵的通海连接件、消防泵及其动力源的布置应确保：对于货船和1,000总吨以下的客船，如果任何一个舱室失火时可能使所有消防泵失去作用，应配备1台符合FSS的应急消防泵作为替代设备, 该泵的动力源和通海连接件位于主消防泵或其动力源所在处所之外。” </div><div>The arrangement of sea connections, fire pumps and their sources of power shall be as to ensure that: in passenger ships of less than 1,000 gross tonnage and in cargo ships, if a fire in any one compartment could put all the pumps out of action, there shall be an alternative means consisting of an emergency fire pump complying with the provisions of the Fire Safety Systems Code with its source of power and sea connection located outside the space where the main fire pumps or their sources of power are located.</div><div><br></div><div>（2）SOLAS II-2/10.2.2.31“应急消防泵所在处所不得与A类机器处所或内设主消防泵处所的限界面相邻接。如果此种布置不可行，两个处所间共用的舱壁应隔热至相当于对控制站所要求的结构防火标准。”</div><div>The space containing the emergency fire pump shall not be contiguous to the boundaries of machinery spaces of category A or those spaces containing main fire pumps. Where this is not practicable, the common bulkhead between the two spaces shall be insulated to a standard of structural fire protection equivalent to that required for a control station.</div> <h3>（3）SOLAS II-2/10.2.1.4.1“……应急消防泵及其海水入口、吸水以及送水管和隔离阀应位于机器处所的外部。无法做到这种布置时，如对该阀门(是sea inlet valve)进行遥控的位置与应急消防泵在同一舱室，可在机器处所安装通海阀箱，吸水管要尽可能短。吸水管和排水管的一小部分可以贯穿机器处所，但应由坚固的钢质外套包裹，或隔热至A – 60级标准。管子应有足实的壁厚，无论如何不得小于11 mm，并且除与海水进口阀门的连接采用法兰外，所有接头均应采用焊接连接。”</h3><div>The emergency fire pump, its seawater inlet, and suction and delivery pipes and isolating valves shall be located outside the machinery space. If this arrangement cannot be made, the sea-chest may be fitted in the machinery space if the valve is remotely controlled from a position in the same compartment as the emergency fire pump and the suction pipe is as short as practicable. Short lengths of suction or discharge piping may penetrate the machinery space, provided they are enclosed in a substantial steel casing, or are insulated to "A-60" class standards. The pipes shall have substantial wall thickness, but in no case less than 11 mm, and shall be welded except for the flanged connection to the sea inlet valve.</div><div><br></div><div>(refers to UI SC245)</div> <h3>（4）SOLAS II-2/10. 2.2.3.2.2 通往应急消防泵的通道“机器处所与应急消防泵及其动力源所在处所之间，不允许有直接通道。当此种布置不可行时，主管机关可以接受这样一种布置，即通道有一个气锁设施，其内机器处所的门达到“A−60”级标准，另一门至少为钢质，2个门均适度气密、自闭且不设门背钩。作为替代，可利用能从远离机器处所和应急消防泵所在处所的位置操作并在这些处所失火时不会被阻断的水密门作为通道。在此种情况下，应急消防泵及其动力源所在处所应设有第2个通道。” </h3><div>2.2.3.2.2 Access to the emergency fire pump No direct access shall be permitted between the machinery space and the space containing the emergency fire pump and its source of power. When this is impracticable, the Administration may accept an arrangement where the access is by means of an airlock with the door of the machinery space being of "A-60" class standard, and the other door being at least steel, both reasonably gastight, self-closing and without any hold-back arrangements. Alternatively, the access may be through a watertight door capable of being operated from a space remote from the machinery space and the space containing the emergency fire pump and unlikely to be cut off in the event of fire in those spaces. In such cases, a second means of access to the space containing the emergency fire pump and its source of power shall be provided. </div> <h3>（5）SOLAS II-2/10. 2.2.3.2.3 应急消防泵处所的通风“应急消防泵独立动力源所在处所通风的布置，应尽可能杜绝机器处所失火时产生的烟气进入或被吸入该处所的可能” 2.2.3.2.3 Ventilation of the emergency fire pump space Ventilation arrangements to the space containing the independent source of power for the emergency fire pump shall be such as to preclude, as far as practicable, the possibility of smoke from a machinery space fire entering or being drawn into that space. </h3><div> </div><div>（6） 应急消防泵的吸口水头 FSS 2.2.1.3 Suction heads The total suction head and the net positive suction head of the pump shall be determined having due regard to the requirements of the Convention and this chapter on the pump capacity and on the hydrant pressure under all conditions of list, trim, roll and pitch likely to be encountered in service. The ballast condition of a ship on entering or leaving a dry dock need not be considered a service condition. </div><div><br></div><div>（refers to UI SC178）</div> <h3>三、讨论</h3><h3><br></h3><div>（一）从功能要求开始分析</div><div><br></div><div>作为灭火设备之一的应急消防泵，其功能要求在“灭”上，所以其位置必须保证其随时可用性和灭火的有效性。随时可用，除了其处于on call状态外，还不因其他处所失火或爆炸而影响了应急消防泵的随时可用，也不因主消防泵失效而影响了应急消防泵的随时可用。</div><div><br></div><div>所以，公约规定了：</div><div>（1）应急消防泵必须位于机器处所之外（II-2/10.2.1.4.1）；</div><div>（2）应急消防泵必须位于主消防泵及其动力源所在处所之外（II-2/10.2.2.3.1）；</div><div>（3）应急消防泵（及其动力源）所在处所不得与机器处所与之间有直接通道。（II-2/10. 2.2.3.2.2）</div><div>（4）应急消防泵所在处所不得与有高度失火危险的A类机器处所相邻（II-2/10.2.2.31）；</div><div>（5）应急消防泵所在处所不得与主消防泵处所相邻（II-2/10.2.2.31）；</div><div><br></div><div> 从上面的两个“必须”和三个“不得”可以看出，对于应急消防泵位置影响最大的两个处所，分别是“A类机器处所”和“主消防泵及其动力源所在处所”。由于散货船的主消防泵及其动力源往往位于A类机器处所之内，为了讨论简便，我们把主消防泵及其动力源所在处所与A类机器处所合并，如此一来，SOLAS的5条要求就变成3条。也就是公约要求变成了“应急消防泵”与“机器处所”、“A类机器处所”的相对位置的要求。如果用一句话来表达，就是“应急消防泵（及其动力源）”必须位于“机器处所”之外，并且不得与“A类机器处所”相邻，不得有与“机器处所”直接通的门。</div><div><br></div><div>（二）“机器处所”与“A类机器处所”</div><div><br></div><div>关于机器处所，特别是A类机器处所的定义，主要是从消防角度出发的，所以我们先看SOLAS II-2对机器处所、A类机器处所是如何定义的。</div><div><br></div><div>机器处所系指A类机器处所和其他装有推进装置、锅炉、燃油装置、蒸汽机和内燃机、发电机和主要电动机械、加油站、冷藏机、防摇装置、通风机和空调机的处所，以及类似的处所和通往这些处所的围壁通道。</div><div> </div><div>A类机器处所系指装有下列设备的处所和通往这些处所的围壁通道：(a) 用作主推进的内燃机；(b)用作非主推进，合计总输出功率不小于375 kW的内燃机；或(3)任何燃油锅炉或燃油装置，或锅炉以外的任何燃油设备，如惰性气体发生器、焚烧炉等。</div><div> </div><div> 从定义看出，“A类机器处所”是“机器处所”的真子集。“A类机器处所”+“A类机器处所”之外的“机器处所”=“机器处所”。</div><div> </div><div>（三）C派与D派对公约的理解</div><div> </div><div>C派：认为应急消防泵可以设置在舵机间，他们是这样理解II-2/10.2.1.4.1“……应急消防泵及其海水入口、吸水以及送水管和隔离阀应位于机器处所的外部”这里的“机器处所”是指“A类机器处所”。II-2/10. 2.2.3.2.2 “机器处所与应急消防泵及其动力源所在处所之间，不允许有直接通道”，这里的“机器处所”也是指“A类机器处所”。</div><div> </div><div>D派：国际海事组织海上安全委员会的鬼佬不可能这么低智商把“A类机器处所”与“机器处所”相混淆。“A类机器处所”肯定不行，“A类机器处所”之外的其他“机器处所”也不行。假如可以的话，为什么公约不直接写成“A类机器处所”呢？</div><div> </div><div>其实，这不仅仅是理解上的不同，关键是目前全球有上百条C派船舶在营运啊！！！ </div>