西游记之七阿格拉的爱情：泰姬陵与阿格拉红堡

蔡珏

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[{"text":"<h3>      从16世纪到18世纪初，阿格拉一直是统治全印度几百年的莫卧儿帝国的首都所在地，这里融合了登峰造极的艺术成就与刻骨铭心的爱情故事。<\/h3><h3>      泰姬玛哈陵(Taj Mahal)，亦称泰姬陵。是莫卧儿帝国第5代君主——沙·贾汗(Shah Jahan)对他心爱的皇后慕姆塔兹·玛哈尔(Mamtaz Mahal)之爱的见证。据说沙·贾汗与皇后结婚19年，皇后在1630年第14次生产中去世，沙·贾汗伤心至极，为了寄托对她的哀思，沙·贾汗耗资500万卢比，以2万名工匠，花了22年时间，完成了这座震惊世人的旷世建筑，作为爱妃长眠之所。沙·贾汗是一位当之无愧高超的建筑学家，更是一位伟大的艺术家，本国以及波斯、土耳其、阿拉伯巴格达的建筑师、镶嵌师、书法师、雕刻师、泥瓦工共计两万多人参与了泰姬陵的建设。他选用大理石建造泰姬陵，并以十分精妙的手艺在大理石上镶嵌无数宝石作装饰。此工程选用了本国的大理石，中国的宝石、水晶和玉，巴格达和也门的玛瑙，西藏的绿宝石，斯里兰卡的宝石，阿拉伯的珊瑚等。泰姬陵随着季节、时间的变化而变化。黎明时分，泰姬陵呈现出粉红色，似绽放的花朵；中午，泰姬陵呈白色，光芒耀眼；傍晚，泰姬陵呈灰白色，色泽柔和似珍珠。在圆月退去、星斗闪烁天气里，泰姬陵可呈现出白色、琥珀色、灰色、金黄色。在阴云密布的天气里，泰姬陵似冬季空中漂浮的薄雾中的海市蜃楼忽隐忽现。据说，由于泰姬陵在早中晚所呈现出的景色各不同，因此成为了世界上惟一一个早中晚游览票价不一样的景点，对于印度本国游人而言，白天仅20卢比，而早上7时前或下午17时后却都升至110卢比。<\/h3><h3>      泰姬陵占地甚广，由前庭、正门楼、莫卧儿花园、陵墓主体以及两座清真寺所组成。陵墓主殿四角都有圆柱形高塔一座，特别的地方是每座塔均向外倾斜12度，若遇上地震只会向四方倒下，而不会影响主殿。无论在任何角度望去，纯白色的泰姬陵均壮丽无比，造型完美，加上陵前水池中的倒影，就像有两座泰姬陵互相辉映，难怪被誉为世界七大奇观之一。泰姬陵建筑集中了印度、波斯的建筑艺术特点，整个布局完美、和谐，是建筑史上不可多得的杰作。<\/h3>"},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/8444de24e7604134ae37dae6e30790ff__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"text":"<h3>泰姬陵前庭<\/h3>"},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/ca524c3496ed441cbdd3f034231ff86a__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"text":"<h3>泰姬陵正门楼<\/h3>"},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/942075f3dc114d069f6856bf231f90fe__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/770d62fd338c454aab55d5525dc032f3__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"text":"<h3>泰姬陵前的莫卧儿花园。此花园是一个典型的波斯式花园，位于主体前方，中央有一水道喷泉，而且有两行并排的树木把花园划分成4个同样大小的长方型，因为4字在伊斯兰教中有着神圣与平和的意思。<\/h3>"},{"img_height":784,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/a734b1031cf2422ab193046f54edf645__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"text":"<h3>泰戈尔说，泰姬陵是\"永恒面颊上的一滴眼泪\"。<\/h3>"},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/664cc05db0c5409aa58047f85e89d1cc__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"text":"<h3>泰姬陵主体两旁各有一座清真寺，以红砂岩建筑而成，顶部是典型的白色圆顶，而兴建这两座清真寺的主要目的，是为了维持整座泰姬陵建筑的平衡效果，以达到对称之美。<\/h3>"},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/f58b3ead23294ec38f12c1b037917b27__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/7b280f2030a24c0daef3415976d5ea2d__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/15d251b323414f62b4b2c741f2990e38__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"text":"<h3>夕阳余晖下的泰姬陵<\/h3>"},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/b49429c8ee2b41fd994193559d96e7ef__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/e754fedf185749dfb8c9c2be20c7332e__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"text":"<h3>     <\/h3><h3>      阿格拉堡位于亚穆纳河畔的小山丘上，距泰姬陵约15公里，始建于1565年，后经第五代帝王沙·贾汗改建。因系用红砂石筑成，故有"红堡"之称，与首都德里的红堡齐名。这座方圆1.5平方公里的宫堡，外形非常雄伟壮观，堡内的宫殿，虽经历漫长的岁月，多已失修，但画梁和墙壁上精巧的雕刻与设计，仍隐约保存着昔日富丽堂皇的风貌。<\/h3><h3>      阿格拉城堡位于亚穆纳河上游，从这里可以远远地望见位于河下游的泰姬陵。<\/h3>"},{"img_height":1600,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/23f1f64f8f5c4796aabc4295740e13dc__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"text":"<h3>      西边正门是壮丽的德里门，有拱门、护门楼、凉亭和塔柱，<\/h3>"},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/e075865b4d5a43fca8b010595eb9ee91__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":662,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/52795c9f358047928042df8f2412eecc__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":1600,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/6422943cb1634682abed43027c4dcb4f__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/473160f5add1474a8d50a1d308773c4c__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":1600,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/773413fba6424e949c87352fd7e72f2b__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/4641470377cc45ce830a59a25955ffe3__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":1600,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/ae1b4f3a1cc941bbb30591eb3d47ab8e__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":1560,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/7346fb51ca3141c1bd9d37f1d218212b__jpg.heic","img_width":1108},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/eb7460bd975849c68884a26642519601__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"text":"<h3>金亭。屋顶是金顶。<\/h3>"},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/5e1c0f2a226a41b09708754e3f35636e__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"text":"<h3>莫迪清真寺（MotiMasjid），因用纯白色大理石建筑而成，精致典雅，故又称珍珠清真寺<\/h3>"},{"img_height":1600,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/dec970e1c3d545f9839a8c713d3c1d09__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"text":"<h3>镶嵌着各色宝石的精美纹饰<\/h3>"},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/30ca862618174c3ea8aab17ba5b1ccb8__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"text":"<h3>雕刻精美的镂空窗花<\/h3>"},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/59e5c29b7b6040619698d029d972fdf8__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"text":"<h3>内宫是娱乐宫，主要是帝王、王妃和公主休息、游玩和娱乐的场所<\/h3>"},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/be6cbb75541e49939decdd789e20a6f2__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/56f7c65bbb5b45548b991a0fdbd5a6d6__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/8354f4cc630148b5b573a8365b20bda1__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"text":"<h3>著名的觐见宫，是莫卧儿皇帝接待达官贵人、王公大臣和外国使节的地方。殿内墙正中间有一壁龛，它的前面是国王的大理石宝座，高3米，上面雕刻着花鸟、树木等浮雕。<\/h3>"},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/3ca7f0e1b43a4a9fa64cf4c3bd0e40ea__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/625dbaac81694fd08f27470201877262__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/79d61de282224c6faf2ac65583c7ca45__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"text":"<h3>皇帝宝座后上方漂亮的壁龛<\/h3>"},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/2ad1da6fb08c41869b9f2f1558b80c84__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/f61c9f7fe04f47ad9c006d666c6a5bac__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/4470b57fdd1647d1b20d83dca901ab70__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"text":"<h3>枢密宫是皇帝和大臣们议事的地方，全都用大理石砌成，三面是由正方形柱组成的拱门，另一面是绣雕方形窗户，雕刻的画面是典型的伊斯兰式建筑图案。<\/h3>"},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/5971fbd53ed9430996e8ae03751e0e17__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/ab2c88fe60c0458c91ca62af57f9e68e__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/a38192ff586a49e18a752bbc85bdaf0e__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/1f004715e6154776a39f7215dd32c90c__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"img_height":900,"img_url":"https:\/\/ss-mpvolc.meipian.me\/users\/6502002\/9a921242eff44fee96f730be1bb26d8c__jpg.heic","img_width":1200},{"text":"<h3>      从阿格拉红堡可以远远望见泰姬陵。有说沙·贾汗于泰姬陵完成后，更有意为自己建一座纯黑大理石材质，结构相同的陵墓，与之遥遥相对。然而，他的儿子奥朗则布于他晚年篡位夺权，并将他囚禁于阿格拉堡内八年，甚至不让他看到泰姬陵，据说，沙·贾汗每晚只能透过一块大水晶石的折射，凝望数公里外的陵墓，让这座美丽的城堡成了世界上最华美的\"囚牢\"。<\/h3><h3>     <\/h3><h3>      这是一座忧伤的城堡……<\/h3>"}]