<p class="ql-block">一、被动语态核心概念</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">被动语态：主语是动作的承受者（被……）</p><p class="ql-block">主动：A does B </p><p class="ql-block">A做B</p><p class="ql-block">被动：B is done by A </p><p class="ql-block">B被A做</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">主动：We clean the classroom. 我们打扫教室。</p><p class="ql-block">被动：The classroom is cleaned by us. 教室被我们打扫。</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">✅被动语态基本结构：be + 过去分词 (done)</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">be动词随时态、人称、单复数变化；过去分词不变。</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">时态 被动结构 例句 </p><p class="ql-block">一般现在时</p><p class="ql-block">am / is / are + done </p><p class="ql-block">Trees are planted every year. </p><p class="ql-block">一般过去时 </p><p class="ql-block">was / were + done </p><p class="ql-block">The letter was sent yesterday. </p><p class="ql-block">一般将来时 </p><p class="ql-block">will be + done / be going to be done </p><p class="ql-block">A meeting will be held tomorrow. </p><p class="ql-block">含情态动词 </p><p class="ql-block">情态动词(can/may/must/should) + be + done </p><p class="ql-block">Rules must be followed. </p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">重点：by +动作执行者，常翻译为“被……”，可省略。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">二、中考高频考点</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">1. 感官动词、使役动词（主动不带to，被动要加to）</p><p class="ql-block">see / watch / hear / make / let / have</p><p class="ql-block">主动：make sb do sth</p><p class="ql-block">被动：sb be made to do sth</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">He made me cry. → I was made to cry.</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">2. 不及物动词无被动：happen, take place, appear, come out，没有被动语态</p><p class="ql-block">❌ An accident was happened.</p><p class="ql-block">✅ An accident happened.</p><p class="ql-block">3. 短语动词变被动，介词不能丢</p><p class="ql-block">look after → be looked after; take care of → be taken care of</p><p class="ql-block">The baby is looked after well.</p><p class="ql-block">4. 双宾语被动：give sb sth → sb be given sth / sth be given to sb</p><p class="ql-block">5. 否定：be not + done；疑问：Be +主语+done…?</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">三、过去分词不规则必背（中考高频）</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">do→done；make→made；see→seen；write→written；speak→spoken；break→broken；eat→eaten；take→taken；build→built</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">四、练习题（中考难度，单选+动词适当形式填空）</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">一、单项选择</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">1. A lot of trees ____ every spring.</p><p class="ql-block">A. plant B. are planted C. planted</p><p class="ql-block">2. The letter ____ by my father yesterday.</p><p class="ql-block">A. wrote B. was written C. is written</p><p class="ql-block">3. This bridge ____ next year.</p><p class="ql-block">A. will build B. will be built C. is built</p><p class="ql-block">4. The work ____ soon.</p><p class="ql-block">A. can finish B. can be finished C. finishes</p><p class="ql-block">5. The little boy ____ to clean the room by his mother.</p><p class="ql-block">A. made B. was made C. was made to</p><p class="ql-block">6. Great changes ____ in our hometown in the past ten years.</p><p class="ql-block">A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. took place</p><p class="ql-block">7. —Who is that girl?</p><p class="ql-block">—She ____ Lily. She ____ to our class last week.</p><p class="ql-block">A. is; was introduced B. was; introduced C. is; introduced</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">二、用所给动词适当形式填空</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">8. Many books ________ (send) to the poor school last month.</p><p class="ql-block">9. English ________ (speak) all over the world.</p><p class="ql-block">10. A new hospital ________ (build) in our town next year.</p><p class="ql-block">11. The homework must ________ (finish) before dinner.</p><p class="ql-block">12. The old man ________ (see) to enter the room just now.</p><p class="ql-block">13. This kind of car ________ (make) in China.</p><p class="ql-block">14. The window ________ (break) by Tom yesterday.</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">三、句型转换（主动变被动）</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">15. People grow rice in the south.</p><p class="ql-block">Rice ______ ______ in the south.</p><p class="ql-block">16. We will hold a sports meeting next week.</p><p class="ql-block">A sports meeting ______ ______ ______ next week.</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">✅答案+解析</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">1. B every spring一般现在时；trees和plant是被动，are planted</p><p class="ql-block">2. B yesterday一般过去时；letter被写，was written</p><p class="ql-block">3. B next year将来时，桥将被建造 will be built</p><p class="ql-block">4. B 情态动词can，工作能够被完成 can be finished</p><p class="ql-block">5. C make被动要加to；be made to do 被迫做…</p><p class="ql-block">6. A take place无被动，in the past ten years用现在完成时</p><p class="ql-block">7. A 第一空陈述事实用is；last week，她被介绍进班级was introduced</p><p class="ql-block">8. were sent last month一般过去时，复数books → were sent</p><p class="ql-block">9. is spoken 一般现在时被动，英语被说</p><p class="ql-block">10. will be built 将来时被动，医院将要被建造</p><p class="ql-block">11. be finished 情态动词must + be done</p><p class="ql-block">12. was seen 刚才被看见；see sb do 被动 be seen to do</p><p class="ql-block">13. is made 一般现在时，这种车由中国制造</p><p class="ql-block">14. was broken 昨天，窗户被打碎</p><p class="ql-block">15. is grown</p><p class="ql-block">16. will be held</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">背诵口诀</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">被动语态be done，be随时态人称变；</p><p class="ql-block">情态动词be中间，过去分词永不变；</p><p class="ql-block">make/see主动省to，被动to要还原；</p><p class="ql-block">happen无被动，短语介词不能断。</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block"><br></p>