哈图艺海寻踪：芝加哥亚洲艺术遗产博物馆漫步记（二十二）

红山文化专业委员会

编辑：旭东顺喜铭台刊发：旭东 首先致谢梅英明先生 Jeffrey May美国芝加哥亚洲艺术遗产博物馆创始人汪涛博士 Dr. Tao Wang芝加哥艺术博物馆亚洲拓展事务执行总裁亚洲艺术部普利兹克专席主任中国艺术总策展人 芝加哥亚洲艺术遗产博物馆经典藏品（十七）哈图｜整理 017A YELLOW GREEN JADE EAR ORNAMENT, JUE新石器時代/興隆窪文化 黃玉耳飾玦Neolithic Period / Xinglongwa CultureWidth 5.5 cm. 　　此件玉玦為黃綠色玉質，受光可微透。器呈環形，一側開缺，兩端作刃狀。器身輕薄，通體素面無紋。 玉玦多見於新石器時代，以及商、周至春秋、戰國時期墓葬之中，常置於死者耳部作耳飾使用。在興隆窪遺址四號墓中，一名少女右眼眶內嵌有玉玦，顯示玉玦尚具有其他特殊用途。古代佩缺亦被賦予多重象徵意涵，如象徵決斷之能，或表達堅定決意。 早期玉缺一般形制較小，多素面無紋，出土時多見於人骨耳部位置。亦有作動物形之玉缺，器體較厚且體量較大，部分缺口仍相連未完全開斷。 從更宏觀的地理範圍觀察，距今約八千年至四千年的史前東亞地區，玉玦廣泛出土於中國南北各地，以及臺灣、日本與韓國等地，形成所謂的「玉缺文化圈」。玉缺除具裝飾功能外，亦具有重要的禮儀意義。古人相信玉能通達天地神靈，具有承受天命、溝通神意的象徵。 　　The jade shouqin is in yellow-green jade quality that can be seen through the light. The vessel is round, with a notch on one side and blade-like edges on both sides. The whole body is light and without decoration. Jade jues are often found in the Neolithic Age and in tombs of the Shang, Zhou, Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. They were often placed on the ears of the deceased as earrings. There is a jade jue embedded in the right eye socket of the girl in Tomb No. 4 at the Xinglongwa site, indicating another use of jade jue. In ancient times, Peijue also had many meanings, such as indicating the ability to make decisions and expressing determination. Early jade jues generally have no decorations and are small in shape. When they are unearthed, they are mostly found on the ears of human skulls. However, there are also animal-shaped jues, which are thicker and larger, and some gaps are still connected. On a larger geographical scale, in prehistoric East Asia from 8,000 years ago to 4,000 years ago, jade jues were unearthed in the north, south and northern and southern China, Taiwan, Japan and Korea, and there was a jue cultural circle. The jade jue not only has a decorative effect, but also has a powerful ceremonial function. The ancients believed that the jade can be used to obey the instructions of Heaven or gods. 文献源于：芝加哥亚洲艺术遗产博物馆《鸟兽与礼器》 兴隆洼文化新石器时代文化 兴隆洼文化是分布于是内蒙古及东北地区的新石器时代文化，因首次发现于内蒙古自治区赤峰市原敖汉旗宝国吐乡（现兴隆洼镇）兴隆洼村而得名，距今8200——7400年，经济形态除农耕外兼狩猎、采集。 兴隆洼遗址是内蒙古及东北地区时代较早、保存最好的新石器时代聚落遗址，总面积3.5万平方米，遗址周围有人工围沟，围沟内有成排平行排列的房屋，房址最大的140平方米。讨论出土陶器均为夹砂陶，深筒直腹罐和钵为其典型器物，并有玉玦、玉斧、玉锛等玉器出土。