<p class="ql-block">继续我的地中海之行…</p><p class="ql-block">从小就经常说，条条大路通罗马，没想到通罗马的这一天真的来了，而把我带到罗马的路是水路👍</p><p class="ql-block">第一站就是罗马斗兽场， 这个多次在青少年时期从古典名著中读到， 一直向往的地方</p><p class="ql-block">记得《你往何处去》（Quo Vadis）</p><p class="ql-block">诺贝尔文学奖作品，描写尼禄时期基督徒被投入竞技场喂狮子的情节；虽然斗兽场当时尚未建成（尼禄死后才开工），但小说和后来的电影都让读者把这段情节与斗兽场紧密联系在一起。</p><p class="ql-block">最熟悉的 《斯巴达克斯》（Spartacus）</p><p class="ql-block">描写角斗士起义，虽然历史时间早于斗兽场建成，但书中大量描写角斗士训练和竞技场搏杀，是现代读者最常联想到斗兽场的小说之一。</p><p class="ql-block">还有拜伦的著名长诗 《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》（Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage）</p><p class="ql-block">他在罗马参观斗兽场废墟后写下了“垂死的角斗士”等经典段落，以及那句广为流传的诗：“只要斗兽场还在，罗马就还在；斗兽场倒了，罗马也就倒了……”</p><p class="ql-block">这次虽说是走马观花， 也还是尽量把可以拍到的角度都尽量记录下来👍</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">斗兽场（正式名称是弗拉维圆形剧场）是有史以来建造过的最大圆形剧场，也是古罗马现存最著名的标志性建筑。</p><p class="ql-block">它大约在公元70–72年由维斯帕先皇帝下令开工，建在尼禄“金宫”私人人工湖的原址上。公元80年由其子提图斯举行落成典礼，连续举办100天的竞技活动；后来图密善又加建了第四层。工程部分资金来自耶路撒冷被 sack 后的战利品，大量使用了奴隶劳工。 </p><p class="ql-block">这座椭圆形建筑长约189米、宽约156米，原高约48–50米，可容纳5万至8万名观众。观众通过80个编号拱门进出，借助高效的“呕吐口”（vomitoria）通道可在短时间内疏散。顶部还有可收放的遮阳篷（velarium），由水手操作。 </p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">这里曾举办角斗士对决、猛兽狩猎、公开处决，早期甚至进行过模拟海战。这些活动持续了数百年，直到5–6世纪才逐渐停止。西罗马帝国灭亡后，斗兽场先后被用作堡垒、采石场，后来成为基督教纪念地。如今它是联合国教科文组织世界遗产，也被列入“世界新七大奇迹”，每年吸引数百万游客。</p><p class="ql-block">外墙至今仍能看到三层拱廊（多立克、爱奥尼亚、科林斯柱式）以及顶层。一侧外墙大部分已缺失，因为历史上长期被当作建筑材料来源。</p><p class="ql-block">内部的竞技场地面已经不复存在，露出了地下两层的“地下通道系统”（hypogeum）——当年用来关押野兽、准备布景并用升降装置把它们送上舞台的隧道网络。</p><p class="ql-block">斗兽场至今仍是罗马工程技术、帝国盛典与这座城市层层历史的象征。</p> <p class="ql-block">The Colosseum (officially the Flavian Amphitheatre) is the largest amphitheatre ever built and the most iconic surviving monument of ancient Rome. </p><p class="ql-block">Construction began around 70–72 CE under Emperor Vespasian on the site of Nero’s private lake in the Domus Aurea. It was inaugurated in 80 CE by his son Titus with 100 days of games, and Domitian later added the fourth story. It was funded in part by plunder from the sack of Jerusalem and built largely by enslaved labor. </p><p class="ql-block">The elliptical structure measures about 189 by 156 meters and originally stood roughly 48–50 meters high. It could hold an estimated 50,000–80,000 spectators, who entered through 80 numbered arches and could exit in minutes thanks to an efficient system of vomitoria. A retractable awning (velarium) provided shade, operated by sailors. </p> <p class="ql-block">It hosted gladiatorial combats, animal hunts, executions, and even mock naval battles in its early years. Games continued for centuries until they faded in the 5th–6th centuries. After the fall of the Western Empire it was used as a fortress, quarry, and later a Christian site of memory. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the New Seven Wonders of the World, drawing millions of visitors each year.</p><p class="ql-block">The exterior still shows the three tiers of arches (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian) plus the attic story. Much of the outer wall on one side is gone, stripped for building materials over the centuries.</p><p class="ql-block">Inside, the arena floor is gone, exposing the hypogeum — the two-level underground network of tunnels, cages, and elevators that once lifted animals and scenery into the arena.</p><p class="ql-block">The Colosseum remains a powerful symbol of Roman engineering, imperial spectacle, and the city’s layered history. Want details on visiting, the hypogeum tours, reconstructions, or how it compared to other Roman amphitheatres?</p> <p class="ql-block">希望您喜欢今天的分享🙏</p>