【古诗解读24】盼燕·来燕·芍药

李永吉

<p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">盼燕</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:18px; color:rgb(1, 1, 1);">【清】李世治</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">一辞秋社到于今,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">独对泥污去岁琴。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">院静梁空春寂寂,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">梨花零落柳阴深。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:18px; color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">【眉批】清丽。两桥。</span><span style="font-size:18px; color:rgb(1, 1, 1);">(陈毓棡)</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">【注释】</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">①秋社,秋天祭祀土地神的日子,时间大致在秋分前后。此处指秋季天凉后燕子离开的时间。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">②泥污,此处指用烂泥筑成的燕巢。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">窗外已是梨花开罢,柳绿成荫,而梁上的燕巢里还是空荡荡的,我家的燕子也快飞回来了吧?</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">来燕</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:18px; color:rgb(1, 1, 1);">【清】李世治</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">忽听呢喃软语频,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">一庭衣木顿精神。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">初来颇带生疏意,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">偷向巢边觑主人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:18px; color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">【眉批】工于赋物。两桥。</span><span style="font-size:18px; color:rgb(1, 1, 1);">(陈毓棡)</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">【注释】</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">①呢喃,象声词,此处指燕子的叫声。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">②软语,柔和的声音。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">③觑,偷偷地看。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">此诗用拟人化手法,赋予燕子以人的行为和动作,写燕子初来,柔声细语,探出头来偷看主人。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">芍药</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:18px; color:rgb(1, 1, 1);">【清】李世治</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">万紫千红竞物华,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">殿春才放几枝斜。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">分明婪尾传余力,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">疑是东风漏却花。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">【注释】</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">①殿春,春末,晚春。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">②婪尾,即芍药花。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">③去岁,去年。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">④漏却,遗漏。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">此诗写芍药努了一把力,才在晚春时节开了花,好像是春风把它遗漏了一样。</b></p>