<p class="ql-block">葛底斯堡演说(Gettysburg Address)是美国前总统亚伯拉罕·林肯最著名的演说,也是美国历史上为人引用最多之演说。1863年11月19日,林肯在宾夕法尼亚州的葛底斯堡的葛底斯堡国家公墓揭幕式中发表此次演说,哀悼在葛底斯堡之役中阵亡的将士。尽管这场演说名垂青史,声震寰宇,其确切之措辞却颇受争议。</p><p class="ql-block">葛底斯堡演讲,只有10句话,只有272个单词。林肯演讲用时不到三分钟。当时,谁也没有想到,林肯这篇演讲,像核反应堆一样,在随后的150多年里,爆发出巨大的能量。</p> <p class="ql-block">葛底斯堡演说英文原文</p><p class="ql-block">Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.</p><p class="ql-block">Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.</p><p class="ql-block">But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate—we cannot consecrate—we cannot hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.</p> <p class="ql-block">中文译文(较通俗版)</p><p class="ql-block">八十七年前(four score and seven = 87),我们的先辈在这片大陆上建立了一个新国家。这个国家诞生于自由,并奉行这样一个信念:</p><p class="ql-block">人人生而平等。</p><p class="ql-block">如今,我们正在经历一场伟大的内战,考验着这个国家——或者任何建立在这种理念上的国家——是否能够长久存在。</p><p class="ql-block">我们今天聚集在这场战争的一处伟大战场上。我们来到这里,是为了把这片土地的一部分献给那些为国家生存而献出生命的人,作为他们最后的安息之地。这样做完全合适。</p> <p class="ql-block">但是,从更深层的意义上说,我们无法真正赋予这片土地神圣——我们无法使它更庄严、更崇高。</p><p class="ql-block">因为那些曾在这里战斗的勇士,无论生者还是死者,早已使这里神圣化了,远非我们所能增减分毫。</p><p class="ql-block">世界也许不会太在意、也不会长久记住我们今天说了什么,</p><p class="ql-block">但永远不会忘记他们在这里做了什么。</p><p class="ql-block">对我们这些活着的人来说,更重要的是继续完成他们尚未完成的事业。</p><p class="ql-block">我们应当从这些受尊敬的逝者身上汲取更大的奉献精神,献身于他们为之奋斗的事业。</p> <p class="ql-block">我们在这里郑重立誓:</p><p class="ql-block">这些逝者不会白白牺牲;这个国家将在上帝庇佑下迎来自由的新生;</p><p class="ql-block">并且——最著名的一句</p><p class="ql-block">government of the people, by the people, for the people</p><p class="ql-block">民有、民治、民享的政府</p><p class="ql-block">shall not perish from the earth</p><p class="ql-block">必将长存于世。</p> <p class="ql-block">为什么这篇演说这么伟大?</p><p class="ql-block">我觉得有三点特别震撼:</p><p class="ql-block">短,却极其有力量</p><p class="ql-block">没有长篇大论,句句像刻在石头上。把战争提升到了价值层面</p><p class="ql-block">林肯不是只讲胜负,而是在讲:</p><p class="ql-block">民主能否存活?自由能否延续?最后一句几乎定义了现代民主</p><p class="ql-block">“of / by / for” 这三个短词影响了全世界。</p><p class="ql-block">很多美国学生都会背诵这篇演说,它在美国的地位,有点类似中国人熟知的历史经典名篇。</p><p class="ql-block">顺便一提,林肯本人并不认为这场演讲会流传千古——结果恰恰相反。</p><p class="ql-block">他说完坐下后,现场安静了几秒,后来全世界都记住了这272个词。</p>