英语非谓语动词（to do/doing/done/）

肥城杜老师（中学英语）

非谓语动词（动名词Doing、不定式To do、分词Doing/Done）是每年的必考大项，通常雷打不动地占据单项选择、完形填空或词汇运用中的 2-3 分。其实，这部分的考查绝大多数都属于“死要求”，只要把核心的固定搭配记牢，就能轻松拿下满分。

下面为你梳理出中考最核心、出现频率最高的“非谓语三大军团”固定搭配，帮你一举突破。

一、动名词军团：只能接 Doing 的核心搭配这类动词后面如果需要跟另一个动作，必须用动名词（v-ing）形式，作它们的宾语。

1. 核心高频动词（口诀记忆：心享完，介免迟）enjoy doing sth.喜欢/享受做某事finish doing sth.完成做某事mind doing sth.介意做某事(中考常考：Would you mind opening the window?)practice doing sth.练习做某事keep doing sth.一直做某事avoid doing sth.避免做某事consider doing sth.考虑做某事suggest doing sth.建议做某事

2. 经典高频短语（含介词的固定搭配）因为介词后面必须接名词或动名词，所以以下短语中的to都是介词，后面千万别接原形！look forward to doing sth.期待做某事（中考陷阱：这个to不是不定式符号！）be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事feel like doing sth.想要做某事(等同于want to do)can't help doing sth.不禁/忍不住做某事be busy doing sth.忙于做某事

二、不定式军团：只能接 To do 的核心搭配这类动词后面紧跟另一个动作时，必须用动词不定式（to +动词原形）。

1. 核心高频动词（通常表示“未来的、计划的、倾向的”动作）want / would like to do sth.想要做某事decide to do sth.决定做某事hope / wish / expect to do sth.希望/期待做某事plan to do sth.计划做某事refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事fail to do sth.未能做某事agree to do sth.同意做某事choose to do sth.选择做某事2. 中考必看特殊句型It takes sb. some time to do sth.花费某人时间做某事It's + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.做某事对某人来说是……的too... to...太……而不能……（too old to go to school）...enough to do sth.足够……可以做某事（old enough to go to school）疑问词+ to do构成不定式短语（I don't know what to do.）

三、双栖军团：接 Doing 和 To do 含义截然不同（最易失分点）这类词是中考最喜欢在语境中考查的辨析点，含义差别巨大。

动词接 To do（表示动作尚未发生/去做另一事）

接 Doing（表示动作已经发生/正在做）

forgetforget to do 忘记要去做某事（没做）forget doing 忘记曾做过某事（做了）rememberremember to do 记得要做某事（还没做）remember doing 记得曾做过某事（做过了）stopstop to do 停下来去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事trytry to do 努力、尽力去做某事（不一定成功）try doing 尝试做某事（看有什么结果）regretregret to do 遗憾地要通知/做某事regret doing 后悔曾做过某事

四、省略 To 的不定式军团（使役、感官动词）在中考里，有些动词作复合宾语时，要求宾语补足语用动词原形（即省略 to 的不定式）。

1. 使役动词（让、使、叫）：let, make, havelet / make / have sb. do sth.让/使某人做某事

注意被动语态陷阱：

在被动语态中，省略的to必须还原。

主动：Our teacher makes usworkhard.被动：We are madeto workhard.

2. 感官动词：see, hear, watch, notice, feel这类词既可以接动词原形，也可以接doing，中考考查它们的含义微调：see sb. do sth.看到某人做了某事（强调全过程或经常发生）see sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事（强调动作正在发生）

��中考实战演练

1.— Remember ________ the lights when you leave the classroom.— OK, I won't forget.

A. to turn off B. turning off C. turn off2. Our English teacher always practices ________ English with us in class.

A. speak B. speaking C. to speak

3. The heavy snow made the passengers ________ for several hours at the airport.A. wait B. to wait C. waiting

答案解析：1.A。根据语境“离开时”，说明关灯动作还没发生，表示“记得要做某事”，用 remember to do。2.B。practice属于只能接动名词的固定搭配，practice doing sth.。3.A。make是使役动词，其后接宾语补足语用动词原形（不带 to 的不定式）。

练习题��

第一层：基础稳拿分—— 动名词与不定式单选（单一考点）掌握“只能接 doing”或“只能接 to do”的肌肉记忆。

1.My mother advises me ________ more vegetables and fruit to keep healthy.A. eat B. eating C. to eat D. ate

2. — Why are you in such a hurry, Lily?— To avoid ________ the school bus. It leaves in ten minutes.A.missing B. to miss C. miss D. missed

3.We are all looking forward to ________ the exciting football match this weekend.A. watch B. watching C. to watch D. watched

4. The young man chose ________ in a rural village instead of working in a big city. A. teach B. taught C. teaching D. to teach

⚠️ 第二层：语境辨析圈 —— 双栖动词语义微调（易错考点）通过上下文的语境（时间、前后因果）来判断动作是“发生了”还是“未发生”。

5.— I usually see you walk to school. Why are you taking a taxi today?— Oh, I broke my left leg yesterday, so I must stop ________.A.walking B. to walk C. walk D. walks

6.— Remember ________ your homework to school tomorrow, Tom.— Okay, I will. I've already finished it.A.bringing B. to bring C. bring D. brought

7.I clearly remember ________ the door when I left, but now it's open. Someone must have been here.A.to lock B. locking C. lock D. locked

8.He was tired and hungry, so he stopped ________ a short rest and eat something.A. having B. have C. to have D. had

⚡ 第三层：高能避坑指南 —— 省略 to、特殊句型与被动变身（压轴考点）针对使役动词、感官动词以及中考固定句型的变形考查。

9.The funny video made all the students ________ out laughing during the break.A. burst B. to burst C. bursting D. bursted

10. In China, teenagers under 18 are not allowed ________ bikes with electric motors.A. ride B. riding C. to ride D. rode

11. On my way back home, I saw a boy ________ basketball on the court. He plays so well! A. play B. playing C. to play D. played

12 . The strict teacher makes us read English every morning. (改为被动语态) We are made ________ English every morning by the strict teacher.A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads

✍️ 第四层：实战能力飙升 —— 词汇运用/语法填空（综合输出）不给选项，根据句意用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

13.It takes her about forty minutes ________________ (walk) to the library every Saturday.

14.Don't worry about ________________ (fail) the exam. Just do your best.

15. He practiced ________________ (speak) English every day, and now he can speak fluently.

16. The weather is too cold for us ________________ (go) swimming in the river.

��答案与核心解析第一层：

1.C。advise sb. to do sth.固定搭配，“建议某人做某事”。2.A。avoid doing sth.固定搭配，“避免做某事”。3.B。look forward to中的to是介词，后面必须接动名词doing。4.D。choose to do sth.固定搭配，“选择做某事”。

第二层：5.A。根据语境“我昨天腿断了”，所以必须“停止正在做的事（走路）”，用 stop doing。6.B。根据时间词tomorrow可知，带作业的动作还没发生，表示“记得要做某事”，用 remember to do。7.B。根据“when I left”（当我离开时）和后文 “but now it's open”，说明锁门的动作已经做过了，表示“记得曾做过某事”，用 remember doing。8.C。句意为“他又累又饿，所以停下（手头的事）去休息和吃东西”，用 stop to do表示目的。

第三层：9.A。make sb. do sth.，使役动词后面接省略 to 的不定式（动词原形）。10.C。考查固定句型allow sb. to do sth.的被动语态be allowed to do sth.（被允许做某事）。11.B。根据后文“他打得真好”，说明说话人看到了他“正在打球”的生动场景，用 see sb. doing sth.强调动作正在进行。12.C。【中考必杀陷阱】主动语态中make sb. do省略了 to；但在被动语态中，to必须还原，即be made to do sth.。

第四层：13.to walk。句型It takes sb. time to do sth.（做某事花费某人时间）。14.failing。about是介词，介词后面紧跟动名词doing。15.speaking。practice doing sth.练习做某事。16.to go。固定句型too... to...（太……而不能……）。