汉语vs. English ~~触觉，sense of touching

一夫

人类的触觉，主要是通过手及皮肤完成。美国有个海伦•凯勒，聋、盲、哑，却能够把手放在钢琴上，感知钢琴的颤动，从而领略欣赏音乐的美妙。人的触觉神经丰富，相应的表达也非常丰富。

下面的内容由Deepseek 生成。

这是一份关于人类通过手、皮肤等触觉感官感触外部世界的详细词汇表，涵盖感觉类型、材质描述、动作与反应等多个方面。

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一、基础触觉感官分类

1. 触觉：广义的皮肤接触感觉。

2. 体感：包括触觉、温度觉、痛觉、本体感觉（感知身体位置和运动）等。

3. 手感：特指用手触摸物体时的综合感受。

二、物理属性感受（描述物体）

1. 质地/纹理

· 光滑：如丝绸、玻璃。

· 粗糙：如砂纸、树皮。

· 细腻：如粉末、婴儿肌肤。

· 凹凸不平：如卵石路、浮雕。

· 有颗粒感：如盐、某些砂岩。

· 顺滑/柔顺：如梳理好的毛发。

· 毛糙/扎手：如毛衣内衬、干草。

· 黏腻/粘手：如胶水、蜂蜜。

2. 软硬度

· 柔软：如棉花、海绵。

· 坚硬：如钢铁、岩石。

· 坚实：如紧实的肌肉、硬面包。

· 松软：如蛋糕、蓬松的土壤。

· 富有弹性：如橡胶球、乳胶。

· 僵硬：如冻硬的肉、干透的黏土。

· 柔韧：如皮革、竹条。

3. 温度觉

· 冰冷 / 冰凉：如冰块、金属。

· 温热 / 温暖：如阳光下的石头、体温。

· 滚烫 / 灼热：如开水、火焰。

· 清凉：如薄荷膏、玉石。

· 恒温：感觉不到温度变化。

4. 湿度觉

· 干燥：如沙漠空气、粉笔。

· 潮湿：如雨后泥土、毛巾。

· 湿润：如晨露、水果表面。

· 湿透 / 浸湿：如水中捞起的衣服。

· 油腻：如机油、黄油。

· 清爽：无油腻、干燥舒适的感觉。

5. 压力与力反馈

· 沉重 / 有分量。

· 轻盈 / 轻若无物。

· 紧绷：如拉紧的绳子、小了的鞋子。

· 松弛：如松开的弹簧。

· 坚硬与柔软（也属软硬度，但强调反作用力）。

· 有弹性 / 有回弹。

三、主观感受与反应（描述人的感觉）

1. 舒适愉悦

· 舒服 / 舒适。

· 柔和 / 温柔：如轻抚。

· 抚慰 / 安抚性的触摸。

· 惬意 / 享受。

· 丝滑般 / 天鹅绒般的触感（比喻）。

2. 不适与疼痛

· 疼痛：刺痛、钝痛、灼痛、绞痛、阵痛。

· 痒：瘙痒、刺痒、发痒。

· 麻：麻木、酥麻、针刺感（如“腿麻了”）。

· 酸胀：如肌肉疲劳。

· 刺激：如辣椒素接触皮肤。

· 不适：说不清的不舒服感。

· 恶心的触感（如某些黏滑物）。

3. 其他复杂感觉

· 震动感：如手机振动、声波。

· 脉动感：如脉搏跳动。

· 掠过感：如风吹汗毛。

· 存在感：能感觉到某物接触，但很轻微。

四、相关动作与探索

1. 主动触摸动作

· 摸 / 抚摸：一般性动作。

· 搓 / 揉：施加压力并移动。

· 捏：用指尖和拇指夹住。

· 按 / 压：施加垂直压力。

· 抓 / 握：用手包裹或握住。

· 挠：轻抓使发痒。

· 刮：用指甲或硬物划过。

· 拍 / 轻拍。

· 触碰 / 接触：最基础的接触。

· 摩挲：来回轻轻抚摸。

· 掂量：通过上下微动感受重量。

五、专业与科学术语

1. 感觉受体：触觉小体、环层小体、游离神经末梢等。

2. 感觉类型：机械感觉、伤害性感觉（痛觉）、温度感觉。

3. 感知现象：

· 两点辨别觉：能分辨皮肤上两个相邻接触点的最小距离。

· 触觉定位：准确指出被触碰部位的能力。

· 触觉敏化/习惯化：对持续刺激变得敏感或麻木。

· 联觉：一种感觉引发另一种感觉（如看见颜色感到温度）。

六、文化与修辞表达

· “扎手”：比喻事情难办或人难对付。

· “烫手山芋”：比喻棘手的问题。

· “如履薄冰”：形容谨慎，源自薄冰上行走的触感与心理。

· “温暖人心”：将物理温暖引申为心理感受。

· “起鸡皮疙瘩”：既描述寒冷或恐惧时的皮肤反应，也形容激动或反感。

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这份词汇表展现了触觉的丰富维度，它不仅是物理信息的接收，更与情感记忆、文化隐喻紧密相连。从细微的纹理差异到强烈的痛觉，触觉是我们连接世界、理解物质属性与确保自身安全的基础感官。

Here is a comprehensive list of expressions concerning the human sense of touch, organized by category for clarity.

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I. General Touch Sensations

1. Touch / Feel – The basic act of perceiving through physical contact.

· Example: "She reached out to touch the fabric."

2. Tactile – Relating to the sense of touch.

· Example: "The book has a tactile cover with raised lettering."

3. Texture – The feel or consistency of a surface.

· Example: "The texture of the wood was rough and grainy."

4. Physical Contact – Any interaction involving touch.

· Example: "The therapy involves gentle physical contact."

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II. Descriptions of Surface & Material Feel

A. Texture & Consistency

1. Smooth – Even and free of roughness.

2. Rough – Uneven or abrasive.

3. Soft – Yielding easily to pressure; pleasant to touch.

4. Hard – Firm and resistant to pressure.

5. Slimy / Slippery – Wet and smooth in an unpleasant way.

6. Sticky / Tacky – Adhesive or slightly adhesive.

7. Gritty – Containing small, hard particles (like sand).

8. Fuzzy / Fuzzy – Covered with soft, short fibers.

9. Prickly / Spiky – Having sharp points.

10. Velvety / Silky – Smooth, soft, and luxurious.

B. Temperature Sensations

1. Warm / Hot – Having a high temperature.

2. Cold / Cool – Having a low temperature.

3. Lukewarm / Tepid – Mildly warm.

4. Freezing / Icy – Extremely cold.

5. Scorching / Burning – Extremely hot.

6. Clammy – Unpleasantly damp and cool.

C. Moisture & Wetness

1. Dry – Free from moisture.

2. Wet / Damp / Moist – Containing moisture.

3. Soaked / Soggy – Thoroughly wet.

4. Oily / Greasy – Coated with oil or fat.

D. Pressure & Firmness

1. Firm / Solid – Resistant to pressure.

2. Spongy / Squishy – Soft and compressible.

3. Fluffy – Light and airy.

4. Heavy – Having substantial weight.

5. Light / Weightless – Having little weight.

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III. Bodily Sensations & Reactions

A. Pleasant or Neutral

1. Tingly – A slight prickling or thrilling sensation.

2. Ticklish – Sensitive to light touching, often causing laughter.

3. Soothing / Comforting – Producing a feeling of relief or ease.

4. Invigorating – Making one feel refreshed or energized.

B. Unpleasant or Painful

1. Pain – Physical suffering or discomfort.

· Ache – A dull, persistent pain.

· Throb – A rhythmic, pulsating pain.

· Sting – A sharp, burning pain (e.g., from an insect).

· Prick / Puncture – A small, sharp pain.

· Burn – A sensation caused by heat or friction.

2. Itchy – Causing a desire to scratch.

3. Numb – Lacking sensation.

4. Tender / Sore – Painful when touched.

5. Cramped – Muscles contracting painfully.

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IV. Actions Related to Touch

1. Caress / Stroke – To touch gently with affection.

2. Pat – To touch lightly with an open hand.

3. Squeeze – To press firmly.

4. Pinch – To grip tightly between thumb and finger.

5. Rub – To move one's hand back and forth on a surface.

6. Scratch – To rub with fingernails to relieve itching.

7. Tap – To strike lightly.

8. Embrace / Hug – To hold closely in one's arms.

9. Massage – To rub and knead the body.

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V. Idiomatic & Figurative Expressions

1. "Lose one's touch" – To lose a skill or ability one once had.

2. "A touch of..." – A small amount of something (e.g., a touch of frost).

3. "Out of touch" – Not aware of current trends or realities.

4. "Touch and go" – A risky or uncertain situation.

5. "Touché" – Acknowledging a clever point made by another.

6. "Soft touch" – A person who is easily persuaded or generous.

7. "Common touch" – The ability to relate to ordinary people.

8. "Get in touch" – To contact someone.

9. "Stay in touch" – To maintain contact.

10. "Touch base" – To briefly make contact.

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VI. Scientific & Medical Terms

1. Somatosensation – The collective term for touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception.

2. Mechanoreceptors – Nerves that respond to pressure and texture.

3. Thermoreceptors – Nerves that detect temperature.

4. Nociceptors – Nerves that detect pain.

5. Proprioception – The sense of body position and movement.

6. Haptic Feedback – Tactile response from a device (e.g., phone vibration).

7. Tactile Hypersensitivity – Over-sensitivity to touch.

8. Anesthesia – Loss of sensation.

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VII. Descriptive Phrases for Experience

· "It sent shivers down my spine."

· "My skin crawled."

· "It felt like pins and needles."

· "A wave of warmth washed over me."

· "It was cold to the touch."

· "Butter-soft leather."

· "As light as a feather."

· "Rough as sandpaper."

This list covers a wide range of expressions, from everyday descriptions to technical terms and idioms, illustrating the richness of how we describe and perceive touch.