<p class="ql-block">人类的舌，与声带、牙齿以及口腔肌肉等相应的器官，合成发音系统，可以“说话”，可以用言语交流。</p><p class="ql-block">舌头，还有另外一个特异功能，便是分泌味蕾，可以“尝味”，滋味繁丰复杂，与人类复杂的思维活动密切相关，味觉，对于缜密繁丰的思维，功劳不小。</p> <p class="ql-block">人类的味觉，跟情感关系密切，细腻而丰富。由味觉酸甜苦辣咸涩麻冷热烫凉寒等而引伸的表达，繁丰浩瀚。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">小文由deepseek 合成。</p> <p class="ql-block">关于“味觉”的词汇，我们可以从几个层面来梳理：汉语基本词汇、专业/书面词汇、通感/引申义词汇以及成语与诗句。以下是系统的整理：</p><p class="ql-block">---</p><p class="ql-block">一、核心五味的词汇</p><p class="ql-block">这是最基本的味觉分类，也常用来比喻各种感受。</p><p class="ql-block">1. 酸</p><p class="ql-block"> · 本义：像醋或未熟水果的味道。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 引申/感觉：酸痛、心酸、酸楚、寒酸（生活窘迫）、酸秀才（迂腐）。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 常见搭配：酸溜溜、酸爽、酸甜苦辣。</p><p class="ql-block">2. 甜</p><p class="ql-block"> · 本义：像糖或蜜的味道。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 引申/感觉：甜美、甜蜜（幸福）、甜言蜜语、睡得香甜、甜头（好处）。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 常见搭配：甘甜、香甜、甜丝丝。</p><p class="ql-block">3. 苦</p><p class="ql-block"> · 本义：像黄连或未熟柿子的味道。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 引申/感觉：痛苦、艰苦、苦闷、苦工、苦口婆心、苦心、苦尽甘来。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 常见搭配：苦涩、苦味、含辛茹苦。</p><p class="ql-block">4. 辣</p><p class="ql-block"> · 本义：姜、蒜、辣椒等刺激的味道。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 引申/感觉：毒辣、泼辣（性格）、火辣（热情或阳光）、辣眼睛（视觉刺激）。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 常见搭配：辛辣、麻辣、热辣、辣乎乎。</p><p class="ql-block">5. 咸</p><p class="ql-block"> · 本义：像盐的味道。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 引申/感觉：较少直接引申，但“盐”在文化中常与生活、汗水相关。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 常见搭配：咸淡、咸鲜、咸津津。</p><p class="ql-block">---</p><p class="ql-block">二、其他常见味觉与口感词汇</p><p class="ql-block">这些词描述更细腻或复合的味觉与口腔触感。</p><p class="ql-block">1. 鲜</p><p class="ql-block"> · 形容鱼肉、鸡汤等美味可口的滋味（常与咸结合为“咸鲜”）。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 引申：新鲜、鲜美、鲜为人知（少）。</p><p class="ql-block">2. 涩</p><p class="ql-block"> · 舌头感到麻木、干燥、不润滑的感觉。如生柿子、未熟香蕉。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 引申：苦涩（表情或心情）、晦涩（文字难懂）、羞涩。</p><p class="ql-block">3. 麻</p><p class="ql-block"> · 一种刺激性的、使舌头或嘴唇轻微麻木的感觉，常与“辣”结合（麻辣）。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 引申：麻木、麻醉、麻烦。</p><p class="ql-block">4. 甘</p><p class="ql-block"> · 书面/雅语：与“甜”同义，但更文雅。也指美好。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 常见搭配：甘甜、甘泉、甘之如饴、同甘共苦。</p><p class="ql-block">5. 醇厚 / 淡薄</p><p class="ql-block"> · 形容味道的浓郁程度。醇厚（酒、茶味浓而香），淡薄（味不浓）。</p><p class="ql-block">6. 爽口 / 腻口</p><p class="ql-block"> · 形容口感。爽口（清爽解腻），腻口（油腻过甚）。</p><p class="ql-block">7. 脆 / 糯 / 绵</p><p class="ql-block"> · 形容食物的质地口感。脆（爽脆），糯（软糯粘牙），绵（细腻绵软）。</p><p class="ql-block">8. 腥 / 膻 / 臊</p><p class="ql-block"> · 描述动物性食材的特殊气味。腥（鱼、血），膻（羊肉），臊（尿或某些肉类）。</p><p class="ql-block">9. 香 / 臭</p><p class="ql-block"> · 属于嗅觉，但在饮食体验中与味觉紧密相连。香（气味好闻，引申为受欢迎），臭（气味难闻，引申为名声坏）。</p><p class="ql-block">---</p><p class="ql-block">三、专业与书面化词汇</p><p class="ql-block">多用于文学、美食评论或专业领域。</p><p class="ql-block">· 馥郁：形容香气非常浓厚。</p><p class="ql-block">· 辛辣：味辣而带刺激性，也比喻语言尖锐。</p><p class="ql-block">· 清冽：（液体）清澈而凉爽，常形容泉水、酒。</p><p class="ql-block">· 寡淡：味道很淡，没有滋味。</p><p class="ql-block">· 沁人心脾：形容吸入芬芳气体或饮清凉饮料，感到舒适。也形容诗文优美动人。</p><p class="ql-block">· 余味 / 回甘：吞咽后口中留下的味道。回甘特指先苦后甜的感觉。</p><p class="ql-block">· 齿颊留香：吃过好东西后，满口都是香气。形容食物美味。</p><p class="ql-block">---</p><p class="ql-block">四、通感与引申义（从味觉到其他感知）</p><p class="ql-block">这是汉语味觉词汇的精华，体现了丰富的联想。</p><p class="ql-block">· 品味 / 玩味：从“品尝味道”引申为“体会、欣赏内涵”。</p><p class="ql-block">· 滋味：本指味道，引申为生活的感受（如“人生的滋味”）。</p><p class="ql-block">· 煎熬：本为两种烹饪方法（煮和炸），引申为内心痛苦折磨。</p><p class="ql-block">· 乏味 / 无味：没有味道，引申为没有趣味。</p><p class="ql-block">· 辛辣讽刺：用尖刻的语言批评。</p><p class="ql-block">· 酸腐 / 穷酸：形容文人迂腐或生活窘迫的旧习气。</p><p class="ql-block">· 尝尽辛酸：比喻经历了各种痛苦。</p><p class="ql-block">· 甜腻：味道过甜而腻人，也形容过分甜蜜的言行或关系。</p><p class="ql-block">---</p><p class="ql-block">五、相关成语与诗句</p><p class="ql-block">· 成语：</p><p class="ql-block"> · 津津有味：形容吃得很有味道或谈得很有兴趣。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 味同嚼蜡：形容没有味道，多指文章或讲话枯燥无味。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 脍炙人口：美味人人都爱吃，比喻好的诗文或事物受人称赞。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 酸甜苦辣：泛指各种味道，也比喻幸福、痛苦等种种遭遇。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 寝食不安：吃不下饭，睡不好觉，形容心事重重。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 回味无穷：吃过好东西后余味不尽，比喻事后越想越觉得有意思。</p><p class="ql-block">· 诗句：</p><p class="ql-block"> · 日啖荔枝三百颗，不辞长作岭南人。（苏轼）—— 对美味的极致热爱。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 金樽清酒斗十千，玉盘珍羞直万钱。（李白）—— 描绘美酒佳肴的奢华。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦。（李绅）—— 从食物引申到对劳动的尊重。</p><p class="ql-block"> · 采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。（陶渊明）—— 隐逸生活淡泊悠长的“滋味”。</p><p class="ql-block">---</p><p class="ql-block">总结表格</p><p class="ql-block">类别 词汇 核心描述 常见引申义</p><p class="ql-block">核心五味 酸、甜、苦、辣、咸 基本味觉 心情（心酸）、境遇（艰苦）、性格（泼辣）等</p><p class="ql-block">其他味感 鲜、涩、麻、甘 复合或特殊味觉 新鲜、羞涩、麻木、美好</p><p class="ql-block">口感质地 脆、糯、绵、醇厚、爽口 食物物理口感 较少直接引申</p><p class="ql-block">嗅觉关联 香、臭、腥、膻、馥郁 与味觉结合的嗅觉 名声（香/臭）、感受（芬芳）</p><p class="ql-block">抽象体验 滋味、品味、煎熬、乏味 从味觉到生活体验 人生感受、欣赏、折磨、无聊</p><p class="ql-block">这些词汇共同构成了汉语中丰富而精妙的“味觉宇宙”，不仅用于描述食物，更深深嵌入到我们对情感、艺术和生活的表达之中。</p> <p class="ql-block">Here is a collection of expressions and idioms related to tasting or flavor in English, categorized for clarity.</p><p class="ql-block">---</p><p class="ql-block">1. Literal Tasting Expressions</p><p class="ql-block">· Have a taste: Try a small amount of something.</p><p class="ql-block"> · "Here, have a taste of this sauce and tell me what you think."</p><p class="ql-block">· Take a sip/nibble/bite: Specific ways to taste (drink/small bite/full bite).</p><p class="ql-block">· Savor the flavor: To eat or drink slowly to fully enjoy the taste.</p><p class="ql-block">· It tastes like...: Direct comparison.</p><p class="ql-block"> · "This herbal tea tastes like grass."</p><p class="ql-block">2. Idioms About Liking or Disliking</p><p class="ql-block">· To one's taste: According to one's preference.</p><p class="ql-block"> · "The decor wasn't to my taste."</p><p class="ql-block">· Acquired taste: Something you learn to like over time.</p><p class="ql-block"> · "Olives are an acquired taste."</p><p class="ql-block">· Leave a bad taste in one's mouth: To create a feeling of disgust or distaste, often from an experience, not just food.</p><p class="ql-block"> · "The way they did business left a bad taste in my mouth."</p><p class="ql-block">· Sweet tooth: A strong liking for sweet foods.</p><p class="ql-block"> · "She has a real sweet tooth."</p><p class="ql-block">· Not my cup of tea: Not to my liking (originally about tea preference).</p><p class="ql-block"> · "Horror movies are not my cup of tea."</p><p class="ql-block">3. Idioms About Experience & Judgment</p><p class="ql-block">· A taste of one's own medicine: Being treated the same unpleasant way one treats others.</p><p class="ql-block">· Taste of success/freedom/etc.: A brief first experience of something desirable.</p><p class="ql-block"> · "Winning the local tournament gave her a taste of success."</p><p class="ql-block">· In good/bad taste: Socially acceptable/unacceptable.</p><p class="ql-block"> · "His joke about the situation was in very poor taste."</p><p class="ql-block">· There's no accounting for taste: People's preferences are subjective and sometimes inexplicable. (Often said humorously.)</p><p class="ql-block">4. Sayings & Proverbs</p><p class="ql-block">· One man's meat is another man's poison: What is good for one person may be bad for another.</p><p class="ql-block">· The proof of the pudding is in the eating: You can only judge something's value by trying or experiencing it yourself.</p><p class="ql-block">· As sweet as honey: Extremely sweet (in flavor or disposition).</p><p class="ql-block">· Bitter pill to swallow: An unpleasant fact that must be accepted.</p><p class="ql-block"> · "Losing the funding was a bitter pill to swallow."</p><p class="ql-block">5. Metaphors for Life & Emotion</p><p class="ql-block">· Sweet: Pleasant, kind. (Sweet victory, sweet person)</p><p class="ql-block">· Bitter: Resentful, angry. (Bitter disappointment, bitter cold)</p><p class="ql-block">· Sour: Bad-tempered, disillusioned. (She turned sour after the argument.)</p><p class="ql-block">· Salty: Irritated, upset. (Modern slang, often online).</p><p class="ql-block">· Spicy/Hot: Exciting, risqué. (A spicy rumor, hot gossip)</p><p class="ql-block">· Savory: Morally wholesome or acceptable (less common). (Opposite of "unsavory" character).</p><p class="ql-block">· Flat/Flavorless/Bland: Boring, lacking excitement.</p><p class="ql-block"> · "His speech was rather bland."</p><p class="ql-block">---</p><p class="ql-block">Quick Summary Table</p><p class="ql-block">Expression Meaning (Literal/Figurative)</p><p class="ql-block">Have a taste Try something.</p><p class="ql-block">Acquired taste Something you learn to like.</p><p class="ql-block">Leave a bad taste Create a feeling of disgust (often figurative).</p><p class="ql-block">Sweet tooth Love for sweet things.</p><p class="ql-block">Not my cup of tea Not to my liking.</p><p class="ql-block">A taste of your own medicine Receive similar bad treatment.</p><p class="ql-block">In poor taste Socially unacceptable.</p><p class="ql-block">Bitter pill to swallow Unpleasant truth to accept.</p><p class="ql-block">Proof is in the pudding Real value is in the experience.</p><p class="ql-block">Life is sweet Life is good.</p><p class="ql-block">These expressions show how deeply the language of taste is woven into English, used to describe everything from personal preference to moral judgment and life experience.</p>