汉语vs. English ~~嗅觉的词汇

一夫

人类的嗅觉，其实比较“愚钝”，较之狗、猫以及其他动物，差之太远。故而表述词汇，便用贫乏，有些捉襟见肘。

鼻子有三大功能，一个是呼吸，一个是装饰，一个便是闻、嗅。

如今的音响、图像，可以遥感、遥传、遥控，极大地满足和丰富了人类的听觉、视觉，也就是耳、眼的功能。而嗅觉的隔空流传，则一筹莫展，至少在眼下。比如说，电视上播放一盘硬菜，只见色与形，而香与味，只能凭空想象。声与光，可以量化，通过二进位代码，进行肆无忌惮的传播。相信，有朝一日，嗅觉与味觉，也就是香与味，也可以编辑成代码传播，在电视机里头，装置“香盒”，按照代码方式释放，就好像打印机里头的墨盒那样。

以下内容，由deepseek 生成。

以下是关于人类嗅觉的系统性词汇分类，涵盖感官描述、气味类型、感知体验及相关科学术语：

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一、 感官能力描述

· 嗅觉：辨别气味的感觉能力

· 嗅敏度：嗅觉的敏感程度

· 嗅觉阈值：能闻到某种气味的最低浓度

· 嗅觉疲劳/适应：长时间暴露后对气味敏感度下降

· 嗅觉缺失/失嗅症：完全或部分丧失嗅觉

· 嗅觉过敏：对气味异常敏感

· 幻嗅：闻到不存在的气味

二、 气味性质形容词

1. 基本气味维度：

· 香 vs. 臭

· 浓烈 vs. 淡雅/微弱

· 清新 vs. 陈腐

· 刺鼻 vs. 柔和

2. 具体气味特征：

· 芳香（花香、果香、木香、辛香）

· 腥膻（鱼腥、血腥、羊膻）

· 焦糊（烟熏、烧焦）

· 霉腐（霉味、腐败、酸馊）

· 化学气味（刺鼻、药味、金属味）

· 土腥（泥土、青草、雨后）

三、 气味来源分类词

· 自然气味：花香、草香、雨露、森林、海洋

· 食物气味：香甜、油腻、酒气、烘烤、发酵

· 生活气味：烟火、灰尘、陈旧、清洁剂

· 人体气味：汗味、体香、口鼻气息

四、 感知体验词汇

· 诱发记忆：怀旧的、熟悉的、陌生的

· 情感反应：诱人的、恶心的、安抚的、警觉的

· 空间描述：弥漫的、悬浮的、残留的、散去的

· 时间描述：短暂的、持久的、渐变的

五、 科学及专业术语

· 嗅觉受体：鼻腔中的气味探测细胞

· 嗅球/嗅皮层：大脑处理气味的区域

· 信息素/费洛蒙：影响行为的化学信号

· 挥发性有机化合物：产生气味的主要化学物质

· 气味指纹：独特的气味特征组合

六、 文化隐喻与表达

· 嗅觉比喻：

· “嗅觉灵敏”引申为洞察力强

· “闻到危险”表示直觉预警

· “铜臭味”指金钱气息

· “书香”象征知识氛围

· 文学描写：氤氲、馥郁、腥风、馨香

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补充说明：

人类对气味的描述高度依赖比喻和联觉（如“温暖的香味”），这是因为嗅觉大脑皮层与记忆、情感中枢紧密相连。不同文化对气味的分类和词汇丰富度存在差异，例如某些语言有专用于特定气味（如雨后泥土味“petrichor”）的词汇。

如果需要进一步探讨某个分类或具体气味的语言表达，可以随时补充提问。

Here is a list of common English expressions and idioms related to the sense of smell, categorized for clarity:

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A. Literal & Sensory Expressions

1. To smell something – Basic verb for perceiving odor.

Example: “I can smell fresh coffee.”

2. To catch a whiff of – To smell something briefly or faintly.

Example: “I caught a whiff of her perfume.”

3. To get a sniff of – Similar to “catch a whiff,” sometimes implying suspicion.

Example: “The dog got a sniff of the treat.”

4. To have a good/bad sense of smell – Describing olfactory ability.

Example: “She has a keen sense of smell.”

5. It smells like… – Comparing a scent to something known.

Example: “It smells like rain.”

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B. Idioms & Figurative Expressions

1. To smell a rat – To sense that something is wrong or suspicious.

Example: “He said he was sick, but I smell a rat.”

2. To smell trouble/danger – To intuitively sense a problem.

Example: “Investors smelled trouble and sold their stocks.”

3. To come up smelling like roses – To emerge from a situation with reputation unharmed.

Example: “Despite the scandal, he came up smelling like roses.”

4. Smell blood in the water – To sense someone’s weakness or vulnerability.

Example: “After his poor performance, critics smelled blood in the water.”

5. To smell something fishy – To feel something is suspicious or not right.

Example: “His story smells fishy to me.”

6. To follow your nose – Literally to use smell to find something; figuratively to trust instinct.

Example: “The bakery is close—just follow your nose.”

7. The sweet smell of success – The satisfying feeling of achieving something.

Example: “After years of work, he’s enjoying the sweet smell of success.”

8. To smell fear – To detect nervousness or anxiety in someone.

Example: “The interviewer seemed to smell fear during my presentation.”

9. To stink/smell to high heaven – Something smells extremely bad; also used for something morally corrupt.

Example: “This deal stinks to high heaven.”

10. To be nose-blind – To become accustomed to a smell and no longer notice it.

Example: “I’m nose-blind to the smell of my own house.”

11. A scent/smell of (something abstract) – An indication of a quality or situation.

Example: “There’s a scent of rebellion in the air.”

12. To throw someone off the scent – To mislead or distract someone.

Example: “He gave false information to throw the police off the scent.”

13. To be within smelling distance – To be very close to achieving something.

Example: “We’re within smelling distance of closing the deal.”

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C. Descriptive & Atmospheric Phrases

1. Aroma – Usually a pleasant smell (often food/drink).

Example: “the aroma of baked bread.”

2. Scent – A distinctive, often pleasant smell.

Example: “the scent of pine trees.”

3. Odor – Neutral or unpleasant smell.

Example: “a chemical odor.”

4. Stench – A strong, foul smell.

Example: “the stench of garbage.”

5. Bouquet – A complex, pleasant scent (often wine/perfume).

Example: “a rich bouquet of flavors and smells.”

6. Fragrance – A sweet or pleasant smell.

Example: “the fragrance of flowers.”

7. Whiff – A brief, faint smell.

Example: “a whiff of smoke.”

8. Redolent of – Smelling strongly of something; reminiscent.

Example: “The room was redolent of old books.”

9. Pungent – A strong, sharp smell.

Example: “pungent cheese.”

10. Musty – Stale, damp, and unpleasant smell.

Example: “a musty basement.”

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D. Common Sayings & Proverbs

1. “Stop and smell the roses.” – Take time to appreciate life.

2. “Something smells off.” – Something seems wrong or suspicious.

3. “He who smelt it, dealt it.” – Humorous childhood retort about flatulence.

4. “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” – (Shakespeare) The essence matters, not the name.

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This list reflects how deeply the sense of smell is woven into everyday language—from literal descriptions to metaphors for intuition, suspicion, and atmosphere.