<p class="ql-block">耳眼鼻舌身意～～hearing, seeing, smelling, tasting, touching, and meditating, 是人类优越于其他动物的器官功能。相对而言，英语在“听”方面词汇丰富一些。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">下面的内容，由deepseek 生成。</p> <p class="ql-block">以下是系统梳理的关于人类使用耳朵功能的词汇与表达，涵盖生理功能、主动行为、感知状态及引申意义：</p><p class="ql-block">---</p><p class="ql-block">一、核心生理功能</p><p class="ql-block">1. 听觉：耳朵的核心生理功能，指接收并感知声音的能力。</p><p class="ql-block">2. 平衡：内耳前庭系统负责维持身体平衡与空间定向。</p><p class="ql-block">3. 定位：通过双耳接收声音的时间差与强度差，判断声源方向。</p><p class="ql-block">---</p><p class="ql-block">二、主动的听觉行为（由意志主导）</p><p class="ql-block">1. 听/倾听/聆听：集中注意力去听。</p><p class="ql-block">2. 探听/打听：有目的地询问或获取信息。</p><p class="ql-block">3. 窃听/偷听：秘密地听他人谈话。</p><p class="ql-block">4. 旁听：非正式参与地听（如听课、会议）。</p><p class="ql-block">5. 审听：为审查、评判而仔细听（如听录音、审节目）。</p><p class="ql-block">6. 侦听：为侦察目的而监听（如军事、无线电）。</p><p class="ql-block">7. 辨音：辨别声音的特色、来源或含义。</p><p class="ql-block">8. 监测：持续监听以掌握情况（如监测电台、设备噪音）。</p><p class="ql-block">---</p><p class="ql-block">三、被动的听觉状态与感受</p><p class="ql-block">1. 听见/听到：声音传入耳中被感知的结果。</p><p class="ql-block">2. 听闻/耳闻：通过听的方式知道某事。</p><p class="ql-block">3. 入耳：声音进入耳朵；引申为话语听起来顺耳。</p><p class="ql-block">4. 震耳：声音极大，使耳朵感到震动。</p><p class="ql-block">5. 刺耳：声音尖锐或言辞尖刻，让人听着不舒服。</p><p class="ql-block">6. 悦耳：声音动听，让人愉悦。</p><p class="ql-block">7. 耳鸣：耳内自觉有响声（如嗡嗡、蝉鸣），是一种症状。</p><p class="ql-block">8. 幻听：在无外界声源时“听到”声音，属于知觉障碍。</p><p class="ql-block">---</p><p class="ql-block">四、引申的认知与社会功能</p><p class="ql-block">1. 耳学：通过听来学习（与“眼学”相对）。</p><p class="ql-block">2. 耳诊：中医通过听声音、呼吸等诊断病情。</p><p class="ql-block">3. 耳鉴：凭借听来的信息进行鉴别判断。</p><p class="ql-block">4. 耳濡目染：耳朵经常听到，眼睛经常看到，无形中受到影响。</p><p class="ql-block">5. 耳顺：原指六十岁时能听进各种言论（《论语》）；现泛指听得进不同意见。</p><p class="ql-block">6. 耳语：凑近耳朵小声说话，是一种私密交流方式。</p><p class="ql-block">7. 耳旁风：比喻听过后不放在心上的话。</p><p class="ql-block">---</p><p class="ql-block">五、与耳朵相关的动作与干预</p><p class="ql-block">1. 掩耳：捂住耳朵（如掩耳盗铃）。</p><p class="ql-block">2. 侧耳：侧转头使耳朵对准声源，形容专注地听。</p><p class="ql-block">3. 洗耳：字面为清洗耳朵；成语“洗耳恭听”表示恭敬专心地听。</p><p class="ql-block">4. 竖耳：形容警觉或专注地听（常用于动物，人作比喻）。</p><p class="ql-block">5. 掏耳朵/采耳：清洁外耳道。</p><p class="ql-block">6. 佩戴助听器：辅助听力设备的使用行为。</p><p class="ql-block">---</p><p class="ql-block">六、功能障碍与保护</p><p class="ql-block">1. 听力下降/耳背：听觉灵敏度的降低。</p><p class="ql-block">2. 失聪/耳聋：听力严重丧失或完全丧失。</p><p class="ql-block">3. 噪音性耳聋：因长期暴露于强噪音导致。</p><p class="ql-block">4. 听觉过敏：对正常环境声音容忍度下降。</p><p class="ql-block">5. 护耳：保护耳朵免受强声、异物等伤害的行为。</p><p class="ql-block">6. 隔音：使用工具（如耳塞、耳机）隔绝外界声音。</p><p class="ql-block">---</p><p class="ql-block">七、专业与科技领域</p><p class="ql-block">1. 声源定位：利用双耳效应判断声音来源方向。</p><p class="ql-block">2. 听觉处理：大脑对听到的信息进行识别、分析和理解。</p><p class="ql-block">3. 听力筛查/测听：对听觉能力进行检查和评估。</p><p class="ql-block">4. 人工耳蜗：一种替代内耳功能的电子植入设备。</p><p class="ql-block">5. 空间音频：通过技术模拟三维声场，增强听觉沉浸感。</p><p class="ql-block">6. 听觉反馈：通过听到自己的声音进行调节（如说话、演奏乐器）。</p><p class="ql-block">---</p><p class="ql-block">总结归纳</p><p class="ql-block">人类使用耳朵的功能远不止“听”，它是一个集 物理接收（声波）→ 生理转换（神经信号）→ 大脑处理（识别、定位、理解）→ 认知与反馈（学习、交流、判断） 于一体的精密系统。上述词汇从不同层面描绘了耳朵作为“信息入口”和“平衡中枢”的核心角色，以及在人际、社会与文化中的延伸意义。</p> <p class="ql-block">Here is a list of action expressions concerning human ears, categorized for clarity.</p><p class="ql-block">1. Actions of Using the Ears (Hearing)</p><p class="ql-block">· To hear: The fundamental, passive act of perceiving sound.</p><p class="ql-block">· To listen: To pay attention and make an effort to hear. (e.g., Listen carefully.)</p><p class="ql-block">· To eavesdrop: To listen secretly to a private conversation.</p><p class="ql-block">· To overhear: To accidentally hear a conversation one is not part of.</p><p class="ql-block">· To tune out: To stop listening intentionally.</p><p class="ql-block">· To prick up one's ears: To suddenly begin listening attentively (like an animal). (Idiom)</p><p class="ql-block">· To lend an ear: To listen sympathetically. (Idiom, e.g., Lend me your ear.)</p><p class="ql-block">· To be all ears: To be very eager to listen. (Idiom)</p><p class="ql-block">2. Physical Actions on the Ears</p><p class="ql-block">· To cover one's ears: To place hands over the ears to block sound.</p><p class="ql-block">· To cup one's ear: To curve a hand behind the ear to catch more sound.</p><p class="ql-block">· To plug one's ears (with fingers): To insert fingers into the ear canals.</p><p class="ql-block">· To clean one's ears: Using a cotton swab or tool (note: doctors advise against inserting objects into the ear canal).</p><p class="ql-block">· To pierce one's ears: To make a hole in the earlobe for jewelry.</p><p class="ql-block">· To tug/pull on one's ear: Often a thoughtful or nervous gesture.</p><p class="ql-block">· To whisper in someone's ear: To speak very softly directly near their ear.</p><p class="ql-block">3. Sensations & Medical Conditions</p><p class="ql-block">· Ears are ringing (Tinnitus): The perception of noise (like ringing or buzzing) in the ears without an external source.</p><p class="ql-block">· Ears are popping: The feeling of pressure equalizing, often during altitude changes.</p><p class="ql-block">· Ears are burning: A sensation, often linked to the idiom meaning one is being talked about.</p><p class="ql-block">· To get an earache: To have pain inside the ear.</p><p class="ql-block">· To have an ear infection: A bacterial or viral infection in the inner, middle, or outer ear.</p><p class="ql-block">· To have water/clogged ears: The feeling of blockage after swimming or due to wax buildup.</p><p class="ql-block">4. Figurative & Idiomatic Expressions</p><p class="ql-block">· To play it by ear: To act without a plan, improvising based on the situation.</p><p class="ql-block">· Music to my ears: News or information that is very pleasant to hear.</p><p class="ql-block">· In one ear and out the other: Heard but immediately forgotten.</p><p class="ql-block">· To bend someone's ear: To talk to someone for a long time, often complaining.</p><p class="ql-block">· To have the ear of someone: To have influence with someone, to be listened to by them.</p><p class="ql-block">· To make one's ears bleed: To describe extremely unpleasant or loud noise (hyperbole).</p><p class="ql-block">· To have an ear for...: To have a natural talent for recognizing something (e.g., She has an ear for languages/music.).</p><p class="ql-block">5. Descriptive States</p><p class="ql-block">· Ears are sensitive/vulnerable: Describing the delicate nature of the inner ear.</p><p class="ql-block">· Ears are perked/alert: Describing a state of attentive listening.</p><p class="ql-block">· Cauliflower ear: A deformed shape caused by repeated injury (common in combat sports).</p><p class="ql-block">This list covers the primary ways we describe actions, sensations, and conditions related to the human ear.</p>