伤寒百证歌

微茫的曙光

<p class="ql-block"><b>《伤寒百证歌》第三证:表证歌</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>许叔微(南宋时期著名医学家)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>陈胜良翻译</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>“身热恶寒脉又浮,偏宜发汗更何求。”</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>白话文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>如果病人出现身体发热、怕冷、脉象呈现浮脉,这时最适宜的治疗方法就是发汗解表,通过出汗将病邪驱逐出去。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>英文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>When a patient suffers from a fever,takes an aversion from cold and has a floating pulse at the same time, the promoting sweat is a preferable method to him.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>“要须手足俱周遍,不欲淋漓似水流。”</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>白话文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>发汗时,要让手脚和全身都能均匀、微潮地出汗,但切忌汗出得像水流一样淋漓不止,因为微微出汗标志着腠理疏通、病邪得解而大汗淋漓则会过度消耗人体的阳气和津液,反而可能导致虚弱。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>英文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>The doctor should let the sweat gradually come out all over the patient's body even his limbs instead of coming out like flowing water.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>“轻则随时与和解,重须正发病当瘳。”</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>白话文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>对于病情较轻的表证,可以随时采用和解法(如桂枝汤或小柴胡汤)来调和营卫;而对于病情较重的表证,则需要使用正经的发汗法(如麻黄汤)来强力解表。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>英文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>The cure may vary according to the patient's different cases.For mild cases, the doctor should take harmonizing resolving measures to keep his nutrients and defense in balance .Nevertheless. for serious cases,the doctor should take stronger diaphoresis to drive the cold out of his body.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>核心治疗思想</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>这首歌诀精要地概括了中医治疗表证的三大原则:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>辨证精准:抓住“身热、恶寒、脉浮”这三个表证的典型特征。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>治法有度:根据病情的轻重,选择“和解”或“正发”等不同的发汗方法。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>中病即止:发汗要求“通身微汗”,切忌过汗伤身,体现了中医治疗中对“度”的精准把握。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>注意:中医发汗疗法还需要因时、因人制宜,下面如是说:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>“初春阳弱阴尚胜,不可亟夺成扰搜”</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>白话文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>初春时节,人体的阳气尚且微弱,阴寒之气仍然较强。此时治疗不可急于使用峻烈的发汗方法,以免过度扰动、搜刮人体宝贵的阳气。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>英文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>In early spring, Yin energy still prevaiis over Yang energy in a person's body , so the doctor should not use overly aggressive diaphoresis methods to treat a patient ,which may disturb his vital energy.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>“夏时暑热脉洪大,玄府开时汗易谋”</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>白话文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>到了夏季,天气暑热,人体脉象通常洪大,腠理(玄府,即汗孔)自然开泄。这时如果需要发汗,就相对容易谋划了。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>英文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>Due to summer's heat, the pulse is typically full and large and the mascular interstices are naturally open, therefore the sweat comes out more easily.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>“不可汗脉微而弱,更兼尺中脉迟缓”</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>白话文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>不可以发汗的情况还包括:病人脉象极其微弱、无力,或者同时伴有尺脉迟滞、缓慢。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>英文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>It is forbidden to make a patient sweat when he has a feeble and weak pulse, particularly when he also has a slow pulse at the cubit region. </b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>“微弱无阳迟少血,安可麻黄求发散”</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>白话文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>脉象微弱表明阳气虚衰,脉象迟滞提示阴血亏少。在这种气血不足的情况下,怎么还能使用麻黄这类峻烈的药物来强行发汗呢?</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>英文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>When the pulse is faint, it indicates that the Yang energy is not strong enough in his body and when the pulse is also slow, it indicates that he also has blood deficiency.Well, in this case, how can the doctor try to let the patient take Ephedra Decoction to make him sweat?(That will make him weaker and weaker instead)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>核心思想解读</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>这段歌诀强调了中医发汗疗法的两个关键原则:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>因时制宜:治疗需考虑季节气候特点。初春阳气初生,不可过汗以免伤阳;夏季腠理开泄,发汗相对容易。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>辨证论治:使用汗法必须严格辨证。对于阳气虚衰(脉微、弱)、阴血不足(尺脉迟)等虚证患者,严禁使用峻汗之法,否则会加重气血耗伤,甚至导致严重后果。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>歌诀中提到的“麻黄”是发汗力较强的中药,代表辛温发汗的治法。文中以此警示,必须详察脉证,不可误用于虚证之人。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>季节/体质特点发汗要点初春阳气弱,阴气盛不可急于使用峻烈的发汗方法,以免扰动阳气。夏季暑热,腠理开泄发汗相对容易谋划。虚证体质 (脉微、弱、迟)阳气虚衰,阴血不足严禁使用麻黄等峻烈发汗方法,否则会加重虚弱。 </b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b> “更有衄血并下血,风温湿温如何发”</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>白话文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>此外,对于经常流鼻血(衄血) 或有便血、尿血等出血史(下血) 的患者,以及患有风温、湿温这类外感热病的人,怎么能随意使用辛温发汗的方法呢?</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>英文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>In addition, it is also forbidden to take the diaphoresis with pungent and warm for those with nosebleeds or bloody stools, wind-warmth or damp-warmth disorders.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>“坏病虚烦且慎之,腹间动气宜区别”</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>白话文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>对于因误治导致的坏病,出现虚烦(体内虚热引起的烦躁) 症状时要小心处理。如果患者肚脐周围有气涌动(动气),则需要仔细鉴别,不能贸然发汗。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>英文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>The doctor should take great cauction to treat the mistreated cases and vacuity frustration and he should also identify the cases where there is distention around the patient's umbilical region.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>“妇人经水适来时,此是小柴胡证决”</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>白话文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>女性在月经刚来(经水适来) 的时候感受外邪,出现寒热往来等症状,这常是小柴胡汤的适应症。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>英文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>When a woman happens to suffer from the external pathogenic factors ,manifesting symptoms of alternating chills and fever just when she has her menstrual flow , this is the symptoms of the Xiaocaihu decoction .</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>“忽然误汗表里虚,郁冒不知人作孽”</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>白话文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>如果此时误用发汗法,会导致肌表和内脏的阳气与津液大量耗伤(表里虚),可能引发郁冒(头昏眼花、郁闷不舒),甚至严重到不省人事的地步,这实在是因错误治疗造成的灾祸。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>英文翻译:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b> For the above_mentioned cases, if the doctor misuse the diaphoretic therapy, it will greatly damage the yang energy and body fluid in the muscle surface and internal organ.</b></p><p class="ql-block">💡</p> <p class="ql-block"><b>核心思想与禁汗原因解读如下:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">禁忌情况关键症状/指征为何不能发汗?误汗的严重后果血证患者衄血、下血、亡血家阴血本已亏虚,发汗会进一步耗伤阴液,可能导致“血枯”之变。可能导致寒战、抽搐(寒栗而振)。特殊温病风温、湿温初起风温多伤阴,辛温发汗会助热伤阴;湿温忌汗,发汗可能导致湿热上蒙清窍。风温误汗可能导致神明内乱、谵语癫狂;湿温误汗可能导致神昏、耳聋等。正气亏虚坏病(误治后)、虚烦、腹中动气坏病和虚烦常因误治导致正气已虚;脐周动气多提示内脏虚弱。发汗会重伤阳气津液。使虚弱的身体更难以恢复,甚至导致病情恶化。特殊生理期妇人经水适来经期血室正开,气血相对不足。若邪陷血室,需用小柴胡汤和解少阳,透达外邪。误汗会使气血更虚,表里俱虚,可能导致郁冒不省人事。 </b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">💡</p>