南京中山陵醉美秋色 Nanjing Zhongshan Mausoleum's Most Beauti

张文宏

著名文化学者余秋雨曾说过：“我走过世界上许多城市，但秋季中山陵景区一带傍晚的景色是世界上可数的最美景色之一，它给人一种清净的温馨感。”

时值南京深秋，钟山风景区树叶已褪去绿意，转而变幻成五彩斑斓的色调，橙红的榉树、枫香，橙黄的乌桕，灿黄的马褂木、银杏、无患子等，钟山醉美秋景模式已悄然打开。

The renowned cultural scholar Yu Qiuyu once said: "I have traveled to many cities around the world, but the evening scenery around the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum area in autumn is one of the most beautiful in the world, offering a sense of serene warmth."

It is late autumn in Nanjing, and the leaves of Zhongshan Mountain Scenic Area have shed their green hues, transforming into a vibrant palette of colors—russet zelkova and sweetgum, orange-yellow Chinese tallow, and brilliant yellow tulip tree, ginkgo, and soapberry—ushering in the peak season of Zhongshan's mesmerizing autumn scenery.

山峦彩云萦绕，层林尽染，

青枫红影，斑斓梧桐，

光影穿透银杏渲染的彩色油画……

Hills are surrounded by colorful clouds, and the layers of forests are all dyed,

Green maple red shadows, variegated parasol trees,

Light and shadow penetrate the color-painted oil painting dyed by ginkgo...

中山陵园大道

中山陵园大道两侧的百年法国梧桐树叶渐黄，秋日中透出浓浓的浪漫气息。

Zhongshan Mausoleum Avenue

The century-old French plane trees on both sides of Zhongshan Mausoleum Avenue are gradually turning yellow, exuding a strong romantic atmosphere in the autumn.

风华绝代的梧桐树，

是一季一景的定格，

也是南京人心中的秋日记忆。

The phoenix-like plane tree，

a fixed frame of one scene per season，

It is also a memory of autumn in the hearts of Nanjing people.

燕雀湖秋色

中山陵梅花山下的梅花谷一侧，有一片湖水，叫燕雀湖。这里生长出大量的红杉树，主要有落羽杉、池杉、水杉等色叶树种，深秋季节大量的杉树已呈红色，野鸭、鸳鸯在此嬉戏，宛若人间仙境，吸引着众多游客驻足拍摄，成为中山陵的网红打卡地。

Yanque Lake Autumn Scenery

On one side of Meihua Valley at the foot of Meihua Mountain in the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, there is a lake called Yanque Lake. Here, a large number of redwood trees have grown, mainly including deciduous conifers such as bald cypress, pond cypress, and metasequoia. In late autumn, many of these trees turn red, while wild ducks and mandarin ducks play in the water, creating a scene like a fairyland on earth. This attracts numerous tourists to stop and take photos, making it a popular social media spot at the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.

一排排色彩斑斓的落羽杉、池杉、水杉，倚水而立，静谧而美好，这就是著名的梅花谷落羽杉湿地。

Rows of colorful dawn redwoods, pond cypresses, and Chinese water pines stand by the water, quiet and beautiful. This is the famous Plum Valley Dawn Redwood Wetland.

燕雀湖水杉林错落有致、依次排列，在阳光的照射下，星光熠熠、五彩斑斓，十分的美丽。而湖中波光粼粼的水杉摇曳生姿，好似秋日里一幅幅浓墨重彩的油画。

The metasequoia forest by Yanque Lake is arranged in a well-proportioned and orderly manner, shimmering brilliantly and displaying a dazzling array of colors under the sunlight, making it exceptionally beautiful. The sparkling water in the lake sets the metasequoias swaying gracefully, resembling a series of richly colored oil paintings in autumn.

明孝陵石象路

深秋季节，明孝陵600米的石象路，已成了南京最美的秋色。踏入石象路，仿佛走进了一幅色彩斑斓的油画中，道路两旁，高大的树木犹如忠诚的卫士，静静地守护着这片古老的土地。

Stone Elephant Road of Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum

In late autumn, the 600-meter-long Sacred Way of Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum has become Nanjing's most beautiful autumn scene. Stepping onto the Sacred Way is like entering a vibrant oil painting, where towering trees on both sides stand like loyal guardians, quietly watching over this ancient land.

银杏叶宛如金色的蝴蝶，在空中翩翩起舞，而后缓缓飘落，给大地铺上了一层柔软的金色地毯。

Ginkgo leaves are like golden butterflies, dancing gracefully in the air and then slowly falling, covering the earth with a soft golden carpet.

秋日里红色的乌桕树和金黄的银杏相间，色彩交织，宛如一幅流动的油画。

In autumn, the red Chinese photinia trees and golden ginkgo trees alternate, their colors interweaving like a flowing oil painting.

这里的红枫如火焰一般，紧紧围绕在道路两侧，为秋日里的石象路增添了一抹艳丽的色彩。

The red maples here are like flames, closely surrounding both sides of the road, adding a touch of brilliant color to Shixiang Road in autumn.

沿着石板路前行，古老的石象在岁月的长河中默默伫立。它们或狮、或象、或骆驼，每一尊都雕刻得栩栩如生，仿佛在诉说着往昔的故事。

Walking along the stone path, ancient stone elephants stand silently through the long river of time. Some are lions, some elephants, some camels, each exquisitely carved, as if telling stories of the past.

阳光透过枝叶的缝隙洒下，在石象上留下斑驳的光影，更添了几分神秘与庄重。秋风中漫步于石象路，时光仿佛放慢了脚步，每一步都能欣赏到南京最美的秋色，品味历史文化的积淀。

Sunlight filters through the gaps in the branches, casting mottled shadows on the stone elephants, adding an air of mystery and solemnity. Strolling along the Stone Elephant Road in the autumn breeze, time seems to slow down, allowing every step to savor Nanjing's most beautiful autumn scenery and the richness of its historical and cultural heritage.

明孝陵大金门

明孝陵是明代开国皇帝朱元璋和马皇后的合葬墓，陵寝制承前启后，独创新规，在中国帝陵史上具有里程碑地位，规范着明清两代500多年20多座帝陵建设的总体格局和风貌，地位崇高，影响深远。

在明清皇家陵寝中，“红门”是标准称呼，因明孝陵正门地位重要，被称之为“大金门”，以“金”字凸显其尊贵性。‌

Golden Gate of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum

The Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is the joint burial site of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and Empress Ma. Its design both inherited and innovated upon previous traditions, setting a milestone in the history of Chinese imperial mausoleums. It established the overall layout and style for over 20 imperial mausoleums built during the Ming and Qing dynasties over more than 500 years, holding an exalted status and exerting profound influence.

In the imperial mausoleums of the Ming and Qing dynasties, "Hongmen" (Red Gate) was the standard term. However, due to the significant status of the main gate of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, it was called "Dajinmen" (Great Golden Gate), with the character "jin" (gold) highlighting its nobility.

明孝陵享殿

享殿原名孝陵殿，是明孝陵的主要建筑之一。明洪武十六年（1383）建成。用来供奉朱元璋及其皇后、嫔妃的牌位，是一座拥有三层石造须弥座台基，面阔九间、进深五间的巨大木结构殿宇。

原建筑于清咸丰三年（1853）毁于太平天国和湘军作战兵火，同治年间重新修建，重建的享殿小了很多，只相当于原先的三分之一，现仍遗留有原56个石柱础。

Ming Xiaoling Sacrificial Hall

The Hall of Enjoyment, originally named the Filial Piety Hall, is one of the main structures of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum. Completed in the 16th year of the Hongwu reign (1383) of the Ming Dynasty, it was used to enshrine the memorial tablets of Zhu Yuanzhang, his empress, and concubines. This grand wooden hall features a three-tiered stone Sumeru pedestal, with a width of nine bays and a depth of five bays.

The original structure was destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion in the third year of the Xianfeng Emperor's reign (1853) amid the warfare between the Taiping forces and the Xiang Army. It was rebuilt during the Tongzhi era, though the reconstructed hall was significantly smaller, only about one-third of its former size. The site still retains the original 56 stone column bases.

享殿周围台阶都雕刻花纹，并雕配龙头装饰，虽然历经磨损残缺，加上秋风落叶，更显沧桑。但在这残缺遗迹的背后，仿佛可以看到当时陵宫的雄伟和气派！

The steps around the sacrificial hall are all carved with intricate patterns and adorned with dragon head decorations. Though worn and incomplete over time, coupled with the autumn wind and fallen leaves, they exude an even greater sense of vicissitude. Behind these remnants, one can almost envision the grandeur and magnificence of the mausoleum palace in its heyday!

明孝陵碑殿

大明王朝，从1368年立国，至1644年灭亡，前后延续276年，开国皇帝朱元璋出身寒微，铸就了他不同于其他帝王的性格特征，在定都南京后国家建设方面采取诸多新政，『治隆唐宋』而彪炳史冊。

Ming Xiaoling Stele Hall

The Ming Dynasty, established in 1368 and fallen in 1644, lasted for 276 years in total. Its founding emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang, came from a humble background, which shaped his distinct character traits compared to other emperors. After establishing the capital in Nanjing, he implemented numerous new policies in state-building, achieving "governance surpassing the Tang and Song" and thus leaving a glorious legacy in history.

碑殿建于清康熙年间，1699年康熙第三次南巡谒陵，见墙垣多倾圮，就御书"治隆唐宋"四字，交与曹寅（曹雪芹的祖父）勒石制碑，以垂永久，碑两侧是乾隆皇帝题书的御碑。

The Stele Hall was built during the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. In 1699, during his third southern inspection tour to pay homage at the mausoleum, Kangxi noticed many dilapidated walls and personally inscribed the four characters "Zhi Long Tang Song" (surpassing the Tang and Song dynasties in governance). He entrusted the inscription to Cao Yin (grandfather of Cao Xueqin) to carve it onto a stele for posterity. The stele is flanked by imperial steles inscribed by Emperor Qianlong.

明孝陵方城内柏木苍翠、古朴典雅。

The cypress trees inside the Fangcheng of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum are emerald green, ancient, simple and elegant.

明孝陵方城明楼

明孝陵方城明楼是陵宫区核心建筑，形制为明代首创，开创明清帝陵“前方后圆”的格局先河。

方城以巨型条石砌筑，高16米，东西长75米，南北宽31米，下部石刻须弥座，正中设拱门隧道，54级石阶。明楼原为黄琉璃瓦重檐歇山顶建筑，现存四壁，楼内保留明代方砖铺地。方城通过隧道式拱门连接宝城宝顶，形成前导空间，兼具防御与礼仪功能，凸显陵寝的庄严氛围。

Ming Xiaoling Square City and Bright Pavilion

The Fangcheng Minglou of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is the core building of the mausoleum palace area. Its architectural form was first created in the Ming Dynasty, pioneering the layout of Ming and Qing imperial mausoleums with the "front square and rear round" pattern.

The square city wall was built with massive stone blocks, standing 16 meters high, 75 meters long from east to west, and 31 meters wide from north to south. Its lower section features a stone-carved Sumeru pedestal, with an arched tunnel gate at the center and 54 stone steps. The original soul tower had a double-eaved hip-and-gable roof covered with yellow glazed tiles, of which only the four walls remain today, with Ming dynasty square bricks still paving the floor inside. The square city wall connects to the treasure city and dome through the tunnel-like arched gate, forming an introductory space that serves both defensive and ceremonial purposes, enhancing the solemn atmosphere of the mausoleum.

明孝陵松柏覆盖的宝顶

宝顶并不很高，只是围着山头走一圈。走在这条路上，仿佛穿越历史，穿越那明代厚厚的城墙。

The treasure top of Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum covered with pine and cypress

Bao Ding is not very high; it's just a walk around the mountain. Walking on this road, it feels like traveling through history, through the thick city walls of the Ming Dynasty.