双语轻读/新时代的中国军控、裁军与防扩散(3)

李圣恩

二、新时代中国军控的政策立场
II. Position and Policies: China’s Arms Control in the New Era
新时代的中国军控、裁军与防扩散政策，基于以和为贵的文化传统、社会主义的国家性质、和平发展的战略抉择。中国致力于推进军控领域全球治理，支持建立持久和平与普遍安全的世界。
China’s policies on arms control, disarmament, and nonproliferation in the new era are based on its cultural tradition of harmony, its socialist nature, and its strategic commitment to peaceful development. China works to promote global governance in arms control and supports all efforts to build a world of lasting peace and common security.
推动构建人类命运共同体。人类是命运共同体，也是不可分割的安全共同体。维护世界和平与安全，促进全球战略平衡与稳定，是军控、裁军与防扩散的重要使命，也是构建人类命运共同体的应有之义。新时代的中国军控，始终秉持全人类共同价值，积极回应各国正当合理的安全关切，致力于推动构建相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系，共同建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。
Building a community with a shared future for humanity. Humanity is both a community with a shared future and an indivisible security community. Safeguarding world peace and security and promoting global strategic balance and stability are key missions of arms control, disarmament, and nonproliferation, and also an inherent part of building a community with a shared future for humanity. China has always upheld the common values of all humanity in its arms control endeavors in the new era, and has actively responded to the legitimate and reasonable security concerns of all countries. It is committed to building a new type of international relations characterized by mutual respect, fairness, justice, and win-win cooperation, and working together with other countries to build an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world of lasting peace, universal security, and shared prosperity.
积极践行全球安全倡议。全球安全倡议旨在消弭国际冲突根源、完善全球安全治理，为解决当前人类社会面临的安全挑战贡献了中国智慧、中国方案。新时代的中国军控，始终秉持团结精神和共赢思维，积极践行共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，将是否有利于促进全球战略稳定，有利于营造公道正义、共建共享的安全格局作为政策着眼点，统筹考虑军控对战略平衡与稳定的促进作用，着力发挥维护安全与限制战争的功能，建设性推进国际军控进程。
Actively promoting theGlobal Security Initiative. This initiative seeks to address the root causes of international conflicts and strengthen global security governance. It offers China’s vision and solutions to the security challenges confronting humanity. Founded on a spirit of solidarity and a win-win mindset, China’s arms control in the new era manifests a vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security. The focus of its policies is whether they can strengthen global strategic stability and contribute to a fair and just security architecture built by all and for the benefit of all. China will take a holistic view towards the role of arms control in promoting strategic balance and stability, perform its functions in safeguarding security and curbing wars, and constructively advance international arms control. 坚定奉行防御性国防政策。防御性国防政策是中国国防和军队建设的基本准则，决定了新时代中国军控政策的基本立场。中国坚持走和平发展道路，永不称霸、永不扩张、永不谋求势力范围。坚持防御、自卫、后发制人原则，坚定维护国家主权、安全、发展利益。中国坚持走中国特色强军之路，从不参加任何形式的军备竞赛，中国军队的发展壮大始终是世界和平力量的发展壮大。
Firmly pursuing a national defense policy that is defensive in nature. This policy is the fundamental guideline for China’s national defense and military development. It defines the basic position of the country’s arms control policy in the new era. China remains committed to peaceful development and will never seek hegemony or expansion, or seek to build spheres of influence. Founded on commitments to defense, self-defense, and striking only after being attacked, China is resolute in safeguarding its sovereignty, security, and development interests. It stays committed to the Chinese path to building a strong military and never engages in any form of arms race. A stronger Chinese military always adds strength to the world’s peaceful forces.
保持公开透明、合理适度的国防支出。中国坚持国防建设和经济建设协调发展方针，合理确定国防支出规模。与美国等军事大国相比，中国的国防支出无论是占国内生产总值的比重、占国家财政支出的比重，还是国民人均国防支出、军人人均国防支出等都是比较低的。中国积极参加联合国军费透明制度，预算规模、结构、基本用途等都公开透明。自2007年起，每年向“联合国军事开支标准报告制度”提交上一财政年度军事开支报告。
Maintaining open, transparent, reasonable and appropriate national defense spending. China determines its defense expenditure at a reasonable level in accordance with the policy of coordinating development in national defense and economic growth. Compared with the United States and other countries with a strong military, China’s defense spending remains relatively low in terms of its share of GDP, as a proportion of total fiscal expenditure, and on both a per capita and per-service-member basis. China actively participates in the UN’s transparency mechanisms on military expenditures, and ensures transparency regarding the scale, structure, and fundamental purposes of its military budget. Since 2007, it has submitted annual reports on its military expenditures for the previous fiscal year to the UN Report on Military Expenditures. 秉持公正、合作、平衡、有效的军控理念。中国坚持公平正义，始终根据事情本身的是非曲直决定立场和政策，坚定维护以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为基础的国际关系基本准则，公正、合理、非歧视地处理国际军控与防扩散问题，反对政治胁迫、例外主义和双重标准。坚持合作共赢，倡导真正的多边主义，推动平等互利国际合作，通过政治和外交手段实现军控与防扩散目标。坚持综合平衡，兼顾传统与新兴领域，标本兼治、综合应对全球安全挑战，统筹处理错综复杂的军控事务；尊重各国基本权利与发展需要、平衡防扩散与和平利用，反对泛化国家安全概念、滥用出口管制措施、限制发展中国家和平利用和正当发展权利。坚持务实有效，坚定维护国际军控与防扩散体系权威性、普遍性和有效性，以各方均能接受的方式理性务实、循序渐进地推动国际军控和防扩散进程，反对抛开联合国平台“另起炉灶”。
Upholding the principles of justice, cooperation, balance and effectiveness in arms control. China is committed to fairness and justice. It considers issues on their own merits and decides its position and policies accordingly. China firmly safeguards the basic norms governing international relations based on the purposes and principles of theUN Charter, addresses international arms control and nonproliferation issues in a just, reasonable and nondiscriminatory manner, and opposes political coercion, exceptionalism, and double standards.
China advocates win-win cooperation, true multilateralism, and equal and mutually beneficial international cooperation. It seeks to achieve arms control and nonproliferation objectives through political and diplomatic means.
China maintains an overall balance in its approach, emphasizing both conventional and emerging fields. It addresses both the symptoms and root causes of global security threats in a comprehensive manner while coordinating the handling of complex arms control issues. It respects the fundamental rights and development needs of all countries and strives to balance nonproliferation and peaceful utilization. It opposes abusing the concept of national security and export control measures, and exerting restrictions on developing countries’ rights to peaceful uses and legitimate development.
China pursues practical and effective results, and resolutely upholds the authority, universality and effectiveness of international arms control and nonproliferation regimes. It advances international arms control and nonproliferation processes in a rational, practical and step-by-step manner acceptable to all parties, and rejects attempts to replace the UN platform. 深度参与军控领域全球治理。新时代中国军控坚持共商共建共享的全球治理观，主张加强团结协作，反对单边主义，坚定维护联合国地位和权威，切实发挥联合国在全球治理中不可替代的重要作用，倡导建设更加包容的治理框架、更加有效的多边机制、更加积极的国际合作。中国已批准或签署20多个多边军控条约，认真履行条约义务。全面深入参与联合国大会裁军与国际安全委员会（联大一委）、联合国裁军审议委员会（裁审会）、日内瓦裁军谈判会议（裁谈会）等军控机制会议和活动，支持尽早召开第四届裁军特别联大，为维护和加强以联合国为核心的多边机制作出贡献。中国积极开展军控、裁军和防扩散领域国际合作，加强双多边沟通交流，与20多个国家和国际组织建立了军控与防扩散磋商机制，增进理解互信。
Extensively engaging in the global governance of arms control. In the new era, China’s approach to arms control is guided by the vision of global governance characterized by extensive consultation and joint contribution for shared benefit. China calls for stronger solidarity and cooperation, opposes unilateralism, firmly upholds the status and authority of the UN, and supports the UN in playing an indispensable role in global governance. It advocates for a more inclusive governance framework, more effective multilateral mechanisms, and more proactive international cooperation. It has ratified or signed over 20 multilateral arms control treaties and strictly complies with their obligations.
China has been fully and deeply involved in meetings and activities under the arms control mechanism, including those hosted by the Disarmament and International Security (First Committee) of the UN General Assembly, the UN Disarmament Commission (UNDC), and the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva (CD); it also supports the early convening of the Fourth Special Session of the UN General Assembly Devoted to Disarmament. All these have contributed to safeguarding and strengthening UN-centered multilateral mechanisms.
China also promotes international cooperation in arms control, disarmament, and nonproliferation, and facilitates bilateral and multilateral exchanges. It has established arms control and nonproliferation consultation mechanisms with over 20 countries and international organizations to foster mutual understanding and trust.