双语轻读/新时代的中国军控、裁军与防扩散(1)

李圣恩

新时代的中国军控、裁军与防扩散

China’s Arms Control, Disarmament, and Nonproliferation in the New Era

中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室

The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China

2025年11月November 2025

目录
Contents
前言
Preface
一、国际安全和军控形势复杂严峻
I. Grim Realities: International Security and Arms Control
二、新时代中国军控的政策立场
II. Position and Policies: China’s Arms Control in the New Era
三、建设性参与国际军控进程
III. Playing a Constructive Role in International Arms Control
四、引领新兴领域国际安全治理
IV. Leading International Security Governance in Emerging Fields
五、加强防扩散与和平利用科技国际合作
V. Strengthening International Cooperation on Nonproliferation and Peaceful Uses of Science and Technology
结束语
Conclusion

附录1：中国参加的军控、裁军和防扩散相关条约
Annex I: List of Arms Control, Disarmament, and Nonproliferation Treaties That China Has Joined
附录2：中国防扩散出口管制相关法律法规
Annex II: China’s Laws and Regulations Related to Nonproliferation and Export Controls

前言

Preface

和平与发展是人类社会永恒的主题。和平需要争取，和平需要维护。
Peace and development are eternal themes of human society. Peace needs to be fought for and be upheld.
军控、裁军与防扩散，寄托着人类铸剑为犁、干戈载戢的美好夙愿，承载着降低战争风险、消除安全赤字、促进世界和平的重要使命，关乎全球战略安全与人类共同福祉，日益成为国际社会共同期待。
Arms control, disarmament, and nonproliferation embody humanity’s aspiration to turn swords into plowshares and lay down their weapons. They represent important missions of mitigating the risk of war, addressing the security deficit, and promoting global peace. Together, these efforts are vital to global strategic security and the shared wellbeing of humanity, and have gradually become a common expectation of the international community.
中华民族历来崇尚“以和为贵”“协和万邦”，坚守正义之道，反对恃强凌弱与穷兵黩武。中华人民共和国成立以来，始终坚持走和平发展道路，坚定奉行防御性国防政策，坚决反对任何形式的霸权主义、侵略扩张和军备竞赛。中华人民共和国恢复在联合国合法席位后，积极参与多边军控进程，为维护国际和平与安全作出不懈努力。
The Chinese nation has always cherished peace and harmony among nations, upheld justice, and opposed abuse of the weak by the strong and excessive use of force. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, it has pursued a path of peaceful development and a national defense policy that is defensive in nature, and firmly opposed all forms of hegemony, aggression, expansion, and arms race. After the restoration of its lawful seat in the United Nations (UN) in 1971, China has actively participated in multilateral arms control and made unremitting efforts to safeguard international peace and security.
进入新时代，在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想指引下，中国坚定不移推进中国式现代化建设，积极顺应国际社会共同呼声，践行全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议、全球治理倡议，推动构建人类命运共同体。中国建设性参与国际军控、裁军与防扩散进程，积极贡献中国倡议、中国方案，致力于改善国际安全环境，增进国际安全合作，破解国际安全困境，完善全球安全治理。中国始终是世界和平的建设者、全球发展的贡献者、国际秩序的维护者。
In the new era, guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, China is committed to advancing Chinese modernization, puts into action the Global Development Initiative, Global Security Initiative, Global Civilization Initiative, and Global Governance Initiative, and works to build a community with a shared future for humanity in response to the shared aspirations of the international community. It plays a constructive role in international arms control, disarmament, and nonproliferation, actively offers its initiatives and solutions, and is committed to improving the international security environment, increasing international security cooperation, addressing global security challenges, and strengthening global security governance. China has been and will always be a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development, and a defender of the international order.
2025年是中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年，也是联合国成立80周年。和平依然脆弱，战争并未消弭，局部冲突和动荡频发，国际军备竞赛持续升级。人类又面临和平还是战争、对话还是对抗、共赢还是零和的抉择，又一次站在历史的十字路口，迫切需要重振多边军控进程，筑牢和平发展之基。
The year 2025 marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. It is also the 80th anniversary of the founding of the UN. Peace remains fragile while wars persist, regional conflicts and turmoil are becoming more frequent, and the international arms race continues to escalate. Today, humanity again has to choose between peace and war, dialogue and confrontation, win-win cooperation and zero-sum game. It once again finds itself at a historic crossroads. As such, there is an urgent need to reinvigorate multilateral arms control and consolidate the foundation for peaceful development.
为全面阐释新时代中国军控、裁军与防扩散的政策实践，介绍外空、网络、人工智能等新兴领域国际安全治理主张，展现中国维护世界和平与安全的坚定决心，呼吁世界各国携手推进国际军控进程，中国政府特发布此白皮书。
The Chinese government is publishing this white paper to comprehensively present China’s policies and practices on arms control, disarmament, and nonproliferation, and its position on security governance in emerging fields such as outer space, cyberspace, and artificial intelligence (AI), to restate its commitment to safeguarding world peace and security, and to call on countries around the world to work together for international arms control. disarmament /dɪsˈɑːməmənt/ |TEM4
N-UNCOUNT Disarmament is the act of reducing the number of weapons, especially nuclear weapons, that a country has. 裁减军备 (尤指核武器)
• The goal would be to increase political stability in the region and accelerate the pace of nuclear disarmament.
目标会是促进区内政局的稳定并加快核武器裁减的步伐。 nonproliferation /ˌnɒnprəˌlɪfərˈeɪʃən/
N-UNCOUNT Nonproliferation is the limiting of the production and spread of something such as nuclear or chemical weapons. 防扩散
• ...the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.
...《防止核扩散条约》。 grim /ɡrɪm/ |CET6 TEM4
grimmer grimmest
1.ADJ A situation or piece of information that is grim is unpleasant, depressing, and difficult to accept. 严酷的; 令人沮丧的
• They painted a grim picture of growing crime.
他们描绘了一个犯罪增长的严酷局面。
• There was further grim economic news yesterday.
昨天有更令人沮丧的经济新闻。
2.ADJ A place that is grim is unattractive and depressing in appearance. (地方) 阴沉的
• The city might be grim at first, but there is a vibrancy and excitement.
这个城市也许一开始沉闷，但它有一种活力和激情。 mitigate /ˈmɪtɪˌɡeɪt/ |TEM8mitigatingmitigatedmitigates
V-T To mitigate something means to make it less unpleasant, serious, or painful. 缓解
• ...ways of mitigating the effects of an explosion.
…减轻爆炸后果的方法。 hegemony /hɪˈɡɛmənɪ/ |CET6+ TEM8
N-UNCOUNT Hegemony is a situation in which one country, organization, or group has more power, control, or importance than others. 霸权 unremitting /ˌʌnrɪˈmɪtɪŋ/ |TEM8
1.ADJ Something that is unremitting continues without stopping or becoming less intense. 不停的; 不减的
• I was sent to boarding school, where I spent six years of unremitting misery.
我被送到寄宿学校去，在那里度过了无尽痛苦的六年。
• He watched her with unremitting attention.
他热烈地注视她。
turmoil /ˈtɜːmɔɪl/ |CET6+ TEM8
N-VAR Turmoil is a state of confusion, disorder, uncertainty, or great anxiety. 混乱; 骚乱
• She lived through the turmoil of the French Revolution.
她经历过法国大革命的混乱之后仍旧活着。 escalate /ˈɛskəˌleɪt/ |CET6+ TEM8
escalatingescalatedescalates
1.V-T/V-I If a bad situation escalates or if someone or something escalates it, it becomes greater in size, seriousness, or intensity. 使…加剧; 加剧
• Both unions and management fear the dispute could escalate.
各工会与资方都害怕争端会加剧。
• The protests escalated into five days of rioting.
抗议逐渐升级为5天的暴乱。
2.N-VAR 加剧
• The threat of nuclear escalation remains.
核升级的威胁依然存在。 铸剑为犁[zhù jiàn wéi lí]： 销熔武器以制造务农器具，表达人们愿意放下武器追求和平的愿望。出自孔子及孔子弟子的专著《孔子家语·致思》。 干戈载戢[gàn gē zǎi jí]，意思是指不再诉诸武力。出自《诗经·周颂·时迈》。

“铸剑为犁”雕塑：

1960年，在联合国大厦北花园里竖起了一尊名为“铸剑为犁”的青铜雕塑。这座青铜雕像是苏联的雕塑家叶甫盖尼·维克多罗维奇·符切季奇为了纪念第一次世界和平大会的召开而创作。

雕塑中的青年人一手拿着锤子，另一只手拿着要改铸为犁的剑，象征着人类要求消灭战争，把毁灭人类的武器变为创造的工具，以造福全人类。

2015年9月28日，习近平在第七十届联合国大会一般性辩论时提到这句话，表明了中国一直坚持走独立自主的和平外交正策，希望世界各国能够顺应和平与发展的时代主题，积极推动世界多极化的发展。

希望各国人民更加紧密地团结起来，携手构建合作共赢新伙伴，同心打造人类命运共同体。让铸剑为犁、永不再战的理念深植人心，让发展繁荣、公平正义的理念践行人间！