在江浙沪的交汇处，一座千年古镇托起中国锡器博物馆的文化归位

Ai1933

The Cultural-Geographical Logic and Practical Pathway of Site Selection for the China Pewter Museum: A Case Study of Lili Ancient Town, Suzhou 摘 要

中国锡器博物馆的选址不仅是空间决策，更是文化地理意义上的“文化归位”。本研究以苏州黎里古镇为案例，从文化源头、区位结构、空间语境和旅游协同四个维度出发，探讨锡器文化与地方文化景观之间的耦合关系。

研究表明，苏州作为中国打锡工艺的发源核心区域，黎里古镇凭借其明清建筑规模、江南水乡格局、文化名人传统与长三角区位优势，为锡器文化提供了最适宜的展示与传播生态位。该案例反映出中小型专业博物馆在当代旅游体系中的选址模式，为中国工艺类博物馆的未来布局提供了参考框架。

Abstract

The site selection of the China Pewter Museum is not merely a spatial decision but a cultural-geographical act of “returning the culture to its origin”. Using Lili Ancient Town in Suzhou as a case study, this research examines the coupling between pewter craftsmanship and local cultural landscapes through four analytical dimensions: cultural origins, regional accessibility, spatial context, and tourism synergy.

Findings indicate that Suzhou, as a historical center of pewter craftsmanship, and Lili, with its well-preserved Ming–Qing architecture, Jiangnan water-town morphology, cultural lineage, and strategic position in the Yangtze River Delta, jointly provide the optimal ecological niche for showcasing and disseminating pewter culture. The case offers a reference model for future site selection of craft-oriented museums in China.

一、引言 Introduction

在当前文化产业与旅游产业深度融合的大背景下，中小型专业博物馆的选址策略成为博物馆学、文化地理学与城市规划领域的重要议题。与传统大型综合性博物馆相比，工艺类博物馆更依赖文化语境、地方记忆和旅游动线三者的耦合。中国锡器博物馆以传统工艺为主体，其选址必须同时满足文化真实性、公众可达性与历史空间适配性。

Against the backdrop of deep integration between cultural and tourism industries, the site-selection strategy of small to medium specialized museums has become a key topic in museum studies, cultural geography, and urban planning. Compared with large comprehensive museums, craft-oriented museums rely more heavily on the coupling of cultural context, local memory, and visitor flows. As an institution centered on traditional craftsmanship, the China Pewter Museum must simultaneously satisfy authenticity of culture, accessibility to the public, and spatial compatibility with historical settings.

二、理论框架 Theoretical Framework

2.1 文化地理学：文化源头与地方性

文化地理学强调文化现象必须结合其发生地进行阐释。锡器作为生活器具，其工艺、造型与江南日常生活密切相关，因而在文化逻辑上必须“落回源头”。

Cultural geography emphasizes that cultural phenomena should be interpreted within the context of their place of origin. As a form of domestic craft, pewterware is deeply tied to Jiangnan daily life, making it culturally logical for the museum to be located in its birthplace.

2.2 区位理论：可达性与人流模型

区位理论认为，设施选址需兼顾成本、人流、交通节点和区域协同。对于博物馆而言，这一模型不仅决定观众规模，更决定文化传播效率。

Location theory posits that site selection must balance cost, visitor flow, transportation nodes, and regional synergy. For museums, such a model determines not only audience size but also the effectiveness of cultural dissemination.

2.3 博物馆学：语境展示与情境叙事

博物馆学近二十年强调“语境展示”，即器物必须放回与其形成逻辑一致的空间语境。锡器属于生活器，其文化意义在真实的江南生活空间中更易被观众理解。

Recent museum studies emphasize “contextual display”, meaning that artifacts must be exhibited within spaces consistent with their cultural logic. As a domestic craft, pewter carries deeper meaning when placed within authentic Jiangnan living environments.


三、苏州：作为中国打锡工艺发源地的文化必然性

历史文献显示，苏州自明清以来即为中国打锡工艺的核心区域。苏州工匠主导了生活锡器与文房锡器的审美体系，并对全国工艺标准产生深远影响。因此，中国锡器博物馆落地苏州，是文化回归、历史逻辑与工艺传承的必然选择。

Historical records identify Suzhou as a core region of pewter craftsmanship since the Ming and Qing dynasties. Suzhou artisans shaped the national aesthetics of domestic and scholarly pewterware, exerting long-term influence across China. Thus, locating the China Pewter Museum in Suzhou represents a natural cultural and historical alignment.

四、黎里古镇：最适宜锡器文化的空间生态位

4.1 长三角黄金区位：链接两省一市

黎里位于江苏、浙江、上海交界地带，北连苏州主城，东至上海便利，南接浙江湖州嘉兴，是长三角一体化的重要节点。区位优势保证了博物馆的自然人流基础。

Lili lies at the junction of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai. It connects Suzhou’s main urban district to the north, with convenient access to Shanghai and the Zhejiang cities of Huzhou and Jiaxing. This strategic location ensures stable and sustainable visitor flow.

4.2 中国罕见的“明清建筑大体量古镇”

黎里核心区 0.69 平方公里内保存约 11.7 万平方米历史建筑，其中近 10 万平方米为明清建筑，是苏州保存最完整的古镇之一，也是全国古镇中罕见的大体量遗存。

Within its 0.69 km² core area, Lili preserves approximately 117,000 m² of historical buildings, nearly 100,000 m² of which date from the Ming–Qing period. It ranks among the most architecturally intact ancient towns in Suzhou and China.

4.3 江南生活空间的“实景博物馆”

黎里以丁字形市河、三里长廊棚、12 座古桥、25 条明弄与 90 条暗弄构成鱼骨状格局，是江南生活空间最典型的样本。因此，它能为锡器这一生活器激活真实生活语境。

With its T-shaped river, three-mile corridors, twelve ancient bridges, and a fishbone pattern of alleys, Lili is a living representation of Jiangnan urban life. This makes it an ideal spatial context for interpreting pewter as an everyday craft.

4.4 名人传统与文化叙事的深厚土壤

从柳亚子到殷明珠，再到倪征燠，黎里拥有丰富的文化名人传统，为博物馆叙事体系提供天然支撑。

From Liu Yazi to Yin Mingzhu and Ni Zhengyu, Lili’s heritage of notable historical figures enriches its cultural narrative, supporting deeper storytelling for the museum.

五、讨论 Discussion

5.1 为什么必须是黎里？

苏州是文化源头，而黎里提供了文化传播所需的空间载体、人流机制与情境表达，是唯一能够同时满足三项条件的区位。

Suzhou provides the cultural origin, while Lili offers the spatial vessel, visitor flow, and contextual expression necessary for effective communication of pewter culture. It is the only location that fulfills all three criteria.

5.2 博物馆—古镇—旅游的三重协同

中国锡器博物馆落地黎里不仅是文化选择，也是文化—旅游融合的典型模式，为工艺类博物馆提供了可复制路径。

The museum–ancient town–tourism triad forms a synergistic system in Lili, offering a replicable model for craft-oriented museums nationwide.

六、结论 Conclusion

通过文化地理、区位理论与博物馆学的综合分析可见，中国锡器博物馆与苏州黎里古镇之间具有文化、空间与叙事三重契合。黎里古镇不仅提供历史真实性，也提供文化传播的最佳路径。本研究提出的选址逻辑可为其他工艺类博物馆的未来布局提供学术与实践意义上的参考。

Through the integrated perspectives of cultural geography, location theory, and museum studies, this research demonstrates the cultural, spatial, and narrative compatibility between the China Pewter Museum and Lili Ancient Town. Lili not only ensures historical authenticity but also provides an optimal pathway for cultural dissemination. The site-selection logic presented here offers both academic and practical insights for future planning of craft-focused museums.