黄帝内经(4)‍Yellow Emperor’s the Internal Canon of Medicine ‍‍‍ ‍英文翻译：躍 龍

躍龍

2 四气调神大论篇

The Great Treatise on Regulating the Spirit in Accordance with the Four Qi

【原文】春三月，此谓发陈，天地俱生，万物以荣，夜卧早起，广步于庭，被发缓形，以使志生，生而勿杀，予而勿夺，赏而勿罚，此春气之应，养生之道也。逆之则伤肝，夏为寒变，奉长者少。

　　

【白话文】春季的三个月谓之发陈推出新，生命萌发的时令。天地自然，都富有生气，万物显得欣欣向荣。此时，人们应该入夜即睡眠，早些起身，披散开头发，解开衣带，使形体舒缓，放宽步子，在庭院中漫步，使精神愉快，胸怀开畅，保持万物的生机。不要滥行杀伐，多施与，少敛夺，多奖励，少惩罚，这是适应春季的时令，保养生发之气的方法。如果违逆了春生之气，便变会损伤肝脏，使提供给夏长之气的条件不足，到夏季就会发生寒性病变。

The three months of spring are called the season of renewal, a time of burgeoning life. Heaven and earth are full of vitality, and all things flourish. At this time, people should sleep early at night, rise early, let their hair down, loosen their clothing, relax their bodies, and stroll leisurely in the courtyard to cultivate a cheerful spirit and an open mind, thus preserving the vitality of all things. Avoid indiscriminate killing and destruction; give more and take less; reward more and punish less. This is how to adapt to the spring season and nourish the vital energy of growth. Going against the vital energy of spring will damage the liver, making it insufficient to provide the necessary conditions for the growth of energy in summer, leading to cold-related illnesses in summer.

　　【原文】夏三月，此谓蕃秀，天地气交，万物华实，夜卧早起，无厌于日，使志无怒，使华英成秀，使气得泄，若所爱在外，此夏气之应，养长之道也。逆之则伤心，秋为痎疟，奉收者少，冬至重病。

　　

【白话文】夏季的三个月，谓之蕃秀，是自然界万物繁茂秀美的时令。此时，天气下降，地气上腾，天地之气相交，植物开花结实，长势旺盛，人们应该在夜晚睡眠，早早起身，不要厌恶长日，情志应保持愉快，切勿发怒，要使精神之英华适应夏气以成其秀美，使气机宣畅，通泄自如，精神外向，对外界事物有浓厚的兴趣。这是机会损伤心脏，使提供给秋收之起的条件不足，到秋天容易发生疟疾，冬天再次发生疾病。

The three months of summer are called "Fanxiu," a time when all things in nature flourish and are beautiful. At this time, the air descends, the earth's energy rises, and the energies of heaven and earth intertwine. Plants flower and bear fruit, growing vigorously. People should sleep at night and rise early, not resenting the long days, maintaining a cheerful mood, and avoiding anger. They should allow their spirit to adapt to the summer energy to achieve its beauty, ensuring smooth and unobstructed flow of energy, and fostering an outward-looking spirit with a strong interest in the outside world. However, this period can also damage the heart, making it insufficient for the autumn harvest, increasing susceptibility to malaria in autumn, and potentially leading to illness again in winter.

　　【原文】秋三月，此谓容平，天气以急，地气以明，早卧早起，与鸡俱兴，使志安宁，以缓秋刑，收敛神气，使秋气平，无外其志，使肺气清，此秋气之应，养收之道也。逆之则伤肺，冬为飧泄，奉藏者少。

　　

【白话文】秋季的三个月，谓之容平，自然界景象因万物成熟而平定收敛。此时，天高风急，地气清肃，人应早睡早起，和鸡的活动时间相仿，以保持神志的安宁，减缓秋季肃杀之气对人体的影响；收敛神气，以适应秋季容平的特征，不使神思外驰，以保持肺气的清肃功能，这就是适应秋令的特点而保养人体收敛之气的方法。若为违逆了秋收之气，就会伤及肺脏，使提供给同藏之气的条件不足，冬天就要发生飧泄病。

The three months of autumn are called "Rongping," a time when nature's scenery calms and settles as all things mature. At this time, the sky is high and the wind is strong, the earth's energy is clear and crisp. People should go to bed early and rise early, similar to the activity time of chickens, to maintain mental tranquility and mitigate the effects of autumn's harshness on the body. They should also gather their energy to adapt to the characteristics of autumn's "Rongping," preventing their thoughts from wandering and maintaining the lungs' clearing function. This is the method of adapting to the characteristics of autumn and nourishing the body's energy of gathering. If one goes against the energy of autumn's harvest, it will damage the lungs, making it insufficient to supply the stored energy, leading to diarrhea in winter.

　　【原文】冬三月，此谓闭藏，水冰地坼，无扰乎阳，早卧晚起，必待日光，使志若伏若匿，若有私意，若已有得，去寒就温，无泄皮肤，使气亟夺，此冬气之应，养藏之道也。逆之则伤肾，春为痿厥，奉生者少。

　　

【白话文】冬天的三个月，谓之闭藏，是生机潜伏，万物蛰藏的时令。当此时节，水寒成冰，大地龟裂，人应该早睡晚起，待到日光照耀时起床才好，不要轻易地扰动阳气，妄事操劳，要使神志深藏于内，安静自若，好象有个人的隐秘，严守而不外泄，又象得到的渴望得到的东西，把他密藏起来一样；要守避寒冷，求取温暖，不要使皮肤开泄而令阳气不断地损失，这是适应冬季的气候而保养人体闭藏机能的方法。违逆了冬令的闭藏之气，就要损伤肾脏，使提供给春生之气的条件不足，春天就会发生痿厥之疾。

The three months of winter are called the "hidden period," a time when life forces lie dormant and all things hibernate. During this season, water freezes into ice, and the earth cracks. People should sleep early and rise late, getting up only when the sun shines. They should not easily disturb the yang energy or engage in strenuous activity. They should keep their minds deeply hidden, calm and composed, as if guarding a personal secret, or as if possessing something they deeply desire and keeping it secret. They should avoid the cold and seek warmth, preventing the skin from opening and causing the continuous loss of yang energy. This is how to adapt to the winter climate and maintain the body's hidden function. Going against the hidden energy of winter will damage the kidneys, making it insufficient to provide the energy for spring's growth, leading to weakness and paralysis in spring.