<p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">“独立主格结构”。这是一个非常重要的英语语法点,尤其在书面语中非常常见。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">一、什么是独立主格结构?</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">独立主格结构的核心特点是“独立”和“主格”。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">独立:它不是一个句子,在语法上不依附于主句,而是像一个状语,用逗号与主句隔开。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">主格:它的逻辑主语由名词或代词的主格形式担任。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">简单来说,独立主格结构是一个“名词/代词 + 非谓语动词(或形容词、副词、介词短语等)”的组合。这个名词/代词与后面部分存在逻辑上的主谓关系,但整个结构在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">基本形式: </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"Noun/Pronoun (逻辑主语) + Non-finite Verb / Other Element (逻辑谓语)"</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">二、独立主格结构的特点</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 有自己独立的逻辑主语:这个主语与主句的主语不同。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  错误(悬垂分词):</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"Walking in the park, the flowers were beautiful." (“走路”的主语应该是人,但主句主语是“花”,逻辑错误。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> 正确(独立主格):</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"Time permitting, we will go for a walk." (“Time”是“permitting”的逻辑主语,与主句主语“we”不同,逻辑清晰。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 在句中作状语:相当于一个状语从句。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 用逗号与主句分开:这是它“独立”的标志。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">三、独立主格结构的主要形式</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">以下是独立主格结构最常见的几种形式,我们可以通过一个表格来清晰地对比和理解:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">结构形式 公式 例句 语法功能与说明</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 名词 + 现在分词 </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"Noun + V-ing" Weather permitting, we'll have a picnic tomorrow. </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> (天气允许的话,我们明天去野餐。) 表示主动或进行的动作。逻辑主语是动作的执行者。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 名词 + 过去分词 </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"Noun + V-ed" The work finished, we went home. </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> (工作完成后,我们就回家了。) 表示被动或完成的动作。逻辑主语是动作的承受者。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 名词 + 不定式 </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"Noun + to do" Here are the first two books, the third one to come out next month. </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> (这是前两本书,第三本将于下月出版。) 表示将来或计划中的动作。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. 名词 + 形容词 </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"Noun + Adj." He entered the room, his face pale with anger. </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> (他走进房间,脸色因愤怒而苍白。) 说明逻辑主语的状态或特征。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">5. 名词 + 副词 `Noun + Adv.** 独立主格结构 vs. With的复合结构</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">with/without + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”构成的结构,其用法和意义与独立主格结构非常相似,常可互换,但语气更口语化。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.= The teacher came in, a book in his hand.(老师手里拿着一本书走了进来。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> He sat there, with his eyes closed.= He sat there, his eyes closed.(他闭着眼睛坐在那里。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">五、总结</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">独立主格结构是一个强大的语法工具,它能让你的句子更简洁、更地道、逻辑关系更清晰。掌握它的关键在于:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 识别其构成:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"名词/代词 + 非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语"。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 理解其逻辑:前面的名词/代词是后面部分的逻辑主语。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 明确其功能:在句中作状语,用逗号隔开。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">多读、多分析、多模仿,你就能熟练运用这个结构了。</b></p>  <p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">独立主格结构在高考中的考查形式、真题举例和答案分析。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">独立主格结构在高考中通常不会直接要求“识别独立主格结构”,而是作为一种高级的句法手段,出现在以下几个层面:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 单项选择:要求从选项中选出能最佳连接两个分句的选项,其中一项往往是独立主格结构。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 句子填空:在完形填空或语法填空中,提供一个语境,需要选择正确的非谓语形式,从而构成独立主格。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 书面表达:作为一种高级句式,正确使用独立主格结构能为作文增色,展示语言运用能力。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">下面我们通过几道经典的高考真题或模拟题来分析和讲解。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">高考真题(及经典模拟题)举例与分析</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">例题一:考查 “with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 结构</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">题目:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">The murder was brought in, with his hands ______ behind his back.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">A. being tied</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">B. having tied</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">C. to be tied</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">D. tied</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">答案: D. tied</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">分析:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 结构识别:逗号前后没有连词,且前后主语不一致(前半句主语是</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"The murder",后半部分的主语是</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"his hands")。这种情况下,需要使用独立主格或</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"with"复合结构。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 逻辑关系:双手“被绑”在背后。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"his hands" 和 </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"tie" 之间是被动关系。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 选项辨析:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   A. </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"being tied" 表示“正在被绑”,强调动作的进行,但这里描述的是犯人被带进来时双手已被绑住的一种状态。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  B. </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"having tied" 是主动的完成时,不符合被动语意。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   C. </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"to be tied" 表示“将要被绑”,不符合语境。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   D. </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"tied" 是过去分词,表示完成和被动的状态,完美描述“双手被反绑”的这一伴随状况。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. 句意:凶手被带了进来,双手反绑在身后。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">例题二:考查 “名词 + 现在分词” 结构</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">题目:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">______, the athletes began the game.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">A. The signal giving</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">B. The signal is given</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">C. The signal given</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">D. After the signal given</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">答案: C. The signal given</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">分析:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 结构识别:逗号后是一个完整的句子。逗号前部分没有谓语动词,因此不能是另一个完整的句子(排除B)。这里需要的是一个表示时间的状语,独立主格结构非常适合。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 逻辑关系:信号“被发出”后,运动员开始比赛。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"The signal" 和 </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"give" 之间是被动关系。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 选项辨析:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   A. </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"The signal giving" 是主动关系,意为“信号正在发出...”,逻辑不对。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   B. </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"The signal is given" 是一个完整的句子,但两个完整句子之间不能用逗号连接,除非有连词。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   C. </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"The signal given" 是“名词 + 过去分词”的独立主格结构,表被动和完成,相当于时间状语从句 </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"After the signal was given"。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   D. </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"After the signal given" 是一个错误的表达,正确说法应是 </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"After the signal was given"。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. 句意:信号发出后,运动员们开始了比赛。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">例题三:考查 “名词 + 形容词” 结构(经典例题)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">题目:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">______, we had to wait for the next opportunity.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">A. There was no bus</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">B. There being no bus</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">C. Being no bus</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">D. There be no bus</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">答案: B. There being no bus</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">分析:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 结构识别:这是一个非常经典的考查</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"there be"句型的独立主格结构。同样,逗号后是完整句子,前面需要状语。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 逻辑关系:“没有公交车”是“我们不得不等待下一次机会”的原因。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 选项辨析:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   A. </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"There was no bus" 是完整句子,两个句子间缺少连词。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   B. </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"There being no bus" 是</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"there be"句型的独立主格结构,</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"There" 是形式主语,</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"being" 是现在分词,</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"no bus" 是逻辑主语。整个结构作原因状语,相当于 </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"Because there was no bus"。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   C. </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"Being no bus" 缺少形式主语</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"there",结构不完整。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   D. </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"There be no bus" 是错误结构。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. 句意:因为没有公交车了,我们不得不等待下一次机会。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">高考应用技巧总结</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 看逗号:当遇到一个逗号连接两个部分,且没有</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"and, but, because"等连词时,就要高度警惕是否可能考查非谓语动词或独立主格结构。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 看主语:比较逗号前后两部分的主语。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  如果主语相同,优先考虑使用分词短语作状语(如 </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"Seeing the teacher, I stood up.")。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  如果主语不同,则必须使用独立主格结构(如 </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"Time permitting, I will go.")。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 判关系:判断独立主格中逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系是主动(用doing)还是被动(用done)。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. 熟记高频结构:尤其要掌握 </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"with/without + 宾语 + 宾补" 和 </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"there being" 这两种高频结构。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p>  <p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">独立主格结构的高级和高难用法,关键在于将其运用在复杂的逻辑关系和精妙的意象表达中,而不仅仅是简单的“名词+分词”组合。这些句子通常出现在文学作品、学术论文或高级写作中,能极大地提升语言的简洁性、密度和表现力。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">一、高级独立主格结构的核心特征</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 逻辑隐含性:不直接使用</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"because", </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"when", </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"if"等连词,而是通过结构本身暗示原因、条件、时间、伴随等逻辑关系。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 意象具体性:使用非常具体、生动的名词和分词,创造出电影镜头般的画面感。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 结构复杂性:独立主格中的“逻辑主语”部分可能本身就是一个短语或带有修饰成分。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">二、高难度例句分类解析</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 表达复杂的原因或条件</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">这种用法用独立主格来代替</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"because"或</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"if"引导的从句,使句子更简练、书面化。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">例句: Weather permitting, the launch will proceed as scheduled, a contingency all the technicians had prepared for.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  结构: </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"Weather permitting" (条件) + </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"a contingency..." (同位语式独立主格,对前面整个情况做补充说明)。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  解析: 第一个独立主格表条件“如果天气允许”。第二个</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"a contingency..."是高级用法,其逻辑主语是前面整个主句“发射将按计划进行”这件事,意思是“这是所有技术人员都为此准备了的应急预案”。一个句子包含两个不同功能的独立主格,逻辑层次非常丰富。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">例句: All other avenues of recourse having been exhausted, the defendant had no choice but to appeal to the supreme court.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  结构: </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"All other avenues of recourse having been exhausted" (名词 + 完成时被动分词短语)。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> 解析: 这里表达了强烈的因果关系。“所有其他救济途径都已被耗尽”(原因),所以“被告别无选择”(结果)。使用完成时</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"having been exhausted"强调了“耗尽”这个动作发生在主句动作之前并且其影响持续至今。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 营造强烈的画面感和氛围</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">这是文学作品中常见的用法,通过细节描写烘托气氛或人物的心理状态。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">例句: He stepped into the abandoned room, the floorboards creaking under his weight, a single shaft of moonlight piercing the darkness to illuminate a dust-covered chair.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   结构: </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"the floorboards creaking..." (伴随情况) + </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"a single shaft of moonlight piercing..." (伴随情况)。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  解析: 连续使用两个独立主格,如同电影镜头般推进:先有脚踩地板的吱呀声(听觉),再有一束月光刺破黑暗照亮椅子(视觉)。它们共同描绘出一个生动、立体且充满悬念的场景,远比用</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"and"连接几个句子要精妙。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">例句: She delivered the speech, her voice a steady, compelling force that captivated the entire audience.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  结构: </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"her voice a steady, compelling force..." (名词 + 名词短语)。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  解析: 这是“名词+名词”的独立主格结构,相当于</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"with her voice being a steady..."。它用一种比喻(她的声音是一种力量)的方式,简洁地描绘了主语的状态,极具表现力。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 用于抽象概念和学术写作</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">在议论文或学术文章中,独立主格可以使论证更严谨、逻辑更清晰。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">例句: The data having been rigorously analyzed, the researchers concluded that there was a statistically significant correlation between the two variables.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  结构: </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"The data having been rigorously analyzed" (名词 + 完成时被动分词短语)。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  解析: 清晰地指出了得出结论的前提和基础(数据经过严格分析后),体现了学术写作的客观性和过程性。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">例句: There being no further objections, the motion was passed unanimously.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> 结构: </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"There being no further objections" (存在句的独立主格形式)。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> 解析: 这是一个固定且高级的用法,</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"There"作为逻辑主语,表示“既然没有进一步反对意见”,句子非常正式、简洁,常用于会议记录或法律文书。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">三、使用独立主格结构的要点与建议</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 逻辑主语必须明确:独立主格结构的“主语”与主句的主语不同。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   * 错误: Walking into the room, the chair looked beautiful. (垂悬分词)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> 正确: Walking into the room, he saw the beautiful chair. 或者 He walked into the room, the chair looking beautiful in the sunlight.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 与主句用逗号隔开:这是其最明显的形式标志。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 追求简洁与密度:使用独立主格的核心目的是用更少的词表达更丰富的信息(原因、条件、伴随状况等)。在写作中,有意识地将一些状语从句或并列句改写为独立主格结构,能立刻提升文本的档次。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">练习建议:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">尝试将以下句子改写成含有独立主格结构的高级句子:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">- 原句:Because the budget was cut, the project had to be abandoned.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">- 改写:The budget having been cut, the project had to be abandoned.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">- 原句:The old man sat in his armchair, and a pipe was in his mouth.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">- 改写:The old man sat in his armchair, a pipe clenched between his teeth.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p>  <p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">这是一份关于独立主格结构的经典练习题和答案详解,涵盖了其常见形式和用法,难度由浅入深。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">独立主格结构经典练习题</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">第一部分:概念判断与填空</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">一、选择题:找出含有独立主格结构的句子。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. A. Weather permitting, we will go for a picnic tomorrow.B. He sat in the chair, reading a book.C. The job finished, we all went home happily.D. Being tired, I decided to take a break.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. A. The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.B. The sun having set, we decided to leave.C. She stood there, her heart beating fast.D. Given more time, we could do it better.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">二、填空题:用所给词的适当形式填空,构成独立主格结构。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. The meeting __________ (be) over, we left the room.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. He lay on the grass, his eyes __________ (close).</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. There __________ (be) no bus, we had to walk home.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. The boy followed the man, with a dog __________ (run) after him.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">5. So many people __________ (be) absent, we decided to put the meeting off.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">第二部分:句子改写</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">三、改写句子,使用独立主格结构合并两个简单句。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">示例: The rain stopped. We went out.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">改写为: The rain having stopped, we went out.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. The test was finished. The students began to talk.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. His mother was ill. He had to stay at home to look after her.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. The guide led the way. We had no trouble getting to the village.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. All the money has been spent. I have to look for a part-time job.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">第三部分:翻译与综合运用</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">四、将下列句子翻译成英文,要求使用独立主格结构。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 由于是星期天,图书馆关门了。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 他冲进房间,脸上全是汗水。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 所有因素都考虑在内,这个项目是成功的。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">练习题答案与详解</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">第一部分:概念判断与填空</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">一、选择题</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 答案:A, C</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  详解:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> A: “Weather permitting” 是“名词+现在分词”结构,表示条件。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  B: “reading a book” 是现在分词短语作伴随状语,其逻辑主语是主句主语“He”,不是独立主格。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   C: “The job finished” 是“名词+过去分词”结构,表示时间。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  D: “Being tired” 是现在分词短语作原因状语,其逻辑主语是主句主语“I”,不是独立主格。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 答案:A, B, C</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   详解:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">      * A: “with a book in his hand” 是“with + 名词 + 介词短语”结构,是独立主格的一种常见形式。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   B: “The sun having set” 是“名词+现在分词的完成式”结构,表示时间。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> C: “her heart beating fast” 是“名词+现在分词”结构,表示伴随状况。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   D: “Given more time” 是过去分词短语作条件状语,其逻辑主语是主句主语“we”,不是独立主格。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">二、填空题</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 答案: being</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> 详解: “The meeting being over” 是“名词+形容词”结构。会议“结束”是一种状态,用形容词“over”表示,前面加“being”(通常可省略,但填空时保留更规范)。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 答案: closed</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> 详解: “his eyes closed” 是“名词+过去分词”结构。眼睛是“被闭上”的,表示被动或完成的状态,所以用过去分词“closed”。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 答案: being</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> 详解: “There being no bus” 是“There be”句型的独立主格形式,表示原因。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. 答案: running</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> 详解: “with a dog running after him” 是“with + 名词 + 现在分词”结构。狗是“主动地跑”,表示主动、进行的动作,用现在分词“running”。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">5. 答案: being</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> 详解: “So many people being absent” 是“名词+形容词”结构。许多人“缺席”是一种状态,用形容词“absent”表示,前面加“being”。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">第二部分:句子改写</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 原句: The test was finished. The students began to talk.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> 改写: The test (being) finished, the students began to talk.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> 详解: 将第一个句子改为独立主格结构“名词+过去分词”,作时间状语。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"being" 可省略。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 原句: His mother was ill. He had to stay at home to look after her.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> 改写: His mother being ill, he had to stay at home to look after her.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> 详解: 将第一个句子改为独立主格结构“名词+形容词”,作原因状语。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">"being" 通常不省略。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 原句: The guide led the way. We had no trouble getting to the village.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> 改写: The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting to the village.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  详解: 将第一个句子改为独立主格结构“名词+现在分词”,作原因状语。向导“带领”是主动、进行的动作。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. 原句: All the money has been spent. I have to look for a part-time job.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> 改写: All the money having been spent, I have to look for a part-time job.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> 详解: 花钱的动作在“找兼职”之前已经完成,所以用现在分词的完成式“having been spent”。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">第三部分:翻译与综合运用</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 翻译: It being Sunday, the library was closed.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">(或 As it was Sunday, ... 但此题要求用独立主格)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 翻译: He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">(“脸上布满汗水”是被动状态,用“名词+过去分词”结构)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 翻译: All things considered, the project is successful.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">(这是一个非常经典的独立主格用法,意为“通盘考虑下来”)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">总结:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">独立主格结构的核心是拥有自己的逻辑主语,该主语与主句主语不同。其主要构成方式有:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">名词/代词 + 现在分词(表主动、进行)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">名词/代词 + 过去分词(表被动、完成)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">名词/代词 + 形容词/副词/介词短语(表状态)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"> with/without + 名词/代词 + 上述成分</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">There being + 名词 (表存在)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p>  <p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">这里准备了50个经典的独立主格结构句子及其翻译。这些句子涵盖了独立主格最常见的几种形式(如with复合结构、名词/代词+分词/介词短语等),并展示了其在句中的多种功能(如表时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等)。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">独立主格结构(Absolute Phrase) 由“名词或代词(作为逻辑主语)+ 非谓语动词(现在分词、过去分词、不定式)、形容词、副词或介词短语”构成,在句中作状语,与主句之间用逗号隔开。它拥有自己独立的逻辑主语,与主句的主语不同。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">50个经典的独立主格结构句子(中英对照)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. Weather permitting, we will go for a picnic tomorrow.天气允许的话,我们明天去野餐。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. The meeting being over, everyone left the room.会议结束了,大家都离开了房间。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. He stood there, his hands in his pockets.他站在那里,双手插在口袋里。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. She sat quietly by the window, tears rolling down her cheeks.她安静地坐在窗边,泪水顺着脸颊滑落。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">5. There being no taxis, we had to walk home.因为没有出租车,我们只好步行回家。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">6. He lay on the grass, his eyes closed.他躺在草地上,双眼紧闭。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">7. All things considered, it's a good plan.从各方面考虑,这是个不错的计划。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">8. We divided the work, he to clean the window and I to sweep the floor.我们分配了工作,他擦窗户,我扫地。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">9. With the guide leading the way, we started our journey into the forest.在向导的带领下,我们开始了森林之旅。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">10. His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker couldn't make himself heard.他的声音被噪音淹没了,演讲者无法让人听清他的话。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">11. The problem solved, we all felt relieved.问题解决了,我们都松了一口气。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">12. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他从图书馆出来,腋下夹着一本厚书。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">13. It being Sunday, the library was closed.因为是星期天,图书馆关门了。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">14. With so much work to do, I can't go to the movies with you.有这么多工作要做,我不能和你去看电影了。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">15. The old man was reading, his dog sleeping at his feet.老人在看书,他的狗睡在他脚边。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">16. The signal given, the train started.信号发出后,火车开动了。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">17. He fell asleep with the lamp burning.他亮着灯就睡着了。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">18. Night coming on, we hurried home.夜幕降临,我们急忙赶回家。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">19. She entered the room, her face red with cold.她走进房间,脸冻得通红。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">20. With the first task completed, he moved on to the the next.第一项任务完成后,他继续下一项。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">21. His money having been stolen, he had to borrow some from his friend.他的钱被偷了,他不得不向朋友借一些。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">22. He being absent, nothing could be done.他不在,什么事也做不成。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">23. The two parties reached an agreement, the details to be worked out later.双方达成了协议,具体细节稍后敲定。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">24. With the exam approaching, the students are studying very hard.随着考试临近,学生们都在努力学习。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">25. He was waiting, his eyes fixed on the door.他等待着,目光紧盯着门。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">26. The sun having risen, they continued their journey.太阳升起后,他们继续赶路。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">27. So many people being absent, the meeting had to be postponed.由于这么多人缺席,会议不得不推迟。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">28. He died with his life's work still unfinished.他去世了,一生的作品仍未完成。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">29. With the children at school, the house is quiet during the day.孩子们在学校,房子白天很安静。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">30. She walked along the path, her mother following close behind.她沿着小路走,母亲紧跟在后面。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">31. The door locked, he felt safe.门锁上了,他感到安全了。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">32. He sat in the front row, his hands folded.他坐在前排,双手交叉着。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">33. With time going by, we learned to accept it.随着时间的流逝,我们学会了接受它。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">34. The report having been read, a lively discussion began.报告宣读完毕后,开始了热烈的讨论。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">35. He was left alone in an empty room, with no one to talk to.他被独自留在一个空房间里,没人可以说话。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">36. The storm approaching, the fishermen returned to the harbor.暴风雨即将来临,渔民们返回了港口。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">37. His health failing, he resigned from his post.由于健康状况恶化,他辞去了职务。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">38. She stared at the picture, her mouth open.她盯着照片,张着嘴。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">39. With all the windows open, the room is cool.所有的窗户都开着,房间里很凉爽。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">40. The key lost, he couldn't enter the house.钥匙丢了,他进不了屋。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">41. Dinner finished, we went for a walk.晚餐结束后,我们去散步。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">42. He fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon.他与狼搏斗,一根棍子是他唯一的武器。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">43. With nobody noticing, I slipped out of the room.趁没人注意,我溜出了房间。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">44. The work done, we felt a great sense of relief.工作完成后,我们感到极大的轻松。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">45. He was listening attentively, his head slightly tilted.他正专心地听着,头微微倾斜着。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">46. Spring coming, the trees turn green.春天来了,树木变绿了。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">47. With the teacher's help, he has made great progress.在老师的帮助下,他取得了很大的进步。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">48. The guests having left, she began to clean up the room.客人们离开后,她开始打扫房间。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">49. He was too nervous to speak, with his knees shaking.他紧张得说不出话来,膝盖发抖。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">50. Everything taken into consideration, his proposal is quite good.把一切都考虑进去,他的建议相当不错。</b></p>  <p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">基础回顾开始,然后重点讲解特殊用法,并提供丰富的例句。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">一、 基础回顾:什么是独立主格结构?</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">独立主格结构本质上是一个“带有自己主语的状语”。它在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况,但其逻辑主语与主句的主语不同。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">核心构成: 名词/代词 + 非谓语动词(现在分词、过去分词、不定式) / 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">基本特征:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 有自己独立的逻辑主语。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 与主句用逗号隔开。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 在句中充当状语。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">基本例句:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· 时间: Weather permitting, we will go hiking tomorrow. (天气允许的话,我们明天去徒步。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· 原因: The test finished, all the students felt relieved. (考试结束了,所有学生都松了一口气。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· 伴随: He stood there, his hand raised. (他站在那里,举着手。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">---</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">二、 特殊与高级用法</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. “With/Without” 复合结构</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">这是最常见、最实用的“特殊”独立主格。它在独立主格结构前加上了介词 with 或 without,使逻辑关系更清晰。这种结构在口语和书面语中都极为常见。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">构成: With/Without + 名词/代词 + 非谓语/形容词/副词/介词短语</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">作用: 主要表示伴随情况、原因、条件等,使画面感更强。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">分类举例:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· With + 名词 + 现在分词 (表示主动或正在进行)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  · With the children laughing and playing in the garden, the house was full of joy. (孩子们在花园里嬉笑玩耍,房子里充满了欢乐。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  · He fell asleep with the light still burning. (他睡着了,灯还亮着。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· With + 名词 + 过去分词 (表示被动或完成状态)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  · With all the work done, she decided to take a break. (所有工作都完成了,她决定休息一下。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  · He walked in with his head held high. (他昂着头走了进来。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· With + 名词 + 介词短语</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  · The teacher came in with a book in his hand. (老师手里拿着一本书走了进来。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  · With tears in her eyes, she said goodbye. (她含着泪说了再见。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· With + 名词 + 形容词</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  · He likes to sleep with the window open. (他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  · Don‘t speak with your mouth full. (嘴里有食物时不要说话。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· With + 名词 + 副词</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  · With the meeting over, everyone went home. (会议结束了,大家都回家了。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· Without + ... (表示否定或缺少)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  · Without anyone noticing, he slipped out of the room. (没人注意到,他溜出了房间。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">  · She can’t concentrate without the room being quiet. (房间不安静她无法集中精神。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 独立主格作“评注性状语”</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">这种用法不是描述主句动作发生的背景,而是表达说话者对主句内容的看法、评论或态度。它相当于一个副词或插入语。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· To tell the truth, I don‘t like the movie very much. (说实话,我不太喜欢这部电影。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· Generally speaking, dogs are more loyal than cats. (总的来说,狗比猫更忠诚。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· All things considered, this is a pretty good deal. (从各方面考虑,这是一笔相当不错的交易。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· That being said, we still need to be cautious. (话虽如此,我们仍需谨慎。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 逻辑主语是“it”或“there”的独立主格</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">当独立主格结构表示天气、时间或存在时,常用 it 或 there 作逻辑主语。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· It being Sunday, the library was closed. (因为是星期天,图书馆关门了。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· There being no further business, the meeting was adjourned. (因为没有其他事项,会议休会了。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· It being very cold, we made a fire. (天气很冷,我们生了火。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. 名词/代词 + 不定式</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">这种结构表示未来的动作或未发生的情况。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. (这是前两卷,第三卷将于下月出版。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· We divided the work, he to clean the window and I to sweep the floor. (我们分了工,他擦窗户,我扫地。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">5. 省略 being 的独立主格</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">在上下文清晰的情况下,being 经常被省略,使表达更简洁。这在书面英语中非常普遍。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· Breakfast over, he went to work. (= Breakfast being over...) (早餐结束后,他去上班了。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· He entered the room, his face (being) pale. (他走进房间,脸色苍白。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· The old man sat in the chair, his eyes (being) closed. (老人坐在椅子上,闭着双眼。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">---</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">三、 总结与使用建议</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">用法类别 结构示例 功能与意义</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">基础用法 名词 + 分词/形容词等 表示时间、原因、条件、伴随</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">With复合结构 With/Without + 名词 + 分词/介词短语等 增强画面感,明确逻辑关系,用途最广</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">评注性状语 Frankly speaking, ... 表达说话者的态度或评论</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">It/There 主语 It being rainy, ... 表示天气、时间或存在</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">不定式结构 ..., the third to come later 表示未来的动作</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">省略 Being He stood, hand (being) in pocket 使语言更简洁、地道</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">使用建议:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 提升简洁性:用独立主格代替冗长的状语从句,使句子结构紧凑。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 增强画面感:With 结构和省略 being 的结构能像电影镜头一样,描绘出丰富的细节。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 体现语言水平:熟练使用评注性独立主格和 it/there 结构,是英语达到高级水平的重要标志。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p>  <p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">独立主格结构高级句型解析</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">在掌握了“名词+分词/形容词”等基本结构后,以下高级句型能让你的英文写作更具学术性、简洁性和逻辑深度。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 抽象名词 + 介词短语</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">这种结构用于表达某种状态或条件,非常书面化。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· All things considered, it was a great success. (通盘考虑,这是一个巨大的成功。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· Everything in order, they began the experiment. (一切就绪,他们开始了实验。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 表示“伴随论证或证据”</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">用于引入一个支撑主句观点的事实或数据,常见于议论文和学术写作。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· More time given, we could have achieved a better result. (如果给予更多时间,我们本可以取得更好的结果。)-> 表示条件</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· The data having been collected, the next step is analysis. (数据已收集完毕,下一步是分析。)-> 表示时间先后</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· This point established, we can proceed to the next argument. (这一点确定后,我们可以进行下一个论点。)-> 表示逻辑基础</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 与主句形成“因果关系”的紧凑表达</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">通过使用不同的分词(完成式having done),清晰地表达动作的先后和因果关系。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· The storm having destroyed the bridge, the village was cut off from the outside world. (暴风雨摧毁了桥梁,该村庄与外界隔绝了。)-> “摧毁”发生在“隔绝”之前,且是其原因。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· He having refused the offer, there was nothing more we could do. (既然他已经拒绝了提议,我们再也无能为力。)-> 他的拒绝是“我们无能为力”的直接原因。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. “There being + 名词” 表示“由于存在/不存在”</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">这是一种非常地道的表达存在状态的独立主格。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· There being no evidence against him, the suspect was released. (由于没有不利于他的证据,嫌疑人被释放了。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· There being little time left, we decided to take a taxi. (由于时间所剩无几,我们决定乘出租车。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">5. 用于“重新定义或总结”的评注性结构</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">这些固定短语作为独立主格,起到承上启下、总结评论的作用。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· Everything taken into consideration, our plan is fundamentally sound. (从各方面考虑,我们的计划基本是合理的。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· That being the case, we need to change our strategy. (情况既然如此,我们需要改变策略。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">· As previously mentioned, the project is behind schedule. (如前所述,项目进度已落后。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">独立主格结构高级试题</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">第一部分:选择题(单选)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. ______, the negotiation had to be postponed.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   A. The key person was absent</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   B. The key person being absent</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   C. Because the key person absent</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   D. The key person absent</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. ______, the company issued a public apology.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   A. The scandal exposed</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   B. The scandal having been exposed</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   C. With the scandal exposing</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   D. After exposed the scandal</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. The lecture was fascinating, ______.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   A. with every student listened intently</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   B. every student listening intently</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   C. with every student listening intently</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   D. both B and C are correct</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. ______, we have decided to cancel the outdoor event.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   A. The weather forecast is unfavorable</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   B. The weather forecast being unfavorable</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   C. It is an unfavorable weather forecast</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   D. Due to the weather forecast unfavorable</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">5. ______, the theory is now widely accepted.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   A. All the data points to the same conclusion</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   B. With all the data pointing to the same conclusion</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   C. All the data pointed to the same conclusion</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   D. It is all the data pointing to the same conclusion</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">第二部分:合并与改写句子</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">使用独立主格结构将以下每组句子合并成一个句子。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. The old year ended. A new one began, full of hopes and challenges.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   →</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. All the necessary preparations were complete. We set off on our journey at dawn.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   →</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. There was no dissent. The proposal was passed unanimously.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   →</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. He had failed in his first attempt. He was determined to try again.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   →</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">5. The sun had set. We continued our work under the bright lights.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">第三部分:中译英</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">使用独立主格结构翻译以下句子。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 问题已经解决,会议提前结束了。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 他静静地坐在角落里,双眼紧闭。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 由于没有其他候选人,她自动当选为主席。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. 考虑到所有因素,这个价格是合理的。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">试题答案</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">第一部分:选择题</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. B (这是标准的独立主格结构,表示原因。D缺少了being。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. B (“丑闻被曝光”发生在“公司道歉”之前,且是被动关系,故使用完成式的被动语态 having been exposed 最准确。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. D (B是标准的独立主格,C是with复合结构,两者在此语境下都正确且意思相同。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. B (这是表示原因的独立主格结构,最简洁地道。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">5. B (With复合结构在这里作原因状语,表示“鉴于所有数据都指向同一结论”。A和C是完整的句子,但两个完整句子不能用逗号连接。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">第二部分:合并与改写句子</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. The old year ended, a new one beginning, full of hopes and challenges. (或 ...with a new one beginning...)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. All the necessary preparations complete, we set off on our journey at dawn. (省略being)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. There being no dissent, the proposal was passed unanimously.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. He having failed in his first attempt, he was determined to try again. (注意:主句主语是he,独立主格逻辑主语也是he,这是允许的,但要注意逻辑关系。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">5. The sun having set, we continued our work under the bright lights.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">第三部分:中译英</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. The problem (having been) solved, the meeting ended early.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. He sat quietly in the corner, his eyes closed.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. There being no other candidates, she was automatically elected chairperson.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. Everything taken into consideration, the price is reasonable. (或 All things considered...)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p>  <p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">这里是一份关于独立主格结构的综合练习题,从基础到进阶,并附有详细的答案和解析,独立主格结构讲解(简要复习)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">定义:独立主格结构由一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语)和一个非谓语动词(现在分词、过去分词、不定式)、形容词、副词或介词短语(作为逻辑谓语)构成。它在句中起状语作用,表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">特点:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 有自己独立的逻辑主语,与主句主语不同。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 不是句子,只是一个短语。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 与主句用逗号隔开。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. 其形式为:名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/介词短语/不定式。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">第一部分:基础识别与填空练习</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">练习一:识别句子中的独立主格结构</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. Weather permitting, we will go for a picnic tomorrow.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. The meeting over, everyone went back to their offices.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. She sat at the desk, her head bent over a book.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">5. So many people to help, we are sure to finish the work on time.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">练习二:用所给词的适当形式填空(主要使用现在分词或过去分词)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. The test ________ (finish), we began our holiday.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. He lay on the grass, his eyes ________ (look) at the sky.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. The boy followed the man here, and climbed in, sword in ________ (hand).</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. Nobody ________ (have) any more to say, the meeting was closed.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">5. Her money ________ (steal), the little girl didn't know what to do.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">---</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">第二部分:句型转换练习</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">练习三:将括号内的句子转换为独立主格结构</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. (As all the work had been done), we felt very relieved.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   → _________________________________________________________</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. (If time allows), I will visit the museum.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   → _________________________________________________________</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. The old man was reading a novel. (And his dog was sleeping beside him.)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   → The old man was reading a novel, _________________________________.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. (Because her mother was ill), she had to stay at home.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   → _________________________________________________________</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">5. (After the job was done), we went home straight away.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   → _________________________________________________________</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">第三部分:综合运用与改错</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">练习四:选择最佳选项完成句子</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. __________, the soldiers decided to go on.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   A. The night was dark</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   B. The night being dark</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   C. Being dark night</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   D. The dark night</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. There __________ no bus, we had to walk home.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   A. was</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   B. being</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   C. had</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   D. is</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. The problem __________, they went back to their respective posts.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   A. solved</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   B. solving</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   C. to solve</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">   D. was solved</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">练习五:找出并改正句子中的错误</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. He stood there, his hand raised.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. With the guide lead the way, we found the house easily.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. Spring come, the trees turn green.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. She sat silently, her eyes fixed on the ceiling.</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">参考答案与解析</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">练习一答案与解析:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. Weather permitting (表示条件)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. his face covered with sweat (表示伴随状态)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. The meeting over (名词 + 副词,表示时间)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. her head bent over a book (表示伴随状态)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">5. So many people to help (名词 + 不定式,表示原因)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">练习二答案与解析:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. finished (逻辑主语The test和finish是被动关系,用过去分词)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. looking (逻辑主语his eyes和look是主动关系,用现在分词)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. hand (sword in hand是固定用法,名词 + 介词短语,表示伴随)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. having (逻辑主语Nobody和have是主动关系,用现在分词)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">5. stolen (逻辑主语Her money和steal是被动关系,用过去分词)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">练习三答案与解析:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. All the work having been done, we felt very relieved. (原因)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. Time allowing, I will visit the museum. (条件)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. The old man was reading a novel, his dog sleeping beside him. (伴随)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. Her mother being ill, she had to stay at home. (原因)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">5. The job done, we went home straight away. (时间)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">练习四答案与解析:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. B。 独立主格结构,The night是逻辑主语,与be是主动关系,用being。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. B。 There being...是独立主格结构的固定形式,表示原因。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. A。 逻辑主语The problem和solve是被动关系,用过去分词solved。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">练习五答案与解析:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">1. 正确。 (his hand和raise是被动关系,raised是过去分词,正确。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">2. 错误。 改为:With the guide leading the way... (在with复合结构中,the guide和lead是主动关系,应用现在分词leading)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">3. 错误。 改为:Spring coming, the trees turn green. (Spring和come是主动关系,应用现在分词coming)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">4. 正确。 (her eyes和fix是被动关系,fixed是过去分词,正确。)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p>