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AMS (Acute Mountain Sickness ) ／Altitude sickness
高 原 反 应

Altitude sickness (Acute Mountain Sickness - AMS) occurs when the body fails to adapt to reduced oxygen at high elevations.
高原反应（急性高山症）是人体未能适应高海拔缺氧环境时发生的症状。

Common symptoms include headache, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
常见症状包括头痛、恶心、头晕、疲劳和呼吸困难。

Severe cases may progress to HACE (High-Altitude Cerebral Edema) or HAPE (High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema), which are life-threatening.
严重时可能发展为高原脑水肿（HACE）或高原肺水肿（HAPE），危及生命。

Prevention is key: Ascend gradually, allowing 1-2 days for acclimatization above 3,000m.
预防至关重要：超过海拔3000米后需缓慢上升，预留1-2天适应期。

Maintain hydration by drinking 3-4 liters of water daily; avoid alcohol and strenuous activity.
每日饮水3-4升保持水分，避免饮酒和剧烈运动。

Medications like acetazolamide (Diamox) can aid prevention but require doctor consultation.
乙酰唑胺（丹木斯）等药物可辅助预防，但需遵医嘱使用。

If mild symptoms appear: Stop ascending, rest, hydrate, and consider using portable oxygen.
出现轻微症状时：停止上升、充分休息、补充水分，可考虑便携氧气。

Immediate descent is the most effective treatment for worsening symptoms.
症状恶化时，立即下撤是最有效的救治方式。

For HACE/HAPE: Administer oxygen, dexamethasone (for HACE), nifedipine (for HAPE), and evacuate immediately.
发生脑/肺水肿时：立即吸氧，使用地塞米松（脑水肿）或硝苯地平（肺水肿），并紧急撤离。

Never ignore symptoms; proper preparation and response save lives in Tibet's extreme altitudes.
切勿忽视症状，在西藏极高海拔地区，充分的准备和正确的应对能挽救生命。