<p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">《江雪》</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">唐·柳宗元</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">千山鸟飞绝,万径人踪灭。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">孤舟蓑笠翁,独钓寒江雪。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">译文</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(57, 181, 74);">群山中的鸟儿飞得不见踪影,所有的道路都不见人的踪迹。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(57, 181, 74);">江面孤舟上一位披戴着蓑笠的老翁,独自在寒冷的江面上钓鱼。</span></p><p class="ql-block"></p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">字词注释</b></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">(1)绝:无,没有。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">江雪</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">(2)万径:虚指,指千万条路。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">(3)人踪:人的脚印。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">(4)孤:孤零零。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">(5)蓑笠(suō lì):蓑衣和斗笠。蓑:古代用来防雨的衣服;笠:古代用来防雨的帽子,用竹篾编成。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">(6)独:独自。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">作品鉴赏</b></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">诗人只用了二十个字,就描绘了一幅幽静寒冷的画面:在下着大雪的江面上,一叶小舟,一个老渔翁,独自在寒冷的江心垂钓。诗人向读者展示的,是这样一些内容:天地之间是如此纯洁而寂静,一尘不染,万籁无声;渔翁的生活清高,渔翁的性格孤傲。其实,这正是诗人由于憎恨当时那个一天天在走下坡路的唐代社会而创造出来的一个幻想境界,比陶渊明《桃花源记》里的人物,要显得虚无缥缈,远离尘世。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">《江雪》是唐代诗人柳宗元于永州创作的一首五言绝句。诗人只用了二十个字,就描绘了一幅幽静寒冷的画面,在下着大雪的江面上,一叶小舟,一个老渔翁,独自在寒冷的江心垂钓。借以表达诗人在遭受打击之后不屈而又深感孤寂的情绪。</b></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">唐顺宗永贞元年(805),柳宗元参加了王叔文集团发动的永贞革新运动,改革很快失败,柳宗元被贬为永州司马,流放十年。此诗作于柳宗元谪居永州期间,以极端简练的笔法勾勒出天地纯白的画面:</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">千山万径的飞鸟人迹全然消失,只剩一叶孤舟上的蓑笠老翁,在漫天飞雪中垂钓寒江。字面写景实则写人,"绝""灭"二字强化了环境的绝对空寂,"孤""独"则凸现出渔翁遗世独立的形象。诗人身处政治寒冬仍坚持理想的高洁品格,在这幅极具视觉冲击力的水墨画卷中得到了诗意升华。诗中运用典型概括的手法,选择千山万径,人鸟绝迹这种最能表现山野严寒的典型景物,描绘大雪纷飞,天寒地冻的图景;接着勾画独钓寒江的渔翁形象,借以表达诗人在遭受打击之后坚韧不屈、坚守信念却又深感孤寂的情绪。全诗构思独特,语言简洁凝练,意蕴丰富。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(57, 181, 74);">从构图看,前两句大笔渲染的苍茫雪景与后两句聚焦的微观形象形成强烈对比,恰似传统山水画的留白艺术。动静处理上,"鸟飞绝""人踪灭"的消逝动态与渔翁凝固般的垂钓姿态构成哲学张力。"寒江雪"三字打破常规语法,将严寒具象化为可视的白色结晶,赋予诗歌雕塑般的质感。渔翁形象既可看作诗人精神化身,也可理解为对独立人格的诗意礼赞,这种多重解读正是此诗历久弥新的魅力所在。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">创作背景</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">《江雪》这首诗作于柳宗元谪居永州期间(805—815)[7]。唐顺宗永贞元年(805),柳宗元参加了王叔文集团发动的永贞革新运动,推行内抑宦官、外制藩镇、维护国家统一的政治措施。但由于反动势力的联合反对,改革很快失败,柳宗元被贬为永州司马,流放十年,实际上过着被管制、软禁的“拘囚”生活。险恶的环境压迫,并没有把他压垮。在政治上不利,他就把人生的价值和理想志趣,通过诗歌来加以展现。这首诗便是其中一首代表作。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">玩哈英语:</b></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">Snow in the River</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">By Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187); font-size:20px;">All the birds have flown away from </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187); font-size:20px;">a thousand mountains,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187); font-size:20px;">All the paths are deserted, no footprints </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187); font-size:20px;">to be seen.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187); font-size:20px;">An old man in a straw rain cape and hat,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187); font-size:20px;">Fishing alone on a snowy river.</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">snowy /ˈsnəʊɪ/ (snowier, snowiest)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">1ADJ A snowy place is covered in snow. A snowy day is a day when a lot of snow has fallen. 积雪覆盖的/下雪多的</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">...the snowy peaks of the Bighorn Mountains.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">…比格霍恩山白雪皑皑的群峰。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">It was snowy and everything looked white. </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">雪很大,一切看起来都白茫茫的。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">Blue sky, clear lakes, green grasslands and </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">snowy mountains are all our treasures.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);"> 湛蓝的天空,清澈的湖水,碧绿的草原,雪山,都是我们的财富。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187); font-size:22px;">It is dangerous to climb a mountain on snowy days. </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">下雪天爬山是很危险的。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">We strode across the snowy fields. </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">我们大步流星地穿过雪封的旷野。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187); font-size:15px;">Cars and horses couldn't travel on the snowy roads. </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250); font-size:15px;">汽车和马匹不能在积雪的道路上行驶。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">I hate the snowy winters. </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">我讨厌下雪的冬日。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:15px; color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">The snowy main peak towers above all the others. </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:15px; color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">白雪皑皑的主峰高耸在群峦之上。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">It's like a blue mirror shining between snowy mountains and grasslands. </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">它就像一面蓝色的镜子,在雪山和草原之间闪耀。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">A week later, on a snowy afternoon, I heard someone knocking at the door. </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250); font-size:15px;">一个星期后,在一个下雪的午后,我听到有人敲门。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">He looks kind with snowy hair. </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">白的头发使他看上去很和善。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">许渊冲先生对这首诗的英译也很绝妙:</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">Fishing in Snow</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">(translated by Xu Yuanchong)</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">From hill to hill no bird in flight,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">From path to path no man in sight.</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">A lonely fisherman afloat,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">Is fishing snow in lonely boat.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">把这首诗翻译成英语是什么样?</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(57, 181, 74);">“千山”不是“一千座山”,也不是“很多山”。“万径”不是“一万条路”,也不是“很多路”。“绝”和“灭”其实都是说“没有”。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(57, 181, 74);">“孤”和“独”其实就是“孤独”。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(57, 181, 74);">“蓑笠翁”也是“渔翁”。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">“江雪”被翻译成了Fishing in Snow,字面意思为“在雪中钓鱼”。“江雪”二字虽并未提及“钓鱼”,但全诗正是在描写“在雪中钓鱼”的场景,这也是本诗的中心。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(255, 138, 0);">“千山”译为From hill to hill(从一座山到另一座山),“万径”译为From path to path(从一条路到另一条路)。这样重复的简单的语言,却描绘了一个宏大的场景。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(57, 181, 74);">“鸟飞绝”三个字no bird in flight(没有鸟在飞),“人踪灭”三个字为no man in sight(没有人被看见)。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(57, 181, 74);">用“介词in + 动作的名词形式”表示“该动作正在进行的状态”。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">后两句译文在语序上进行了调整,字面意思为“一个孤独的渔翁在孤独的小船上钓鱼”。这样处理既符合了英文重“形”的表达逻辑,又通过afloat和boat实现了韵律的美感。同时,这样简单的语序也贴合了原诗所呈现的素静的意境。再者,afloat表示漂浮着,加之两个lonely分别描述了在“孤舟”上“独钓”的孤独感。这也契合了作者柳宗元在参与“永贞革新”失败而被流放后孤独漂泊的心境。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:15px; color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">全诗前两句描绘了近乎死寂的雪景,后两句虽然描写孤独的垂钓老汉,却给这寂静的环境点缀了一份生气。联想到柳宗元的遭遇,这份生气实际上表达了诗人的那点孤傲之气。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:15px; color:rgb(57, 181, 74);">李瑛在《诗法易简录》中说:“前二句不沾着“雪”字,而确是雪景,可称空灵,末句一点便足。”徐增也在《而庵说唐诗》中说:“余谓此诗乃子厚在贬时所作以自寓也。当此途穷日短,可以归矣,而犹依泊于此,岂为一官所系耶?一官无味如钓寒江之鱼,终亦无所得而已,余岂效此翁者哉!”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">虽然中英两种语言文化背景不同,表达逻辑有异,然而许渊冲先生凭借对中文的深刻理解和对英语高超的驾驭能力,依然能巧妙地用异国语言将这首诗的精神翻译出来,完全符合“信达雅”的三个标准。</span></p><p class="ql-block"></p><p class="ql-block"></p><p class="ql-block"></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">"Snow on the River"</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);"> - Liu Zongyuan, Tang Dynasty</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">All the birds have flown away from a thousand mountains,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">All the paths are deserted, no footprints to be seen.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">An old man in a straw rain cape and hat,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">Fishing alone on a cold river in the snow.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">This poem can make one feel as if they were right there. The first two lines immediately place one in a vast world, where all is silent and still, with only oneself present, and a sense of loneliness sweeps over the whole body.</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">孤舟蓑笠翁,独钓寒江雪。 </span></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">A straw-cloaked man in a boat, fishing on river clad in snow.</b></p><p class="ql-block"></p> <p class="ql-block">cape</p><p class="ql-block"> A cape is a short cloak. 披肩</p><p class="ql-block">...a woollen cape.</p><p class="ql-block">…一件羊毛披肩。</p> <p class="ql-block">s t ra w-cloaked man</p><p class="ql-block">Cloaked</p><p class="ql-block"> 披着斗篷/穿着斗篷或类似覆盖物的。</p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">clad /klæd/ TEM8</b></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">1ADJ If you are clad in particular clothes, you are wearing them. 身着…服装的</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">...the figure of a woman, clad in black.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">…一个身穿黑衣的女子的身影。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">Johnson was clad casually in slacks and a light blue golf shirt.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">约翰逊随意地穿着一条休闲裤和一件淡蓝色的高尔夫衬衫。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">2COMB in ADJ Clad is also a combining form. 构词法,表示“穿着...衣服”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">...the leather-clad biker.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">…那个身着皮衣的摩托车手。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">3ADJ A building, part of a building, or mountain that is clad with something is covered by that thing. 被…覆盖的</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">The walls and floors are clad with ceramic tiles.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">墙面和地板都贴上了瓷砖。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">4COMB in ADJ Clad is also a combining form. 构词法,表示“…覆盖的”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">...the distant shapes of snow-clad mountains.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">…白雪覆盖的群山远景。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">5V to bond a metal to (another metal), esp to form a protective coating 把两块金属黏在一起(以形成保护层)</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">straw /strɔː/ CET4 TEM4</b></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">1N-UNCOUNT Straw consists of the dried, yellowish stalks from crops such as wheat or barley. 麦杆; 稻草</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">The barn was full of bales of straw.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">这个谷仓堆满了成捆的麦杆。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">I stumbled through mud to a garden strewn with straw.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:15px; color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">我跌跌撞撞地走过泥泞来到一个散满稻草的院子。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">2N-COUNT A straw is a thin tube of paper or plastic, which you use to suck a drink into your mouth. 吸管</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">...a bottle of lemonade with a straw in it.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">…一瓶插着吸管的柠檬汽水。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px; color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">3ADJ having little value or substance 无价值的/无实质的</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">4PHRASE If you are clutching at straws or grasping at straws, you are trying unusual or extreme ideas or methods because other ideas or methods have failed. 抓救命稻草</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">...a badly thought-out plan from an administration clutching at straws.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">…一个管理部门抓救命稻草而制定的一个考虑不周的计划。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">5PHRASE If an event is the last straw or the straw that broke the camel's back, it is the latest in a series of unpleasant or undesirable events, and makes you feel that you cannot tolerate a situation any longer. 使人一忍再忍的一系列事件的最后一件</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">For him the Church's decision to allow the ordination of women had been the last straw.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">对他来说,教堂允许妇女被授予圣职的决定使他再也不能容忍下去了。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">6PHRASE If you draw the short straw, you are chosen from a number of people to perform a job or duty that you will not enjoy. 下下签</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">...if a few of your guests have drawn the short straw and agreed to drive others home after your summer barbecue.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(21, 100, 250);">…如果你的几位客人抽到了下下签,并同意在你的夏日烧烤聚会后开车送其他人回家。</span></p>