【大杂院】 菖蒲生日

吕长鸣

<p style="margin: 7.85pt 0pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: left; line-height: 19pt; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;'><font color="#000000" face="楷体">【大杂院】</font></span></b></p><p align="center" style="margin: 7.85pt 0pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 19pt; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;'><font color="#000000"> </font></span></b></p><p align="center" style="margin: 7.85pt 0pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 19pt; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;'><font color="#000000" face="楷体">菖蒲生日</font></span></b></p><p align="center" style="margin: 7.85pt 0pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 19pt; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;'><font color="#000000"></font></span></b><br></p><p align="center" style="margin: 7.85pt 0pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: center; line-height: 19pt; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;'><font color="#000000"> </font></span></b></p><p style="margin: 7.85pt 0pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: left; line-height: 19pt; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;'><font color="#000000"><font face="楷体">民间将五月的端午节称为</font><font face="楷体">“蒲节”,这是因为古时先民认为菖蒲这种植物,可以避毒祛邪,五月被认为是“恶五月”,有五毒、邪祟,为避五毒、祛邪祟,所以便将菖蒲等植物悬挂家中避毒祛邪。所以端午节也称为“蒲节”。</font></font></span></p><p style="margin: 7.85pt 0pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: left; line-height: 19pt; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;'><font color="#000000"></font></span><br></p><p style="margin: 7.85pt 0pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: left; line-height: 19pt; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;'><font color="#000000"><font face="楷体">悬挂门户上的菖蒲是水菖蒲,水菖蒲生长在水边或水池里,因为叶似剑,又称为水剑草。《本草</font><font face="楷体">·菖蒲》中记有:“尧时天降精于庭为韭,感百阴之气为菖蒲,故曰:尧韭。方士隐为水剑,因叶形也”。所以在每年的五月初五端午日,家家门户上悬挂菖蒲。</font></font></span></p><p style="margin: 7.85pt 0pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: left; line-height: 19pt; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;'><font color="#000000"></font></span><br></p><p style="margin: 7.85pt 0pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: left; line-height: 19pt; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;'><font color="#000000"><font face="楷体">作为能够驱虫辟邪的神草,老百姓将每年的农历四月十四日被定为了</font><font face="楷体">“菖蒲”的生日。《群芳谱》中记有:“四月十四,菖蒲生日,修剪根叶,积海水以滋养之,则青翠易生,尤堪清目。”</font></font></span></p><p style="margin: 7.85pt 0pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: left; line-height: 19pt; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;'><font color="#000000"></font></span><br></p><p style="margin: 7.85pt 0pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: left; line-height: 19pt; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;'><font color="#000000"><font face="楷体">还有一种说法:菖蒲的生日应该在</font><font face="楷体">“冬至后五旬七日”。其根据是《吕氏春秋》中记有:“冬至后五旬七日,菖始生。菖者,百草之先生者也,于是始耕。”</font></font></span></p><p style="margin: 7.85pt 0pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: left; line-height: 19pt; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;'><font color="#000000"></font></span><br></p><p align="justify" style="margin: 7.85pt 0pt 0pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 19pt; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; -ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0.0000gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 0.0000pt;'><font color="#000000"><font face="楷体">冬至后</font><font face="楷体">“五旬七日”,也就是冬至后57天,按照节气推算,此时为雨水时节,应是农历一月末二月初。《吕氏春秋》中所说的“冬至后五旬七日,菖始生”,应该说的是:菖蒲这种植物,在“冬至后五旬七日”就开始发芽了。</font></font></span></p><p style="margin: 7.85pt 0pt 0pt; line-height: 19pt; -ms-text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; mso-para-margin-top: 0.5000gd; mso-pagination: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p>