<p class="ql-block">编辑：旭东 顺喜 铭台 刊发：旭东</p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:20px;">《红山文化古玉鉴定》常用术语解释</b></p><p class="ql-block">《Identification of Hongshan cultural ancient jade 》Explain frequently with terminology</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;">哈图｜整理</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>造 型：</b>经过设计、雕琢后所显示的玉器形象。</p><p class="ql-block">Sculpt: Through designing and carving the rear jade ware demon- strated image.</p><p class="ql-block"><b>玉 质：</b>玉石的质地。(包括颜色、硬度、矿物结构与成分等)</p><p class="ql-block">Jade quality:The texture of jade.(Include color,hardness and min- eral structure and composition etc)</p><p class="ql-block"><b>工 艺：</b>玉器的加工方法与表现形式。</p><p class="ql-block">Technology: Expression form and the processing method of jade article.</p><p class="ql-block"><b>沁 象：</b>玉器受到浸蚀后所呈现出的多种形态变化。</p><p class="ql-block">Infiltration phenomenon: the various changes formed After jade ware gets etch.</p><p class="ql-block"><b>包 浆</b>:：玉器在温度变化下，由于“出汗”所产生矿物质内分泌，久之在玉器表面结成的亮膜。</p><p class="ql-block">Baojiang: Jade ware is under temperature change. because of” per spire”the endocrine phenomenon of mineral matter produced,for a long time in the surface of jade article the bright membrane formed.</p><p class="ql-block"><b>沁 色：</b>由于各种因素，土壤中的微量金属元素与非金属元素对玉器浸染所形成之颜色。</p><p class="ql-block">Infiltration colour: Because of various factors, nonmetal elements and the trace metal elements in soil for jade ware is contaminated the color formed.</p> <p class="ql-block"><b>绺 裂：</b>在相对湿度下，玉器由于内、外温度不能平衡，热胀冷缩原理使玉器表面产生的呈起层状纹裂。</p><p class="ql-block">Tuft crack Pattern: Under relative humidity, Jade ware can not be balanced because of internal and external temperature,Heat expands, which is cold to draw back principle and to make the surface of jade article to produce a level of first floor shape split veins.</p><p class="ql-block"><b>麻 斑：</b>无论玉质何等坚密，土壤中的多种元素皆能对其表面造成浸蚀。当逆光观察器表时，会看到许多微小麻坑，形似桔皮。</p><p class="ql-block">Numb spot: No matter how hard and dense the jade quality is, the various elements in soil can be etched as it surface causes. When ob - serve ware surface conversly, you can see a lot of small numb hollows and shape which seems orange skin.</p><p class="ql-block"><b>孔 洞：</b>玉器由于受到酸、碱、生石灰等化学物质浸蚀，由表及里形成深浅不一、孔周参差不齐形似虫蛀之孔。</p><p class="ql-block">Hole: Because of geting the chemical materials such as acid, soda and raw lime, Jade ware etches from surface to depth differently, different size shape different holes</p><p class="ql-block"><b>蚀 斑：</b>玉器表面绺裂处玉皮剥落，由于玉石分泌物长期集存所形成的褐色斑痕。</p><p class="ql-block">Eroded spot: Surface tuft crack pattern of jade ware, jade skin is peeled off,Because jade secretes material for long-term concentration which has the brown a little trace of color spot formed.</p><p class="ql-block"><b>白 化：</b>当某种元素作用于玉器时，这种元素恰与玉石所含有元素快速溶合并发生化学反应，改变玉石质地成为白色。</p><p class="ql-block">White Calcification:When certain kind element takes affect in jade ware, this kind of element exactly with the element contained by jade dissolve fast to merge occur chemical reaction,Change jade quality to become white colour.</p><p class="ql-block"><b>钙 化：</b>碳酸钙等类物质对玉石所造成的侵害，其颜色界于白化与石化之间。</p><p class="ql-block">Caleification: The kind of materials such as calcium carbonate for jade cause hurt, Its color between circle in white calcification and stone calcification.</p><p class="ql-block"><b>石 化：</b>玉器在白化或钙化后，泥浆随之浸入并凝结，玉石微透明特性发生质变。呈石质的玉器，其色如土。</p><p class="ql-block">Stone Calcification:After jade ware in white calcification or calcification, mud along with soak to enter and condense, jade tiny transparent property occured. The jade ware like stone, and the colour like earth.</p> <p class="ql-block"><b>沁色的统一性：</b>特定环境下，各种微量元素在土壤中通常是均等分布的。当玉器整体被土覆盖，受沁后的玉器应该保持沁色的相对统一。 Infiltration the unity of colour: Under specific environment, various trace elements are usually equal distribution in soil.When the whole of jade ware cover by earth, receive the jade ware after infiltration the relative unificationthat should majntain infil tration colonr.</p><p class="ql-block"><b>沁色的完整性：</b>在相同环境与条件下，一件玉器的受沁变化应该是全面而完整的。无论器面的突起或凹下，甚至系佩孔处都不会出现“断沁”现象。</p><p class="ql-block">Infiltration the integrity of colour: Under the same of environmental and Condition,A jade ware get infiltration change should be complete all-sidedly. Regardless of ware surface convexity or concave go down, even to wear hole place will not arise the phenomenon” infiltration breaks".</p><p class="ql-block"><b>沁色的过渡性：</b>当沁色通过玉器表面瑕疵处进入玉理后，要经过漫长时间方能深入和扩展开来，因此形成了沁色的逐渐过渡。其特征类似喷绘。</p><p class="ql-block">Infiltration colour transitional: After Infiltration colour enters jade through the surface flaw place of jade ware, for a long time,which is going to deeply and expanded,Therefore have formed infiltration colour transform gradually.Feature is similar to spray to paint.</p><p class="ql-block"><b>活沁与死沁：</b>凡活沁，沁色皆有进入点，由一点而逐渐扩展成面。活沁为露头沁，浸入点颜色较重。如水银浸入，可见进入处泛锡光。死沁，沁色内含玉理，无进入点。所见黑斑、杂质、颜色皆为玉石生成时原生包裹体。活沁，生动活泼。死沁，僵滞呆板。</p><p class="ql-block">Live infiltration and dead infiltration:All live infiltration,Infiltration colour enter point and expand surtace gradually. Live infiltration showsinfiltration of head, Soak into a dark color. For instance,mercury soaks enter, you can see the tin light.</p><p class="ql-block">dead infiltration,contains jade skin texture, have no enter point. You can see black spot、impurity、and raw parcel body with jade color. Live infiltration,it is lively.Dead infiltration，it is stiff and rigid.</p><p class="ql-block"><b>开 门：</b>古玩行语。形容开门见山，一目了然。</p><p class="ql-block">Open the door: Antiques profession terminology, described to come straight to the point, is clear at one sight.</p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;">史料研读徐强《红山文化古玉鉴定》</p>