<p class="ql-block">前 言 </p><p class="ql-block">FOREWORD </p><p class="ql-block">面具，作为一种独特的文化现象，跨越了时空的界限，在世界各地开枝散叶。它历史悠久，拥有相对独立的发展轨迹，从诞生之初便与人类的生活紧密相连。在漫长的历史长河中，面具广泛应用于祭祀、战争、丧葬、狩猎、生产、歌舞等诸多领域，承载着人们对长寿、平安与富足的美好祈愿。由于地域的差异和审美观念的不同，面具在材质选择与装饰手法上丰富多样、各放异彩，这使它不仅是一件艺术作品，更是民俗学、民族学、历史学、宗教学、工艺美术学、戏剧舞蹈学等多学科研究的珍贵对象，成为人类文明交流互鉴的重要桥梁。 </p><p class="ql-block">中国，是世界上使用面具历史最为悠久的国家之一。其面具文化源远流长，萌芽于新石器时代，商周时期在傩仪中扮演重要角色，宋代以后逐渐走向世俗化，在傩戏中广泛应用，并被诸多民间歌舞吸收与传承，留下了众多极具艺术价值的珍品，诉说着华夏大地的历史与文化。 </p><p class="ql-block">阳春三月，草长莺飞，在这美好的时节里，潍坊市博物馆与“国际面具文化艺术联盟 (IMACO)“携手，共同推出“世界面具文化艺术展”，这无疑是中外文化交流的一场盛宴。此次展览，从“国际面具文化艺术联盟(IMACO)”的丰富藏品中精心遴选了来自五大洲25个国家的400余件具有代表性的面具作品。这些面具跨越山川湖海，带着不同地域的独特风情齐聚于此，希望广大观众能借此机会，领略世界面具艺术的独特魅力与多元风采。 </p><p class="ql-block">Masks, as a unique cultural phenomenon, have transcended temporal and spatial boundaries to flourish across the world.With a long history and relatively independent evolutionary trajectory, masks have been closely linked to human life since their inception. Throughout the ages, they have been regarded as mystical instruments to communicate with the divine and supernatural, ward off evil and misfortune. They have been widely used in various fields, such as sacrifices, wars, funerals, hunting,production, singing and dancing, carrying people's beautiful wishes for longevity, peace and prosperity. </p><p class="ql-block">Due to regional disparities and diverse aesthetic concepts,masks exhibit remarkable diversity in material selection and decorative techniques. This transforms them not only into artistic creations but also into invaluable subjects for multidisciplinary research in folklore, ethnology, history,religion, crafts, drama and dance. As such, masks serve as a vital bridge for cross-cultural exchange and mutual appreciation within human civilization. </p><p class="ql-block">China is one of the countries with the longest history of mask usage in the world. Its mask culture has a long and profound heritage, originating from the Neolithic Age and playing a significant role in Nuo rituals during the Shang and Zhou dynasties. After the Song Dynasty, it gradually became secular and it was widely adopted in Nuo operas and absorbed into various folk songs and dances for inheritance. This cultural legacy has left behind numerous treasures of exceptional artistic value, silently recounting the history and culture of the Chinese land.</p> <p class="ql-block">中国面具 Chinese Mask </p><p class="ql-block">中国的面具文化，从萌芽、生长到成熟、繁荣，经历了漫长而辉煌的发展历程。早期的面具实物所存不多，只在考古资料中时有呈现，时至今日，主要借傩戏这种表演形式得以保存、流传。而且，由于中国幅员辽阔、民族众多，中国的面具又有取材广泛、装饰手法各异、品类繁富多彩的特点。 </p><p class="ql-block">中国面具从角色上大体可分为动物、鬼神、英雄和世俗人物四种类型。这四种面具中，世俗人物固以写实为主，其余三种虽有变形和夸张，但一般亦以不脱离角色的原型为限度。国外一些原始部族中常见的极端抽象的象征型和结构型面具，在中国各地均鲜有发现。 </p><p class="ql-block">The mask culture of China has undergone a long and illustrious developmental journey, progressing from germination and growth to maturation and flourishing. Few physical artifacts of early masks survive today, though they occasionally surface in archaeological records. In contemporary times, this cultural heritage has been primarily preserved and perpetuated through the performance art of Nuo opera. Moreover, owing to China's vast territory and numerous ethnic groups, Chinese masks exhibit distinctive characteristics including diverse materials, varied decorative techniques, and a rich and diverse array of categories. </p><p class="ql-block">Chinese masks can be broadly categorized into four types based on their roles: animal masks, deities and spirits masks, hero masks,and masks of ordinary figures. Among these,masks depicting ordinary figures tend to prioritize realism, while the other three types—though stylized and exaggerated—generally retain recognizable features of their archetypal forms. Notably, highly abstract symbolic or structural masks, commonly found among some primitive tribes abroad,are rarely seen across China's diverse regional traditions. </p><p class="ql-block">UNESCONGO IMACO</p>