<p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">参观完卧龙书院后我们四人直奔第二个景点</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span>八喜馆</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">这座三层半的传统客家跑马楼</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">记录了客家人一生中的八大喜事：</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">添丁、成人、金榜、成婚、立灶、乔迁、寿诞、丰收</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">馆内挂满了红灯笼和红幔布</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">营造出浓厚的传统氛围</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">让人感受到客家文化的独特魅力</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">进入馆内</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">一楼大厅的舞台前摆满了茶桌</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">每天下午四点半表演八喜中的一喜片段仪式</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">让游客实景体验观赏客家风俗习惯</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">添丁之喜</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">客家人称男婴诞生为“添丁”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">添丁是大喜事</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">有一系列的庆祝活动</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">婴孩出生十天左右</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">孩子的父亲要携肉圆、糖姜鸡、蛋、米酒到老丈人家报喜</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">这叫“报婆嫅”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">岳父、岳母也会回赠鸡与染红的蛋</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">诞后三天</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">要做“三朝”给婴儿洗澡</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">诞后一个月</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">要“做满月”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">请诸亲友“吃姜酒”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">并向诸亲朋好友赠送红蛋</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">成人之喜</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">汉族自古就有成人礼仪</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">男孩的叫做“冠礼”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">女孩的叫做“笄礼”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">为跨入成年的青年男女举行这一仪式</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">是要提示他们：</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">从此将由家庭中毫无责任的“孺子”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">转变为正式跨入社会的成年人</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">只有承担成人的责任、履践美好的德行才能成为各种合格的社会角色</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">我们游览的当天下午馆内举行成人之喜庆祝过程展示</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">观赏了整个仪式</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">感受到客家文化礼仪之源远流长及隆重</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">丰收之喜</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">每到收成时节，</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">“家中米谷豆麦满仓、窖里番薯芋子成墙、灶间薯种挂满梁”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">为庆贺丰收</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">感恩“五谷大神”(神农氏)</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">客家人以“食新”、“做禾了”、“蒸岁饭”等各种形式庆贺新粮上场</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">各个村庄</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">更以“迎花灯走古事”、“游草龙”“游刻纸龙灯”“百壶宴”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">等各种民俗活动</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">表达国泰民安、喜获丰收的喜庆之情</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">花烛之喜</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">接亲需在半夜</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">以避“眼”（孕妇）</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">迎亲队伍以六人之数</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">取“六合”之意</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">娘家人送嫁也取“六合”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">以六人成行</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">新娘入门前</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">为避免迎亲路上新娘脚上会粘上邪气带进婆家</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">新娘要在门外等候</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">婆家人割了“拦门鸡”新娘方可入门</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">入门时要跨火盆、过米筛来到正厅上与新郎牵上红绳</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">入堂拜天地、拜祖宗、夫妻对拜</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">立灶之喜</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">立灶</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">客家人俗称“打灶头”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">即砌筑做饭用的炉灶</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">客家人盖新房需作灶</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">兄弟分家是家族兴旺发达的喜事</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">按习俗，“大仔坐老灶，细仔坐屎窖”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">没分到厨房的当然得另起炉灶</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">作灶于客家人是件大事</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">首先得请人捡个好日子择日动工</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">更重要的是请风水先生勘定灶口朝向</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">相对房屋附近的河水流向</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">有“顺水灶”“逆水灶”的说法</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">客家人相信灶口的朝向与家庭财运相关</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">所以很有讲究</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">寿诞之喜</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">为长辈祝寿是每个客家家庭的大事</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">客家习俗</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">老人做寿“男做齐头，女做一”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">就是男子逢六十、七十、八十岁…</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">女六十一、七十一、八十一岁…做寿</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">老人做寿</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">出嫁的女儿要给父母各送一件新衣、一双新鞋</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">其他亲戚送“寿幛”或“寿桃”、“寿面”</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">乔迁之喜</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">客家人盖了新房</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">便要举行乔迁仪式</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">俗话搬新屋</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">乔迁之日</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">主人要扛上竹篙、木梯</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">寓生活节节高、老人寿延高、读书人高中之意</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">袋子里要装有算盘、秤子、新裤等物件</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">表示治家会划算</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">遇事称心，吉庆有余，代代富贵</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">前往新居路上</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">两人各提一盏马灯寓意旺“丁”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">另有一人提火笼</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">表示给新居传承火种</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">福州人的习俗与客家人某些方面也有相似之处</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">搬新居前竹杆、扫把先行</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">虽是外地人</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">但入乡随俗</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">在福州搬了几次家</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">正式入住前必定提前几天搬两根竹杆一把扫把先到新居</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">竹竿象征着主人在此屋居住</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">竹竿和扫帚通常会用红头绳扎好</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">象征着吉祥和好运</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">🌹🌹游览心语</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">客家八大喜事</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">寓意深刻</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">八喜馆通过实物及现代科技手段</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">还原了客家人当年庆祝大事、喜事的盛况和要表达的愿望</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">传递了满满的正能量</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">充分展示了客家先民的智慧及文化积淀</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">受益匪浅</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">文中图片均为华为手机拍摄</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">美篇完成：2025、04、08</span></p>