译海识趣

微茫的曙光

<p class="ql-block">译海识趣</p><p class="ql-block">作者:陈胜良 (湖南省作家协会会员,湖南省翻译协会会员,广东省侨界作家协会会员,双语作家)</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">一:委婉翻译法</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">在人际交往中,同一句话,可以开门见山直截了当地说出,也可以迂回委婉地说出,但说出的效果迥然不同。开门见山直截了当地说话,让人一听就明白但说出的话不绕圈子,不考虑别人的感受,是很容易伤人的,表达的效果是不尽人意的。而委婉说出的话语,哪怕是在批评人家,听话人也会心悦诚服地接受,因为话语落得重却说得轻。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b> 说话是一种表达,翻译也是一种表达。在翻译中,同一个句子,可以直译也可以意译,但表达的效果不同。直译虽然准确,句句对,字字译,忠实于原文,但表达直白,缺乏艺术,没有魅力,给人留下的印象不深刻。而意译,意在言外,让人回味无穷。言外之意,表达之美,令人拍手称快,给人留下但的印象深刻。一般说来,科技作品用直译的较多而文学作品用意译的较多。说到意译,要知道,委婉翻译就是其中的一大种。让我们一起迈步于文学翻译的漫漫旅程:</b></p> <p class="ql-block">1.老师看了看学生的试卷,一丝满意的微笑掠过他的的嘴角。</p><p class="ql-block">直译:A trace of satisfied smile swept past the corner of her mouth after the teacher read over the student’s English test paper.</p><p class="ql-block">解析:按照直译,“一丝微笑”可译作a trace of smile或译作a piece of smile。“掠过”可翻译作sweep past。从字面上看,这个翻译是正确的,是无可挑剔的。然而,它的翻译逐字翻译,没有变法,缺乏艺术性,读起来没有美感,给人留下的印象不深。再看如下的委婉翻译。</p><p class="ql-block">婉译:A faint satisfied smile flickered across her lips after the teacher read over the student’s English test paper.</p><p class="ql-block">.解析:faint微弱的:一丝微笑,译作a faint smile,一阵微弱的笑容,比a trace of smile译得委婉,给人的印象更深刻。</p><p class="ql-block">More such examples:</p><p class="ql-block"><b>a faint hope一线希望,比a piece of hope更地道。说“嘴角掠过微笑”,用flicker across比sweep past更贴切且更委婉。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>sweep (vi)掠过,急速移动。从字面上看,此句的动词用sweep past正相符合,然而此处的笑容并非在嘴角快速移动而真正的含义是“在嘴角时隐时现”,所以译作flicker across最为恰当。</b></p> <p class="ql-block">附注1:flicker(vi)闪烁,时隐时现,摇曳:</p><p class="ql-block">豆大昏黄的煤油灯光在黑暗的房中闪闪烁烁。</p><p class="ql-block">The dim yellow kerosene light flickered in the dark room.</p><p class="ql-block">深夜里,仿佛有鬼影在墙上摇曳,汤姆害怕起来。</p><p class="ql-block">Late at night,there seemed to be a shadow of a ghost flickering on the wall,so Tom began to be scared.</p><p class="ql-block">附注2:flickering(adj)闪烁的,摇曳的,时隐时现的:</p><p class="ql-block">深秋深秋时节,我走在荒凉的山岗上,看到树上的叶子瑟瑟发抖。</p><p class="ql-block">In late autumn, as I walked on the desolate hill, I saw flickering leaves in the tree in the wind.</p><p class="ql-block">一条金黄色的蛇盘绕在榆树树枝上,舌头一伸一吐,把行人吓得不敢走近。</p><p class="ql-block">A golden snake coiled itself around(=wound itself round) the branch of an elm tree by the roadside, showing its flickering tongue to scare away the pedestrians .</p><p class="ql-block">附注3:flicker(n)闪烁,时隐时现:</p><p class="ql-block">他在前行的路上终于看到了一线希望。He finally saw a flicker of hope forward.</p><p class="ql-block">附注4:sweep(vi,vt)扫视,掠过,急速移动:</p><p class="ql-block">他把人群扫视了一遍,没有看见一个戴着黑色高帽子的中年男人。</p><p class="ql-block">His eyes swept the crowd but he didn't see a middle-aged man wearing a black high hat.</p><p class="ql-block">我们的喷气式战斗机从上空掠过。</p><p class="ql-block">Our jet fighters swept past.(注意:英文原句里谓语动词短语后没有宾语“天空”,但翻译时却补上“天空”才合句意。)</p><p class="ql-block">附注5:sweep(vi)连绵,延申:</p><p class="ql-block">The road sweeps up the hill.道路向山上延申而去。</p><p class="ql-block">sweep(n)连绵区域,一带坡地,弯曲处: That is a sweep of mountain country那是一片连绵起伏的山区。</p><p class="ql-block">The river makes a sweep to the left.河道向左弯曲过去。</p>