<p class="ql-block">希望你能看到后面法德抢掠夺的篇章</p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(57, 181, 74);">尘封于时光中的古仪</b></p><p class="ql-block">1871年，英国摄影师约翰·汤姆逊来到北京，这位带着自己的思考行走的观察者，对中国社会的解析涉及方方面面。生动的镜头，严谨的视角，为我们展现了19世纪70年代观象台的面貌。</p><p class="ql-block">这是观象台<b style="color:rgb(57, 181, 74);">最落魄</b>的一段时期，因少人维护，晷影堂屋顶杂草丛生，浑仪下的草木直追青龙，可以想象观象台当时的破败与萧条。</p> <p class="ql-block">1871年，约翰·汤姆逊拍摄的<span style="color:rgb(57, 181, 74);">明代浑仪</span></p> <p class="ql-block">明信片，1913年印有观象台台体 </p> <p class="ql-block">19世纪80年代华芳照相馆拍摄的浑仪</p> <p class="ql-block">1871年，约翰·汤姆逊拍摄的观象台台顶——最前面是<span style="color:rgb(255, 138, 0);">玑衡抚辰仪</span>，照片清晰度非常之高，甚至精细到可见仪器上的刻度线，</p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">左后方</span>为<span style="color:rgb(255, 138, 0);">天体仪</span>，</p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">正后方</span>为<span style="color:rgb(255, 138, 0);">象限仪</span></p> <p class="ql-block">1875年，英国摄影师托马斯·查尔德拍摄的台顶仪器，这是一个非常巧妙的角度，<span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">八件仪器全部收入其中。</span></p><p class="ql-block">可以看到地平经纬仪旁边放了一辆便于当时工作人员观测的移动扶梯</p> <p class="ql-block">明信片</p><p class="ql-block">托马斯·查尔德拍摄的台顶仪器,八件仪器全部收入视野</p> <p class="ql-block">1875年，托马斯·查尔德拍摄的观象台台顶，<span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">台体左侧可看到贡院</span></p> <p class="ql-block">明信片，19世纪末印有安放于东厢房前的明代浑仪</p> <p class="ql-block">明信片，19世纪末印有观象台台体</p> <p class="ql-block">1875年，托马斯·查尔德拍摄<span style="color:rgb(255, 138, 0);">的明代浑仪</span>，安放于东厢房前，</p><p class="ql-block">该照片后来印于明信片上</p> <p class="ql-block">1875年，托马斯·查尔德拍摄的<span style="color:rgb(255, 138, 0);">明代简仪</span>，安放于西厢房前</p> <p class="ql-block">明信片</p><p class="ql-block">印有天体仪</p> <p class="ql-block">明信片</p><p class="ql-block">印有天体仪和象限仪，彩图</p> <p class="ql-block">1877年，英国摄影师托马斯·查尔德拍摄的天体仪，天体仪上<span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">不同星等的恒星清晰可辨</span></p> <p class="ql-block">1900年，美国摄影师詹姆斯·利卡尔顿拍摄的观象台上仪器，</p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(57, 181, 74);">最前面</span>是<span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">赤道经纬仪的青龙抬首</span>，</p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(57, 181, 74);">后面</span>依次为<span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">纪限仪、地平经纬仪、地平经仪、黄道经纬仪</span></p><p class="ql-block">In 1900, the American photo- grapher James Ricalton photo- graphed the observatory platf- orm and the instruments on it. All eight instruments on the platform were included in one picture</p> <p class="ql-block">1900年，美国摄影师詹姆斯·利卡尔顿拍摄的观象台台体及台上仪器，<span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">台上的八件仪器全部收入视野中</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:22px;">灵台劫难</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:20px;">德法联军瓜分观象台古仪</b></p><p class="ql-block">1900年，八国联军发动侵华战争，<span style="color:rgb(57, 181, 74);">德法</span>两国的军队<span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">抢占古台</span>并<span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">瓜分了台上台下十件仪器</span>。</p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">法军抢走赤道经纬仪、地平经纬仪、黄道经纬仪、象限仪和简仪</span>;</p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(57, 181, 74);">德军抢走纪限仪、地平经仪、天体仪、玑衡抚辰仪和浑仪。</span></p><p class="ql-block">1901年，德军撤离北京时，将抢掠的五件古仪由波南厅号运输舰运回德国，安放于德国的波茨坦离宫。</p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:20px;">The Disaster of the Ancient Observatory </b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>the German-French Army Divided up the Ancient Instruments</b></p><p class="ql-block">In 1900, the Eight-Power Allied Forces launched the war of aggression against China. The German and French troops occupied the ancient observatory and divided up ten instruments in all. The French army snatched away the Equatorial Armilla, the Azimuth Theodolite, the Ecliptic Armilla, the Quadrant and the Abridged Armilla; the German army snatched away, the Sextant,the Altazimuth, the Celestial Globe, the New Amilla, and the Armillary Sphere. When the Germans withdrew from Beijing in 1901, the five ancient instruments that were looted were transported back to Germany by the transport ship Bonan Hall and were placed in the Potsdam Palace in Germany</p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:22px;">罹难前的祥和</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:20px;">1900年前后的观象台</b></p><p class="ql-block">1900年，美国摄影师詹姆斯·利卡尔顿来到中国旅行，从香港，经广州、汉口、南京、大运河、苏州、上海、宁波、烟台、天津，到达北京，沿途拍摄了大量的立体照片，并对照片做了详细记录。</p><p class="ql-block">在其《<b>詹姆斯·利卡尔顿-1900，美国摄影师的中国照片日记</b>》一书中这样评价观象台:“这座著名的天文台，当地人称之为‘观象台’。所有介绍北京的书中都会提到，所有渴望看到新奇事物的人都想去那里参观。</p><p class="ql-block">如果你以为在这里能看到西方那样高大宏伟的建筑你就错了，<span style="color:rgb(176, 79, 187);">这里只是一个比城墙高大约15英尺的台子，上面放置着精美的天文仪器。</span></p><p class="ql-block">在这个角度<span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">可以多拍到几个天文仪器，要比单独拍一个强，而且可以更好地观察天文仪器上的细部</span>。</p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(255, 138, 0);">正如最近的仪器上的龙。这些龙是用来装饰的，对实际观测不起作用。这些天文仪器都是科学和艺术的结晶。</span></p><p class="ql-block">约翰·汤姆逊先生也曾经拍摄过这些仪器，并对它们大加赞赏。</p><p class="ql-block">在感叹这些仪器在艺术上的精美，在科学上如此的先进的时候，<b style="font-size:20px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">不要忘记这些仪器比格林尼治天文台的建造早400年，比哥伦布发现美洲大陆早200年，中国人的智慧太伟大了</b>。”</p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:22px;">波茨坦离宫橘园</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:20px;">安放的观象台古仪</b></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(57, 181, 74);">德国将抢走的</span><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">纪限仪、地平经仪、天体仪、玑衡抚辰仪和浑仪</span><span style="color:rgb(57, 181, 74);">安放于波茨坦离宫的橘园</span>，并发行了大量相关的明信片。</p><p class="ql-block">不同明信片上仪器的拍摄角度不同，<span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">可从多张明信片中找齐五件仪器。</span></p><p class="ql-block">同时展示了<span style="color:rgb(255, 138, 0);">没有安放仪器的波茨坦离宫明信片作为对照。</span></p> <p class="ql-block">The Instruments from the Ancient</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">Observatory Placed in the Potsdam Palace</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">The Germans placed the Sextant, the Altazimuth, the Celestial Globe, the New Amilla,and the Armillary Sphere in front of the Orangery in the Potsdam Palace, and issued a large number of related postcards. Different postcards were imprinted with the instruments from different angles in order to collect 5 pieces of the ancient instruments. At the same time, the postcard of the Potsdam Palace without the instruments is displayed in contrast.</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">安放于波茨坦离宫</span>的玑衡抚辰仪(前)、地平经仪(左后方)、天体仪(右后方)，及基于该照片发行的多张明信片，</p><p class="ql-block">拍摄者佚名</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(255, 138, 0);">1900年，德军拆运黄道经纬仪，</span><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">黄道圈等已拆走</span>，拍摄者佚名</p> <p class="ql-block">明信片</p><p class="ql-block">德法军队驻扎在古台，仪器还未被抢</p> <p class="ql-block">1900年，德军拆运天体仪，正在吊起天体仪的大球，拍摄者佚名</p> <p class="ql-block">1900年，德军拆运仪器，图中白色为包裹的天体仪，拍摄者佚名</p><p class="ql-block"><b style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">照片可见德国士兵在把守</b></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">20世纪20年代</span>的观象台台顶，照片中展示的是天体仪、象限仪和玑衡抚辰仪，拍摄者佚名 </p> <p class="ql-block">明信片</p><p class="ql-block">印有纪限仪、地平经纬仪、</p><p class="ql-block">地平经仪、黄道经纬仪，彩图</p> <p class="ql-block">明信片</p><p class="ql-block">印有黄道经纬仪、天体仪、象限仪和玑衡抚辰仪。彩图</p> <p class="ql-block">1927年，美国摄影师赫伯特·怀特拍摄的<span style="color:rgb(255, 138, 0);">玑衡抚辰仪</span> </p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:22px;">观象台的新生</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:20px;">1921年后的古台</b></p><p class="ql-block">德国抢掠的纪限仪、地平经仪、天体仪、玑衡抚辰仪和浑仪五件古仪<span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">1921年归还我国</span>,重新安放于观象台。</p><p class="ql-block">照片展示的是归还后的全部仪器安放，除赤道经纬仪和纪限仪外，六件仪器纳入视野。</p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">1929年观象台停止天文观测</span>，改为国立天文陈列馆，结束了它从明正统七年(1442年)到1929年长达487年的观测历史。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">The Renascence of the Observatory after 1921</p><p class="ql-block">The Germans returned the Sextant,the Altazimuth, the Celestial Globe, the New Amilla, and the Armillary Sphere,five pieces of the ancient instruments to China and were reset in the observatory in 1921. The photos show all the returned instruments, and except the Equator Armilla and the Sextant, all the other six instruments were included. In 1929,the observatory stopped making astronomical observations and became the NationalAstronomical Museum, ending its 487 years of observation from 1442 to 1929.</p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">1921年，仪器全部归还后</b>的安放布局，除赤道经纬仪、纪限仪外,六件仪器纳入视野 </p><p class="ql-block">The layout of all instruments returned after 1921, except for the Equatorial Armilla and the Sextant, all the other six instruments were included,and the photographer is anonymous</p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:22px;">从观象台看周边的</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:22px;">老北京变迁</b></p><p class="ql-block">站在观象台的西侧(放有象限仪，天体仪和黄道经纬仪一侧)向西北眺望，轻松可见当时的贡院。</p><p class="ql-block">贡院是原来会试的考场，即开科取士的地方。</p><p class="ql-block">通过考试选拔人才贡献给皇帝，故名贡院。</p><p class="ql-block">照片中天体仪左侧,贡院的身影清晰可见，现如今，古考场的踪迹已荡然无存。</p> <p class="ql-block">View the Changes of the Old Beijing</p><p class="ql-block">from the Perspective of the Ancient Observatory</p><p class="ql-block">Standing on the west side of the observatory (with the Quadrant,the Celestial Globe and the Edliptic Armilla), looking northwest, it is easy to see the Gongyuan which was built in the past. The Gongyuan was the place where the examination to select talents was held at that time. People around the country came here to take the test, as if they were coming to contribute talents to the emperor by the Imperial Examination, hence the place was named by Gongyuan. On the left side of the Celestial Globe in the photo, the figure of the Gongyuan is clearly visible. Nowadays, you cannot see the ancient examination room any more.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">观象台北侧是当时的贡院所在，照片的左侧中间的位置，贡院的身影清晰可见，拍摄者佚名</p><p class="ql-block">On the north side of the observatory is the place where the Gongyuan was built. The figure of Gongyuan can be clearly seen in the middle of the left side of the photo, and the photographer is anonymous</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p>