运动、节食减肥太难,NMN让你瘦的容易!

澳来福

<p class="ql-block">澳来福生物学习心得,部分图片和内容来自网络,如有侵权,请联系删除。微信:Qiaoke2012xe93</p> <p class="ql-block">一说到减肥,我们很容易就想到“管住嘴,迈开腿”。简单来说,前者是指“控制能量摄入”,后者是指“增加能量消耗”。减肥说到底是要“减脂”,而不是只盯着体重的变化,毕竟多喝点水也会让体重发生变化。而减脂的原理,恰恰和能量的摄入与消耗密切相关。</p> <p class="ql-block">图:减脂原理</p> <p class="ql-block">只不过,说起来简单,做起来却相当不容易。美食的诱惑太难抵御,药物怕有副作用,运动很难长期坚持,哪怕好不容易有点成效,一回到原来的生活方式,减下来的脂肪就又回来了。</p><p class="ql-block">减肥就像一场马拉松,好消息是,我们可以通过“装备升级”,让自己瘦得更健康、更容易。比方说,有一些植物成分能够帮助我们抑制α-淀粉酶的活性,从而减少碳水的吸收;人体的基础代谢会随着环境温度而变化,当环境温度超过30度的时候,人体的能量代谢会增加,那么夏天运动的效果就会比春秋更好一些;还有NMN,通过提升NAD+水平,有助于促进脂肪和糖分的分解,提高基础代谢,让减肥事半功倍。</p><p class="ql-block"> 01 NMN,提高基础代谢</p><p class="ql-block">早在2016年,美国华盛顿大学圣路易斯分校今井真一郎教授研究团队的成果就发现:NMN有助于抑制与年龄相关的体重增加并增强能量代谢。与对照组相比,服用NMN的小鼠食物摄入量更高,但体重却更低。这简直是“躺瘦”界的梦想。</p> <p class="ql-block">图:NMN组小鼠摄入更多,体重更低</p> <p class="ql-block">图:NMN组小鼠耗氧量和能量消耗增加,基础代谢增强</p> <p class="ql-block">02</p><p class="ql-block">NMN,减少脂肪细胞生成</p><p class="ql-block">2019年,中山大学附属第三医院研究团队发表在Nature子刊上的研究,则从干细胞的角度印证了NMN对减肥的助益。</p><p class="ql-block">间充质干细胞(MSCs)具有自我更新及多向分化潜能,可分化为多种间质组织,如骨骼、软骨、脂肪、骨髓造血组织等。随着年龄的增长,MSCs能量代谢失衡,会导致成骨分化能力减弱,而脂肪细胞的分化增加。而补充NMN能够激活长寿蛋白家族的SIRT1,进而促进了间充质基质干细胞(MSCs)生成成骨细胞,减少了脂肪细胞的生成。</p> <p class="ql-block">图:NMN促进间充质干细胞多生成成骨细胞,减少生成脂肪细胞</p> <p class="ql-block">03</p><p class="ql-block">NMN减脂原理:激活SIRT1</p><p class="ql-block">2021年,科学家们进一步探索了NMN帮助减脂的原理,发现关键在于SIRT1。</p><p class="ql-block">我们知道,随着年龄的增长,人体内的NAD+水平会下降。而NAD+水平低会让我们身体里依赖NAD+才能发挥作用的酶消极怠工,无法发挥作用。这里面就有对抗衰老非常重要的Sirtuins家族,也被称作长寿蛋白家族。Sirtuins在人体内有1~7个,其中的SIRT1被证明对脂肪代谢有重要影响。</p><p class="ql-block">1. SIRT1耗尽,让脂肪细胞显示出较低的瘦素、脂联素水平</p><p class="ql-block">“瘦素”顾名思义和“瘦”相关,当瘦素含量水平下降时,大脑会缺乏停止进食的提醒,在面对食物的时候,往往容易吃的更多, 同时降低自身能量消耗。</p><p class="ql-block">脂联素是一种胰岛素增敏激素,能改善胰岛素抗性和动脉粥样硬化,也就是说脂联素降低会增加II型糖尿病和动脉粥样硬化的风险。</p> <p class="ql-block">2. SIRT1促进脂肪细胞线粒体生物活性和呼吸,而线粒体促进脂肪细胞的消耗,提高基础代谢</p> <p class="ql-block">3. SIRT1表达的降低促进细胞中的脂质积累,NMN挽救了这一情况</p><p class="ql-block">研究者用NAMPT抑制剂FK866降低了SIRT1的表达,促进细胞中的脂质积累。外源性补充NMN则激活了SIRT1,挽救了这一情况。</p> <p class="ql-block">04 NMN,防止高脂饮食的代谢异常</p><p class="ql-block">2022年7月最新发表的研究证实:NMN还有助于防止高脂饮食(HFD)造成的代谢异常。4周大的小鼠接受正常饮食(ND)或高脂肪饮食(HFD)12周,发现高脂肪饮食小鼠的体重明显高于正常饮食小鼠。</p><p class="ql-block">接着,研究者采用对照的方式,给部分高脂肪饮食小鼠腹腔注射NMN连续10天,发现NMN降低了高脂饮食小鼠的脂肪大小(D)。</p> <p class="ql-block">图:正常饮食(ND)、高脂肪饮食(HFD)、HFD+NMN小鼠的脂肪细胞对照</p> <p class="ql-block"> 小 结</p><p class="ql-block">提升基础代谢,促进脂肪细胞消耗,还能通过瘦素维持减脂效果,防止高脂饮食的代谢异常,有了NMN这个减脂好搭档,减脂是不是更有动力了呢?</p> <p class="ql-block">近年来,NMN这一热词遍及健康行业,因其具有延缓衰老的作用被人们熟知,那么火爆市场的NMN究竟是什么呢?</p> <p class="ql-block">1,什么是NMN?</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:01What is NMN?</p><p class="ql-block">NMN 全称为β-烟酰胺单核苷酸,简称NMN。NMN 存在两种差向异构体:α 型和 β 型,恩倍纯NMN采用全酶法制备,β型NMN纯度达99%以上,具有更好的生物活性研究发现,只有 β 型 NMN 具有生物活性。</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:The full name of NMN is β-nicotinamide mononucleotide, or NMN for short. There are two epimers of NMN: α-type and β-type. The pure NMN of Enbei is prepared by the whole enzyme method. The purity of β-type NMN is more than 99%, and it has better biological activity. active.</p> <p class="ql-block">2,NMN在哪里?</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:Where is 02NMN?</p><p class="ql-block">NMN存在于部分水果蔬菜和禽肉当中,是人体内自然存在的物质,在细胞内可转化为与人体新陈代谢相关的重要辅酶 NAD+,NMN是NAD+的前体物质之一。也就是说,NMN 的作用核心是通过转化为NAD+这种物质实现的,随着年龄增长,人体的NAD+水平逐步下降。</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:NMN exists in some fruits, vegetables and poultry meat. It is a naturally occurring substance in the human body. It can be converted into an important coenzyme NAD+ related to human metabolism in cells. NMN is one of the precursors of NAD+. That is to say, the core of NMN's role is achieved by converting it into a substance called NAD+. With age, the NAD+ level of the human body gradually declines.</p><p class="ql-block">国内外顶级科学家领衔NAD+抗衰老研究大量学术成果支持:通过提升NAD+水平,能够多方面提升健康质量,延缓衰老。顶级期刊、新的证据不断涌现,参与者来自全球几十所著名大学的上百名科学家。哈佛大学医学院David Sinclair 因为抗衰老研究被《时代周刊》评为最具影响力的100人之一。</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:Top scientists at home and abroad lead NAD+ anti-aging research and are supported by a large number of academic achievements: by improving the level of NAD+, it can improve the quality of health in many aspects and delay aging. Top journals, new evidence are constantly emerging, and the participants are hundreds of scientists from dozens of prestigious universities around the world. Harvard Medical School's David Sinclair was named one of the 100 Most Influential People by Time Magazine for his anti-aging research.</p> <p class="ql-block">哈佛大学医学院David Sinclair 教授在哈佛实验室</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:Professor David Sinclair of Harvard Medical School in Harvard Lab</p> <p class="ql-block">3,NMN的作用有哪些?</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:03 What are the functions of NMN?</p><p class="ql-block">①</p><p class="ql-block">增加NAD+含量,</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:①Increase NAD+ content</p><p class="ql-block">NAD+是维持机体运转的重要物质,存在于所有细胞中,参与机体上千种生理反应过程,人体内五百多种酶的作用都需要NAD+。</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:NAD+ is an important substance to maintain the operation of the body. It exists in all cells and participates in thousands of physiological reactions in the body. The function of more than 500 enzymes in the human body requires NAD+.</p> <p class="ql-block">3,NMN的作用有哪些?</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:03 What are the functions of NMN?</p><p class="ql-block">①</p><p class="ql-block">增加NAD+含量,</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:①Increase NAD+ content</p><p class="ql-block">NAD+是维持机体运转的重要物质,存在于所有细胞中,参与机体上千种生理反应过程,人体内五百多种酶的作用都需要NAD+。</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:NAD+ is an important substance to maintain the operation of the body. It exists in all cells and participates in thousands of physiological reactions in the body. The function of more than 500 enzymes in the human body requires NAD+.</p> <p class="ql-block">该研究成果发表于 顶级期刊《CELL》上,截图来自:ScienceDirect</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:The research results were published in the top journal "CELL", screenshot from: ScienceDirect</p><p class="ql-block"> ② 激活SIR蛋白</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:②Activate SIR protein</p><p class="ql-block">近 20 年的研究发现Sirtuins 几乎在所有的细胞功能中都发挥主要的调节作用,影响炎症、细胞生长、昼夜节律、能量代谢、神经元功能和应激抵抗等生理过程。Sirtuins 常被称为长寿蛋白家族,是 NAD+依赖的脱乙酰酶蛋白家族。</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:Nearly 20 years of research have found that Sirtuins play a major regulatory role in nearly all cellular functions, affecting physiological processes such as inflammation, cell growth, circadian rhythms, energy metabolism, neuronal function, and stress resistance. Sirtuins, often referred to as the longevity protein family, are a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylase proteins.</p> <p class="ql-block">图示:提出通过补充NMN恢复老年神经血管中NAD+水平促进神经血管年轻化机制的方案</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:Illustration: Propose a scheme to restore the NAD+ level in the aged neurovascular by supplementing NMN to promote the mechanism of neurovascular rejuvenation</p> <p class="ql-block">2019 年,哈佛医学院遗传学系 Kane A E 教授等人研究发现 :NMN 作为 NAD+在生物体内合成的重要前体,它提升细胞内 NAD+水平后,发挥的很多有益作用(如改善代谢、保护心血管等)都通过激活 Sirtuins而实现。</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:In 2019, Professor Kane A E and others of the Department of Genetics of Harvard Medical School found that NMN, as an important precursor of NAD+ synthesis in vivo, has many beneficial effects after it increases the level of intracellular NAD+ (such as improving metabolism, protecting cardiovascular system, etc.). etc.) are achieved by activating Sirtuins.</p><p class="ql-block">③</p><p class="ql-block">修复 DNA 损伤</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:③ Repair DNA damage</p><p class="ql-block">体内 NAD+水平除了影响 Sirtuins 活性以外,也是DNA 修复酶—PARPs(聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶)发挥作用的重要底物。</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:In addition to affecting the activity of Sirtuins, the level of NAD+ in vivo is also an important substrate for the action of DNA repair enzymes-PARPs (polyadenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase).</p> <p class="ql-block"> ④ 促进新陈代谢</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:④Promote metabolism</p><p class="ql-block">新陈代谢,是生物体内维持生命的化学反应的集合,使生物体得以生长和繁殖、保持结构以及对环境作出反应。新陈代谢是生物体不断进行物质和能量的交换过程,一旦停止,生物体的生命就会结束。</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:Metabolism is the collection of life-sustaining chemical reactions in an organism that allow an organism to grow and reproduce, maintain structure, and respond to the environment. Metabolism is the continuous exchange of substances and energy in an organism, and once it stops, the life of an organism will end.</p><p class="ql-block">美国加州大学安东尼教授和他的团队发现NAD+的新陈代谢已成为改善与衰老有关的疾病,延长人类健康寿命和寿命的潜在治疗方法。</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:Professor Anthony of the University of California, USA, and his team have discovered that the metabolism of NAD+ has become a potential treatment for improving aging-related diseases and extending human health and longevity.</p><p class="ql-block"> ⑤促进血管再生、保持血管弹性</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:⑤ Promote blood vessel regeneration and maintain blood vessel elasticity</p><p class="ql-block">血管是搬运氧气和营养素、处理二氧化碳和代谢物、调节体温等不可或缺的组织。随着年龄的增长,血管也逐渐丧失柔软性,变硬、变厚、 变窄,从而引起“动脉硬化”。</p><p class="ql-block">英文翻译:Blood vessels are indispensable tissues for transporting oxygen and nutrients, processing carbon dioxide and metabolites, and regulating body temperature. With age, blood vessels also gradually lose their flexibility and become hard, thick and narrow, causing "arteriosclerosis".</p> <p class="ql-block">总之,NMN对机体的作用非常广泛,让人振奋的是,NMN在整个研究中没有表现出任何不良影响。这项NMN的人体临床实验登上了顶级科研期刊,说明NAD+补充剂在临床转化方面顺利程度和可期前景。</p> <p class="ql-block">感谢您的宝贵意见!</p>