<a class="link" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/bLFqANpdxFTHAy8UnKwUTA" target="_blank"><i class="iconfont icon-iconfontlink"> </i>点击查看原文</a><strong></strong> <p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; visibility: visible; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(248, 247, 242); overflow-wrap: break-word; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">有一天,孟子再见齐宣王,对齐宣王说,假如你要建筑一座巨大的宫殿,一定会命令负责工程的人,先去找很高大的木材——古代还没有钢筋、水泥,只有找大木材了——负责工程的人,找到了高大的好木料,你一定很高兴,认为他了不起,能够胜任这件工作。当然,从森林中砍伐来的原木,还不能立即拿来作梁、作柱,一定还要经过加工整理,用斧用锯,修整到合用为度。结果你看到他们把得来不易的大木头削小了,你一定很生气地认为他们没有善尽职守。一个人从小学一样东西,等长大了,要施展所学的时候,你对他说,不要管你所学的那一套,跟我走,照我的办法就好了。你齐宣王想看看,结果会是怎样呢? </p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(248, 247, 242); overflow-wrap: break-word; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(248, 247, 242); overflow-wrap: break-word; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">再假定现在有一块很好的玉石在这里,虽然价值达二三十万两黄金之巨,也一定要“使”琢玉的工人依他的学识技术,把它雕琢好才可以。你现在虽在寻求治理国家的人才,但你却要求那个人放弃平生所学,跟着你的方向,照你的办法去做,这样岂不等于叫琢玉的人,放弃他所学的技术,照你的办法去琢玉一样,这怎么行得通呢? </p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(248, 247, 242); overflow-wrap: break-word; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(248, 247, 242); overflow-wrap: break-word; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">这一段的背景,是孟子在齐国已经逗留好几年了,很不得志,孟子很着急,不得不像下象棋一样,要将上一军了。他对齐宣王说了这么多话,齐宣王一动也不动,没有听他的意见实行仁政,似乎有一点点震动了孟子的浩然正气,好像胡子都翘起来了。 </p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(248, 247, 242); overflow-wrap: break-word; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(248, 247, 242); overflow-wrap: break-word; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">说到这里,<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word;">可看清一个事实,凡是一个知识分子,有了学问以后,想实行他的理想,有所作为,在际遇不好、机会不来的时候,都是这般痛苦的。过去如此,将来也还是一样。</strong>读了这段书,仔细想想,真令人不禁有许多感慨。中国过去有句俗话:“学成文武艺,货与帝王家。”(古人对于文学、武学,叫做文艺、武艺。古人这个“艺”字用得非常好,不管是文学、武学,或任何学问,修养到了艺术的境界,才算有相当的成就。学武也是一样,学到了相当的程度,才称得上武艺,入于艺术境界,也就是所谓“化境”。不像日本人,有所谓一段、两段,一直到九段。日本武术的分段法,是由中国佛家禅宗的“浮山九带”蜕变而来的。)</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(248, 247, 242); overflow-wrap: break-word; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(248, 247, 242); overflow-wrap: break-word; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">上面引用的这句古话,相当深刻,从这句话来看,人都有不满现实的情绪,尽管学问好,本事大,卖不出去,也是枉然。孟子卖不出去,孔子也是卖不出去,在《论语》中记载着孔子说的:“沽之哉!沽之哉!”结果到了流动摊位上,还是卖不出去,永远是受委屈的一副可怜相。<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word;">孟子也一样,现在和将来的人也是一样,卖不掉的时候,都很可怜。这就是世间相。过去是将学成的文武艺卖给帝王家。现在呢?是卖给工商巨子、大资本家。中国的知识分子,几千年来都是如此。沿街叫卖闹莲花的,又岂止是我们这位亚圣夫子而已。 </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(248, 247, 242); overflow-wrap: break-word; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(248, 247, 242); overflow-wrap: break-word; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">另一方面,那些大老板的买主们,态度都很令人难堪,不但是讨价还价,苛求得很,有时候对知识分子就像对上门兜售的小贩一样,看也不看一眼,一挥手,一个劲儿地比着:“去!去!去!”你把黄金当铁贱卖给他,他也不理,就是那么个味道。 </p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(248, 247, 242); overflow-wrap: break-word; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(248, 247, 242); overflow-wrap: break-word; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word;">我在小的时候,父亲告诫我两副语体的对联说:“富贵如龙,游尽五湖四海。贫穷如虎,惊散九族六亲。”另一副说:“打我不痛,骂我不痛,穷措大(现在叫穷小子)肝肠最痛。哭脸好看,笑脸好看,田舍翁(现在叫有钱人)面目难看。”</strong>活了几十年后,对人间事阅历多了,回头再想这副联语,的确是世间的淋漓写照。孟子的仁义之道,在齐宣王那里兜销不出去,他也不想再看这副脸色了。 </p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(248, 247, 242); overflow-wrap: break-word; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word;"></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(248, 247, 242); overflow-wrap: break-word; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">在古代,尤其春秋战国间,知识分子第一个兜销的好对象,当然是卖给人主——各国的诸侯,执政的老板们。如果卖出去了,立即就可平步青云,至少可以弄个大夫当当。其次,卖不到人主,就卖给等而下之的世家,如孟尝君、平原君等四大公子,一般所谓卿大夫之流,能够作他们的座上客,也就心满意足了。实际上,名义虽称之谓“宾客”,也不过是一员养士而已。如弹铗当歌的冯谖,即是如此。到秦始皇统一天下以后,曾经下了逐客令,当时李斯也在被逐之列,临行之时,上书劝谏,秦始皇觉得有理,于是收回成令,李斯后来因而得以重用。虽然如此,各国诸侯的灭亡,对养士风气不能说不是个打击,这一阶段的读书人,是比较凄凉悲惨的,大多流落江湖,过着游侠的生活,这就是汉初游侠之风盛行的主要原因。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(248, 247, 242); overflow-wrap: break-word; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word;"></p><section style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; text-align: right; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0em; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(248, 247, 242); overflow-wrap: break-word; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word;">——南怀瑾先生《孟子旁通》</span></section> <div><br></div><div><a href="https://www.meipian.cn/4h3htzm1?share_depth=1" target="_blank" class="link"><i class="iconfont icon-iconfontlink"> </i>南怀瑾先生讲谈节选合集</a><br></div><div><br></div><div><a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/mp/appmsgalbum?action=getalbum&__biz=MjM5NjA4MDA3MA==&scene=1&album_id=2093142879002066944&count=3#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" class="link"><i class="iconfont icon-iconfontlink"> </i>南怀瑾先生讲座录音合集</a><br></div>