法兰西漫游～～巴黎-蒲罗旺斯-尼斯之旅. {巴黎篇}

Art Historian

游山玩水趁年华

~~~~~~~~03/22/2023至04/04/2023

欢迎👏巴黎，艺术的殿堂，我来啦！

What is a matter of the utmost importance thing in our life？~~ To explore the world!

Arrived at Paris morning of 03/23/2023 Thursday. We took train （metro) from airport to Hotel Vella des Princes ( from airport to Saint Michel) instead of taxi due to unpredictable traffic. There is major strike in Paris for extended retirement age for 55 to 57 years old. We went to restaurant on second floor Orsay museum.

03/23/2023

先吃饱喝足，才有劲玩🤗

Le ESTAURANT Musée d’Orsay

Pâté en croute, tomate verte & oignon pickles

Sélection de notre pâtissier , Suggestion of our pastry Chef

Jeudi I Thursday

Parmentier de canard, sauce marchand de vin & mesclun Duck parmentier, wine merchant sauce

Pastry from Eric Kayser 法国甜品是特别诱人😍的！

https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/PFc_CQWAZzHvMK27Hx8nlm?domain=parismuseumpass.fr

The Musée d'Orsay is a museum in Paris, France, on the Left Bank of the Seine. It is housed in the former Gare d'Orsay, a Beaux-Arts railway station built between 1898 and 1900. The museum holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1914, including paintings, sculptures, furniture, and photography. It houses the largest collection of Impressionist and post-Impressionist masterpieces in the world, by painters including Berthe Morisot, Claude Monet, Édouard Manet, Degas, Renoir, Cézanne, Seurat, Sisley, Gauguin, and van Gogh. Many of these works were held at the Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume prior to the museum's opening in 1986. It is one of the largest art museums in Europe. 

奥赛博物馆（又譯奧塞博物館、奧塞美術館；法語：Musée d'Orsay）是法國巴黎的近代國家艺术博物馆，主要收藏可追溯至1848年到1914年间的法國绘画、雕塑、家具和摄影作品。收藏近代藝術品4700多件，其中該博物館則收藏世界上最多的印象派和後印象派作品，以及著名的象徵主義、現實主義和學院藝術，博物馆位于塞纳河左岸，和卢浮宫斜对，隔河和杜伊勒里公园相对。

The Eiffel Tower is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. Locally nicknamed "La dame de fer", it was constructed from 1887 to 1889 as the centerpiece of the 1889 World's Fair. Although initially criticised by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, it has since become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world. The Eiffel Tower is the most visited monument with an entrance fee in the world: 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015. It was designated a monument historique in 1964, and was named part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991. The tower is 330 metres tall, about the same height as an 81-storey building, and the tallest structure in Paris. Its base is square, measuring 125 metres on each side. During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the Washington Monument to become the tallest human-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years until the Chrysler Building in New York City was finished in 1930.

Cutting through the very heart of the Paris, the Seine River is the epicenter of the vibrant French capital. The gentle waterway is an integral part of the city and its fascinating history. Lined with traditional booksellers and bordered by beautiful boulevards, historic cafés and charming neighborhoods, the river is an attraction in its own right. Walking along the banks of the Seine or taking a relaxing boat tour down its waters is an excellent way to get acquainted with the City of Light. Along the way you’ll encounter a series of beautiful and historic bridges, along with some of the French capital’s most famous buildings and monuments, including the Louvre Museum, Eiffel Tower and the Cathedral of Notre Dame.

The Pont Neuf ("New Bridge") is the oldest standing bridge across the river Seine in Paris, France. It stands by the western (downstream) point of the Île de la Cité, the island in the middle of the river that was, between 250 and 225 BC, the birthplace of Paris, then known as Lutetia and, during the medieval period, the heart of the city.

The bridge is composed of two separate spans, one of five arches joining the left bank to the Île de la Cité, another of seven joining the island to the right bank. Old engraved maps of Paris show that the newly built bridge just grazed the downstream tip of the Île de la Cité; since then, the natural sandbar building of a mid-river island, aided by stone-faced embankments called quais, has extended the island. Today the tip of the island is the location of the Square du Vert-Galant, a small public park named in honour of Henry IV, nicknamed the "Green Gallant".

The name Pont Neuf was given to distinguish it from older bridges that were lined on both sides with houses, and has remained after all of those were replaced. Its name notwithstanding, it has long been the oldest bridge in Paris crossing the Seine. It has been listed since 1889 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

Notre-Dame de Paris, referred to simply as Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité, in the 4th arrondissement of Paris. The cathedral, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, is considered one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture. Several of its attributes set it apart from the earlier Romanesque style, particularly its pioneering use of the rib vault and flying buttress, its enormous and colourful rose windows, and the naturalism and abundance of its sculptural decoration. Notre Dame also stands out for its musical components, notably its three pipe organs and its immense church bells. Construction of the cathedral began in 1163 under Bishop Maurice de Sully and was largely completed by 1260, though it was modified frequently in the centuries that followed. In the 1790s, during the French Revolution, Notre-Dame suffered extensive desecration; much of its religious imagery was damaged or destroyed. In the 19th century, the coronation of Napoleon I and the funerals of many of the French Republic's presidents took place at the cathedral.

巴黎聖母院（法語：Notre-Dame de Paris，发音：[nɔtʁə dam də paʁi] （关于这个音频文件 聆聽）; 意為 巴黎聖母"），正式名稱為巴黎聖母主教座堂（Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris），是位於法國巴黎第四区西堤島的天主教教堂，也是天主教巴黎总教区的主教座堂，約建造於1163年到1250年間，屬於哥特式建筑，是法蘭西島地區的哥特式教堂群中具有代表意義的一座，並以其開創性地使用的尖肋骨拱和飛扶壁，巨大而多彩的玫瑰窗，以及豐富雕塑而聞名[2]聖母院是巴黎最有代表性的歷史古蹟、觀光名勝與宗教場所。更是法國最廣為人知的象徵之一。

03/24/2023

我们计划乘地铁Metro 去凡尔塞宫殿， 但赶上法国工人大罢工，临时叫 uber,也只需€44。

The Palace of Versailles is a former royal residence built by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, about 12 miles west of Paris, France. The palace is owned by the French Republic and since 1995 has been managed, under the direction of the French Ministry of Culture, by the Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles. About 15,000,000 people visit the palace, park, or gardens of Versailles every year, making it one of the most popular tourist attractions in the world. Louis XIII built a simple hunting lodge on the site of the Palace of Versailles in 1623. With his passing came Louis XIV who expanded the château into the beginnings of a palace that went through several changes and phases from 1661 to 1715. It was a favorite residence for both kings, and in 1682, Louis XIV moved the seat of his court and government to Versailles, making the palace the de facto capital of France. This state of affairs was continued by Kings Louis XV and Louis XVI, who primarily made interior alterations to the palace, but in 1789 the royal family and capital of France returned to Paris. 

03/24/2023 晚餐

Les Papippes

30 rue Gay Lussac 75005 Paris. 

This is a Gourmet & friendly French restaurant. In 2003, Bertrand Bluy opened the gastronomic restaurant in the heart of the Quartier Latin. A cozy place where the chef Tom invites you to enjoy dishes made with local products.

03/25/2023

巴黎共有三个火车站🚉，我们从Gare dy Lyon 火车站去枫丹白露宫 Fontainebleau，四十分钟的车程.

Palace of Fontainebleau or Château de Fontainebleau, located 55 kilometers (34 miles) southeast of the center of Paris, in the commune of Fontainebleau, is one of the largest French royal châteaux. The medieval castle and subsequent palace served as a residence for the French monarchs from Louis VII to Napoleon III. Francis I and Napoleon were the monarchs who had the most influence on the palace as it stands today.It became a national museum in 1927 and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981 for its unique architecture and historical importance.

The Sainte-Chapelle is a royal chapel in the Gothic style, within the medieval Palais de la Cité, the residence of the Kings of France until the 14th century, on the Île de la Cité in the River Seine in Paris, France. Construction began sometime after 1238 and the chapel was consecrated on 26 April 1248. The Sainte-Chapelle is considered among the highest achievements of the Rayonnant period of Gothic architecture. It was commissioned by King Louis IX of France to house his collection of Passion relics, including Christ's Crown of Thorns – one of the most important relics in medieval Christendom. This was later held in the nearby Notre-Dame Cathedral until the 2019 fire, which it survived. Along with the Conciergerie, Sainte-Chapelle is one of the earliest surviving buildings of the Capetian royal palace on the Île de la Cité. Although damaged during the French Revolution and restored in the 19th century, it has one of the most extensive 13th-century stained glass collections anywhere in the world. The chapel is now operated as a museum by the French Centre of National Monuments, along with the nearby Conciergerie, the other remaining vestige of the original palace.

巴黎圣礼拜教堂（法語：La Sainte-Chapelle），是法国巴黎市西堤岛上的一座哥德式礼拜堂。聖路易九世下令兴建，于1243年至1248年间修建而成。教堂建造了3年，成连贯样式，这非常少见。

建造的目的在于保存耶穌受难時的圣物，如受难时所戴的荊冠、受难的十字架碎片等。路易九世在教堂和圣物上花费了大量的金钱，其荆冠购得之价钱，比修建圣礼拜堂的花费更为昂贵。教堂内更高一层保存着最重要的圣物，同时连接到路易九世的私人住所。

教堂窗户为彩色窗户拼图，色彩鲜艳，神秘感十足。窗户上的彩画叙述了耶稣的故事以及告诉人们这些圣物是怎样带回来法国的。

目前教堂内除了举办定期的弥撒外，还是一个另人深爱的音乐会举办场所。这里的音乐会常年举办，每天门口都排了等待入场听音乐会的长队。除了巴黎歌剧院的演出，这里是世界各地乐迷游客必到的地方。音乐会曲目也十分丰富，经常听能到维瓦尔第的优美作品《四季》。

Les Halles (French pronunciation: ​[le al]; 'The Halls') was Paris' central fresh food market. It last operated on January 12, 1973, after which it was "left to the demolition men who will knock down the last three of the eight iron-and-glass pavilions" and replaced by an underground shopping centre. The hugely unsuccessful and unpopular 1960s modern development together with the unattractive 1980s modern garden on top of it, was demolished yet again in 2010, and replaced by the Westfield Forum des Halles, a modern shopping mall built largely underground and directly connected to the massive RER and métro transit hub of Châtelet–Les Halles. The shopping mall welcomes 150,000 visitors daily.

A major reconstruction of the mall was undertaken in 2010, and the new version of the Forum des Halles was inaugurated in 2018. The 2.5 hectare Canopy was opened on 5 April 2016. In 2017, the Forum des Halles was the second most visited shopping mall in the Paris region with 42 million yearly visitors.

Saint-Eustache Church (Église Saint-Eustache)

The Church of St. Eustache, Paris (French: église Saint-Eustache), is a church in the 1st arrondissement of Paris. The present building was built between 1532 and 1632.

Situated near the site of Paris' medieval marketplace (Les Halles) and rue Montorgueil, Saint-Eustache exemplifies a mixture of multiple architectural styles: its structure is Flamboyant Gothic[1] while its interior decoration[2] and other details are Renaissance and classical.

The 2019 Easter Mass at Notre-Dame cathedral in Paris was relocated to Saint-Eustache after the Notre-Dame de Paris fire.

03/25/2023 Frence paris

Le Comptoir du Relais

The Musée de l'Orangerie is an art gallery of impressionist and post-impressionist paintings located in the west corner of the Tuileries Garden next to the Place de la Concorde in Paris. The museum is most famous as the permanent home of eight large Water Lilies murals by Claude Monet, and also contains works by Paul Cézanne, Henri Matisse, Amedeo Modigliani, Pablo Picasso, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Henri Rousseau, Alfred Sisley, Chaïm Soutine, Maurice Utrillo, and others.

The Musée Carnavalet in Paris is dedicated to the history of the city. The museum occupies two neighboring mansions: the Hôtel Carnavalet and the former Hôtel Le Peletier de Saint Fargeau. On the advice of Baron Haussmann, the civil servant who transformed Paris in the latter half of the 19th century, the Hôtel Carnavalet was purchased by the Municipal Council of Paris in 1866; it was opened to the public in 1880. By the latter part of the 20th century, the museum was full to capacity. The Hôtel Le Peletier de Saint Fargeau was annexed to the Carnavalet and opened to the public in 1989.

The Place de la Concorde is one of the major public squares in Paris, France. Measuring 7.6 ha in area, it is the largest square in the French capital. It is located in the city's eighth arrondissement, at the eastern end of the Champs-Élysées. It was the site of many notable public executions, including the executions of King Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette and Maximilien Robespierre in the course of the French Revolution, during which the square was temporarily renamed Place de la Révolution.

协和广场，是法国巴黎市中心塞纳河右岸的一个大广场，面积约8.4万平方米，同時也是當前法國最大的廣場及巴黎著名地標。

此廣場過去為法国大革命的重要地點，包括進行路易十六，王后玛丽·安托瓦内特和馬克西米連·羅伯斯比處決便在此發生。在此期間曾暫時改名為革命广场。

The Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile is one of the most famous monuments in Paris, France, standing at the western end of the Champs-Élysées at the centre of Place Charles de Gaulle, formerly named Place de l'Étoile—the étoile or "star" of the juncture formed by its twelve radiating avenues. The location of the arc and the plaza is shared between three arrondissements, 16th, 17th, and 8th. The Arc de Triomphe honours those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French victories and generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces. Beneath its vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I. The central cohesive element of the Axe historique, the Arc de Triomphe was designed by Jean Chalgrin in 1806; its iconographic programme pits heroically nude French youths against bearded Germanic warriors in chain mail. It set the tone for public monuments with triumphant patriotic messages. Inspired by the Arch of Titus in Rome, Italy, the Arc de Triomphe has an overall height of 50 m, the width of 45 m and depth of 22 m, while its large vault is 29.19 m high and 14.62 m wide.

巴黎凯旋门（法語：Arc de triomphe de l'Étoile），即雄狮凯旋门，位于法国巴黎十七區的戴高乐广场中央，香榭丽舍大街的西端。是拿破仑为纪念1805年打败俄奥联军的胜利，于1806年下令修建而成的。拿破仑被推翻后，凯旋门工程中途辍止。1830年波旁王朝被推翻后又重新复工，到1836年终于全部竣工。

Place des Vosges (French pronunciation: ​[plas de voʒ]), originally Place Royale, is the oldest planned square in Paris, France. It is located in the Marais district, and it straddles the dividing-line between the 3rd and 4th arrondissements of Paris. It was a fashionable and expensive square to live in during the 17th and 18th centuries, and one of the main reasons for the chic nature of Le Marais among the Parisian nobility.

The Jardin du Luxembourg, known in English as the Luxembourg Garden, colloquially referred to as the Jardin du Sénat, is located in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, France. Creation of the garden began in 1612 when Marie de' Medici, the widow of King Henry IV, constructed the Luxembourg Palace as her new residence. The garden today is owned by the French Senate, which meets in the Palace. It covers 23 hectares and is known for its lawns, tree-lined promenades, tennis courts, flowerbeds, model sailboats on its octagonal Grand Bassin, as well as picturesque Medici Fountain, built in 1620. The name Luxembourg comes from the Latin Mons Lucotitius, the name of the hill where the garden is located.

The Musée Rodin in Paris, France, is a museum that was opened in 1919, primarily dedicated to the works of the French sculptor Auguste Rodin. It has two sites: the Hôtel Biron and surrounding grounds in central Paris, as well as just outside Paris at Rodin's old home, the Villa des Brillants at Meudon, Hauts-de-Seine. The collection includes 6,600 sculptures, 8,000 drawings, 8,000 old photographs and 7,000 objets d'art. The museum receives 700,000 visitors annually. While living in the Villa des Brillants, Rodin used the Hôtel Biron as his workshop from 1908, and subsequently donated his entire collection of sculptures – along with paintings by Vincent van Gogh, Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir that he had acquired – to the French State on the condition that they turn the buildings into a museum dedicated to his works. The Musée Rodin contains most of Rodin's significant creations, including The Thinker, The Kiss and The Gates of Hell. Many of his sculptures are displayed in the museum's extensive garden. The museum includes a room dedicated to the works of Camille Claudel and one of the two castings of The Mature Age.

Père Lachaise Cemetery is the largest cemetery in Paris, France. With more than 3.5 million visitors annually, it is the most visited necropolis in the world. Notable figures in the arts buried at Père Lachaise include Michel Ney, Frédéric Chopin, Émile Waldteufel, Édith Piaf, Marcel Proust, Georges Méliès, Marcel Marceau, Sarah Bernhardt, Oscar Wilde, Thierry Fortineau, J.R.D. Tata, Gertrude Stein, Jim Morrison and Sir Richard Wallace. The Père Lachaise is located in the 20th arrondissement and was the first garden cemetery, as well as the first municipal cemetery in Paris. It is also the site of three World War I memorials. The cemetery is located on the Boulevard de Ménilmontant. The Paris Métro station Philippe Auguste on Line 2 is next to the main entrance, while the station Père Lachaise, on both Line 2 and Line 3, is 500 meters away near a side entrance.

拉雪兹神父公墓（法语：Cimetière du Père-Lachaise，官方名称：cimetière de l'Est，意指「东公墓」）是法國巴黎市區内最大的墓地，位于巴黎第20区，面积超過43萬平方米。它是巴黎第一個園林公墓。也是巴黎第一個市政公墓。

Île de la Cité is an island in the river Seine in the center of Paris. In the 4th century, it was the site of the fortress of the Roman governor. In 508, Clovis I, the first King of the Franks, established his palace on the island. In the 12th century, it became an important religious center, the home of Notre-Dame cathedral, and the royal chapel of Sainte-Chapelle, as well as the city's first hospital, the Hôtel-Dieu. It is also the site of the city's oldest surviving bridge, the Pont Neuf. With the departure of the French kings to the Louvre Palace, and then to the Palace of Versailles, the island became France's judicial centre. In 1302, it hosted the first meeting of the Parliament of Paris and was later the site of the trials of aristocrats during the French Revolution. Today, it is the home of the Prefecture de Police, the Palais de Justice, and the Tribunal de commerce de Paris. The Mémorial des Martyrs de la Déportation, a memorial to the 200,000 people deported from Vichy France to Nazi concentration camps during the Second World War, is located at the eastern end of the island.

西岱岛（法語：Île de la Cité，直译：城島）是位于法国巴黎市中心塞纳河中的两座岛屿之一（另一座为圣路易岛），也是巴黎城区的发源地，著名的巴黎圣母院和圣礼拜堂都位于该岛。西岱島的西端為一座墨洛溫王朝的宮殿，它的東端從墨洛溫王朝之後就被作為宗教場所，尤其是在巴黎聖母院建立之後。

直到1850年代，西岱島大部分還是住宅區與商業區，不過現在被司法大廈、醫院與巴黎警察總局所取代，現在只有島的西邊與北邊一小部分的區域為住宅區，而住宅區也保留了16世紀修士的住所。

The Louvre, or the Louvre Museum, is the world's most-visited museum, and a historic landmark in Paris, France. It is the home of some of the best-known works of art, including the Mona Lisa and the Venus de Milo. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement. At any given point in time, approximately 38,000 objects from prehistory to the 21st century are being exhibited over an area of 72,735 square meters. Attendance in 2022 was 7.8 million visitors, up 170 percent from 2021, but still below the 10.8 million visitors in 2018 before COVID. The museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built in the late 12th to 13th century under Philip II. Remnants of the Medieval Louvre fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to urban expansion, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function, and in 1546 Francis I converted it into the primary residence of the French Kings. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace.

03/26/2023 晚餐

Église and Fontaine Saint-Sulpice

The Petit Palais is an art museum in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France. Built for the 1900 Exposition Universelle, it now houses the City of Paris Museum of Fine Arts. The Petit Palais is located across from the Grand Palais on the former Avenue Nicolas II, today Avenue Winston-Churchill. The other façades of the building face the Seine and Avenue des Champs-Élysées. The Petit Palais is one of fourteen museums of the City of Paris that have been incorporated since 1 January 2013 in the public corporation Paris Musées. It has been listed since 1975 as a monument historique by the Ministry of Culture.

小皇宮（Petit Palais）位於法國巴黎，現為小皇宮美術館。

The Musée de Cluny, officially Musée de Cluny-Musée National du Moyen Âge, is a museum of medieval art in Paris. It is located in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, bordered by square Samuel-Paty to the south, boulevard Saint-Michel to the west, boulevard Saint-Germain to the north, and rue Saint-Jacques to the east. Its building combines Roman-era Thermae, the Thermes de Cluny including a well-preserved frigidarium, and the 15th-century Hôtel de Cluny, the Parisian mansion of the Abbey of Cluny. The museum houses a notable collection of art from the Middle Ages, including the iconic series of six 15th-century tapestries known as The Lady and the Unicorn.

The history of the Dôme des Invalides is closely linked to that of France: it was the church where royal mass took place during the reign of Louis XIV, then it housed the Tomb of Napoleon I in the 19th century, and provided shelter for Allied pilots in the Second World War. Learn about this place's many purposes through the centuries.

Maison de Victor Hugo is a writer's house museum located where Victor Hugo lived for 16 years between 1832 and 1848. It is one of the 14 City of Paris' Museums that have been incorporated since January 1, 2013 in the public institution Paris Musées.

The Church of Saint-Séverin (French: Église Saint-Séverin) is a Roman Catholic church in the 5th arrondissement, or Latin Quarter, of Paris, on the lively tourist street Rue Saint-Séverin. It was constructed beginning in 1230, then, after a fire, rebuilt and enlarged in the 15th to 17th centuries in the Flamboyant Gothic style. It was the parish church for students at the University of Paris, and is one of the oldest churches that remains standing on the Left Bank.

The Petit Palais (French: [pəti palɛ]; English: Small Palace) is an art museum in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France.

Built for the 1900 Exposition Universelle ("universal exhibition"), it now houses the City of Paris Museum of Fine Arts (Musée des beaux-arts de la ville de Paris). The Petit Palais is located across from the Grand Palais on the former Avenue Nicolas II, today Avenue Winston-Churchill. The other façades of the building face the Seine and Avenue des Champs-Élysées.

The Petit Palais is one of fourteen museums of the City of Paris that have been incorporated since 1 January 2013 in the public corporation Paris Musées. It has been listed since 1975 as a monument historique by the Ministry of Culture.

Conciergerie巴黎古监狱

Impossible to miss in the heart of Palma’s Old Town, Plaza Mayor is the Mallorcan capital’s largest square and a lively meeting place at any time of day. Constructed in the 19th century on a storied piece of land, today the sprawling rectangular plaza serves as a shopping and dining hotspot for locals and visitors alike. 与巴黎圣母院相临