法兰西漫游～～巴黎-蒲罗旺斯-尼斯之旅. {蒲罗旺斯篇}

Art Historian

小城故事 普罗旺斯（Provence)法国东南部的一个地区，古代时是古罗马的一个行省，毗邻地中海，和意大利接壤。从阿尔卑斯山经里昂南流的罗讷河，在普罗旺斯附近分为两大支流，然后注入地中海。历史上的普罗旺斯地域范围变化很大，古罗马时期普罗旺斯行省北至阿尔卑斯山，南抵比利牛斯山脉，包括整个法国南部。18世纪末法国大革命时，普罗旺斯成为5个行政省份之一。到了1960年代，法国被重新划分为22个大区，普罗旺斯属于普罗旺斯-阿尔卑斯-蓝色海岸大区。普罗旺斯境内有艾克斯、马赛等名城，并出产优质葡萄酒。此地区物产丰饶、阳光明媚、风景优美，从古希腊、古罗马时代起就吸引着无数游人，至今依然是旅游胜地。普罗旺斯的薰衣草花田更是难得的美景。 我们上午离开了巴黎火车站🚉(Gare de Lyon) , 下午全法大罢工的游行队伍就占据了此地。我们此行的南法之旅的第一站是阿维尼翕小镇。原计划抽出半天时间从这里去阿尔勒小镇(Arles）参观梵高笔下的小教堂以及他曾经住过的精神病医院。这些天火车经常脱点或取消,你根本就不知道什么工作，什么不工作，就留点遗憾吧！我们碰到从美国来旅行一对母女，据她们讲她们的火车因罢工取消了，她们只能临时定出租，多花了一千欧元。她们已经在网上定了联票。阿尔勒是法国艺术与历史之城，是罗讷河入海前的最后一处内港，也是连接普罗旺斯和朗格多克之间的重要通道，其城市建于古罗马时期，市区内有阿尔勒竞技场、古代剧场等多处古罗马建筑，已于1981年被列入《世界文化遗产》。The Roman and Romanesque Monuments of Arles were listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1981 for their testimony to the history of the region.Many artists have lived and worked in this area because of the southern light, including Pablo Picasso, Paul Gauguin, Jacques Réattu, and Peter Brown. The Dutch post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh lived in Arles from 1888 to 1889, and produced over 300 paintings and drawings during his time there. These are in internationally known museums and private collections around the world. An international photography festival has been held annually in the city since 1970. World heritage site of UNESCO ～～Avignon Located on the banks on the Rhône River in the Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur region, Avignon is a Provençal city known for its medieval walls, 14th-century Pope's Palace & 12th-century bridge.Historic Centre of Avignon: Papal Palace, Episcopal Ensemble and Avignon BridgeIn the 14th century, this city in the South of France was the seat of the papacy. The Palais des Papes, an austere-looking fortress lavishly decorated by Simone Martini and Matteo Giovanetti, dominates the city, the surrounding ramparts and the remains of a 12th-century bridge over the Rhone. Beneath this outstanding example of Gothic architecture, the Petit Palais and the Romanesque Cathedral of Notre-Dame-des-Doms complete an exceptional group of monuments that testify to the leading role played by Avignon in 14th-century Christian Europe.阿维尼翁历史中心：教皇宫、主教圣堂和阿维尼翁桥, 这些遗迹彰显着这座悠久古城辉煌的历史！这座位于法国南部的城市是14世纪罗马教皇的居所。教皇宫其实就是一个装饰豪华却外表朴素的城堡，由西蒙·马蒂尼和马泰奥·焦瓦内蒂(Simone Martini and Matteo Giovanetti)装修而成，占据了这座城市绝大部分面积，周围是坚固的城墙和12世纪隆河桥的遗址。在卓越的哥特式建筑之下，小宫殿和圣母院的罗马式主教堂古迹实属罕见，证明了阿维尼翁在14世纪基督化欧洲所发挥的领导作用。 The Palais des Papes (English: Palace of the Popes; lo Palais dei Papas in Occitan) is a historical palace located in Avignon, Southern France. It is one of the largest and most important medieval Gothic buildings in Europe. Once a fortress and palace, the papal residence was a seat of Western Christianity during the 14th century. Six papal conclaves were held in the Palais, leading to the elections of Benedict XII in 1334, Clement VI in 1342, Innocent VI in 1352, Urban V in 1362, Gregory XI in 1370 and Benedict XIII in 1394. Since 1995, the Palais des Papes has been classified, along with the historic center of Avignon, as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, for its outstanding architecture and historical importance for the Papacy. Avignon Cathedral is a Roman Catholic church located next to the Palais des Papes in Avignon, France. The cathedral is the seat of the Archbishop of Avignon. The cathedral is a Romanesque building, constructed primarily in the second half of the 12th century. The bell tower collapsed in 1405 and was rebuilt in 1425. In 1670–1672 the apse was rebuilt and extended. This led to the destruction of the medieval cloister. The building was abandoned and allowed to deteriorate during the Revolution, but it was reconsecrated in 1822 and restored by the archbishop Célestin Dupont in 1835–1842. The most prominent feature of the cathedral is a gilded statue of the Virgin Mary atop the bell tower which was erected in 1859. The interior contains many works of art. The most famous of these is the mausoleum of Pope John XXII, a 14th-century Gothic edifice. It was moved in 1759, damaged during the Revolution, and restored to its original position in 1840. The cathedral was listed as a Monument historique in 1840. The Musée du Petit Palais is a museum and art gallery in Avignon, southern France. It opened in 1976 and has an exceptional collection of Renaissance paintings of the Avignon school as well as from Italy, which reunites many "primitives" from the collection of Giampietro Campana. It is housed in a 14th-century building at the north side of the square overlooked by the Palais des Papes. The building, built in the early 14th century as the residence of the bishops of Avignon, was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the historic center of Avignon in 1995. Basílica de San Pedro de AviñónGothic 1300s church with ornate doors The walls of Avignon are a series of defensive stone walls that surround the city of Avignon in the south of France. They were originally built in the 14th century during the Avignon papacy and have been continually rebuilt and repaired throughout their subsequent history. The walls replaced an earlier double set of defensive walls that had been completed in the first two decades of the 13th century. During the Albigensian Crusade the town sided with the Count of Toulouse, Raymond VII but in 1226, after a three-month siege by Louis VIII of France, Avignon capitulated and was forced to dismantle the walls and fill in the moats. Beginning in around 1231, the defences were rebuilt. Although these early walls have not survived, their path is preserved in the street plan of the city. In 1309 Pope Clement V moved to Avignon and under the papacy the town expanded outside the limits of the earlier city walls. From the 1350s during the Hundred Years' War the town became vulnerable to pillage by marauding bands of mercenaries and in 1357 under Innocent VI, the fifth Avignon pope, work began on the construction of new set of city walls to enclose the expanded town. The Church of St. Trophime is a Roman Catholic church and former cathedral located in the city of Arles, in the Bouches-du-Rhône Department of southern France. It was built between the 12th century and the 15th century, and is in the Romanesque architectural tradition. The sculptures over the church's portal, particularly the Last Judgement, and the columns in the adjacent cloister, are considered some of the finest examples of Romanesque sculpture. The church was built upon the site of the 5th-century basilica of Arles, named for St. Stephen. In the 15th century a Gothic choir was added to the Romanesque nave. Along with other medieval and Roman buildings in Arles, in 1981 the church was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments group. Montmajour Abbey, formally the Abbey of St. Peter in Montmajour, was a fortified Benedictine monastery built between the 10th and 18th centuries on what was originally an island five kilometers north of Arles, in what is now the Bouches-du-Rhône Department, in the region of Provence in the south of France. The abbey complex consists of six sections: the hermitage, dating from the 11th century, which includes the Chapel of St. Peter; the cloister, built during the 12th and 13th centuries; the adjacent Chapel of the Holy Cross, built during the 12th century; the fortified Monastery of St. Peter, built during the 14th century; the Tower of Abbot Pons de l'Orme, dating from the same period; the Maurist monastery, built in the 17th century. The abbey is noted for its 11th–14th-century graves, carved in the rock, its subterranean crypt, and its massive unfinished church. It was an important pilgrimage site during the Middle Ages, and in the 18th century it was the site of a large Maurist monastery, now in ruin. The abbey and the landscape around it were frequently painted and drawn by Vincent van Gogh.  圣贝内泽桥（法語：Pont Saint-Bénezet），又名阿维尼翁桥（Pont d'Avignon），是一座著名的中世纪桥梁，位于法国南部城市阿维尼翁。The Pont Saint-Bénézet, also known as the Pont d'Avignon, was a medieval bridge across the Rhône in the town of Avignon, in southern France. Only four arches survive. A wooden bridge spanning the Rhône between Villeneuve-lès-Avignon and Avignon was built between 1177 and 1185. This early bridge was destroyed forty years later in 1226 during the Albigensian Crusade when Louis VIII of France laid siege to Avignon. Beginning in 1234 the bridge was rebuilt with 22 stone arches. The stone bridge was about 900 m in length and only 4.9 m in width, including the parapets at the sides. The bridge was abandoned in the mid-17th century as the arches tended to collapse each time the Rhône （莱茵河）flooded making it very expensive to maintain. Four arches and the gatehouse at the Avignon end of the bridge have survived. The Chapel of Saint Nicholas which sits on the second pier of the bridge, was constructed in the second half of 12th century but has since been substantially altered. The western terminus, the Tour Philippe-le-Bel, is also preserved. The bridge was the inspiration for the song Sur le pont d'Avignon and is considered a landmark of the city. 阿维尼翕陏拍，随处可见的古老建筑遗迹讲述着这座历史悠久名城的故事。 03/27/2023 在蒲罗旺斯阿维尼翁一家名为 Le Gout Du Jour的法国小餐厅吃晚餐。我选了他们的特色套餐。法餐的特点是精致、普遍偏甜. 流经阿维尼翁的罗讷河 Musée Lapidaire A small museum in 17 century church exhibiting Greek, Roman, and Etruscan sculptures, vases and glass.The Lapidary Museum is a lapidarium-museum in Avignon, France. It has housed the classical Greek, Etruscan, Roman and Gallo-Roman sculptures and objects of the Calvet Museum since the 1980s. They are both run by the Fondation Calvet. As well as exhibiting the museum's core collections, it also mounts summer temporary exhibitions (e.g. "La diffusion des cultes égyptiens et alexandrins dans le monde romain à L'Égypte copte et l'Égypte musulmane" and "Le laraire d'Esprit Calvet"), conferences and networking events, particularly for scholars. 03/28/2023 晚餐 Enough is enough, I feel I had enough French history and culture, so I need some fresh air and nature. So we booked this day trip to a few small towns of south French from Avignon.https://www.viator.com/tours/France/Luberon-Roussillon-and-Gordes-Day-Tour-from-AvignonLuberon, Roussillon & Gordes from Avignon Wednesday, March 29, 2023 at 09:00 AMDiscover the colorful landscapes of Provence on this day tour of the Luberon Valley from Avignon. Admire the ochre cliffs of Roussillon and the blooming lavender fields; visit the picturesque hilltop village of Gordes; and see historic landmarks such as the Abbey of Senanque. Luberon, Roussillon, and Gordes tour from Avignon Admire the ochre cliffs, lavender fields, and hilltop villages of Provence Explore the Provencal villages and markets of Gordes and Roussillon Enjoy views of the Luberon Valley and the Abbey of Senanque.Read more about Luberon, Roussillon & Gordes What To Expect 1 Abbaye Notre-Dame de Senanque Situated, since the 12th century, deep in its Provençal valley, the Abbey of Sénanque is one of the most pure examples of the primitive Cistercian architecture. 10 minutes 2 Vieille Ville de Gordes Its history, its heritage and architectural richness, its breath-taking panoramas, protected landscapes and nature are as many invitations to discover this little Provençal jewel. 30 minutes 3 Roussillon Wandering the narrow streets, stairs and squares in Roussillon opens your eyes to the beautiful natural pigments used throughout the village, and the millennium-old knowledge of how to use this generous natural gift. In Roussillon, man has long worked in harmony with nature. 1 hour 4 Fontaine de Vaucluse A cool and quiet wellspring in winter and summer, and a surging and impetuous torrent in in spring and autumn, the Fontaine is a real wonder of nature which never ceases to amaze. The Luberon is the heart of ProvenceClose your eyes and dream of Provence and the chances are you are seeing the Luberon: spectacular landscapes of vineyards and lavender, fascinating ‘perched’ hill-top villages, daily markets and outstanding natural produce, all bathed in the pure light of van Gogh and Cezanne. This place is famous for cherry, lavender seeds and wines. 我们三月底来此,薰衣草才刚发芽，想看漫山遍野的薰衣草花开，必须在每年的六月中旬至七月中旬来。那种感觉我们现在也只能意会一下了。 Fontaine de VaucluseA cool and quiet wellspring in winter and summer, and a surging and impetuous torrent in in spring and autumn, the Fontaine is a real wonder of nature which never ceases to amaze.这座小镇是法国南部二战期间抵抗运动的一个十分重要的中心地带。为此特意修建了一个纪念馆。 Abbaye Notre-Dame de SenanqueSituated, since the 12th century, deep in its Provençal valley, the Abbey of Sénanque is one of the most pure examples of the primitive Cistercian architecture. Vieille Ville de Gordes Its history, its heritage and architectural richness, its breath-taking panoramas, protected landscapes and nature are as many invitations to discover this little Provençal jewel.为了保持这座小城别具情调的建筑风格，所有的外墙必须用灰白色的石灰石，必须符合政府的统一标准。 Roussillon Wandering the narrow streets, stairs and squares in Roussillon opens your eyes to the beautiful natural pigments used throughout the village, and the millennium-old knowledge of how to use this generous natural gift. In Roussillon, man has long worked in harmony with nature. The colorful ochre cliffs are very unique.