『中庸』第二十九章

守中阁

简体：

王天下有三重焉，其寡过矣乎！上焉者，虽善无征，无征不信，不信民弗从。下焉者，虽善不尊，不尊不信，不信民弗从。故君子之道，本诸身，征诸庶民，考诸三王而不缪，建诸天地而不悖，质诸鬼神而无疑，百世以俟圣人而不惑。质诸鬼神而无疑，知天也；百世以俟圣人而不惑，知人也。

是故君子动而世为天下道，行而世为天下法，言而世为天下则。远之则有望，近之则不厌。

《诗》曰：“在彼无恶，在此无射，庶几夙夜，以永终誉！”君子未有不如此而蚤有誉于天下者也。

注解：

　(1)王天下有三重蔫：王(Wang)，作动词用，王天下即在天下做王的意思，也就是统治天下。三重，指上一章所说的三件重要的事：仪礼、制度、考文。

　　(2)上焉者：指在上位的人，即君王。

　　(3)下焉者：指在下位的人，即臣下。

　　(4)三王：指夏、商、周三代君王。

　　(5)建，立。

　　(6)质：质询，询问。

　　(7)俟：待。

　　(8)道：通“导”，先导。

　　(9)望：威望。

　　(10)”《诗》曰”句：引自《诗经·周颂·振鹭》。。射(yi)，《诗经》本作“斁”，厌弃的意思。庶几(ji)，几乎。夙(sU)夜：早晚，夙，早。

　　(11)蚤：即“早”。

白话文：

治理天下能够做好议订礼仪，制订法度，考订文字规范这三件重要的事，也就没有什么大的过失了吧!

　　在上位的人，虽然行为很好，但如果没有验证的活，就不能使人信服，不能使人信服，老百姓就不会听从。在下位的人，虽然行为很好，但由于没有尊贵的地位，也不能使人信服，不能使人信服，老百姓就不会听从。

　　所以君子治理天下应该以自身的德行为根本，并从老百姓那里得到验证。考查夏、商、周三代先王的做法而没有背谬，立于天地之间而没有悖乱，质询于鬼神而没有疑问，百世以后待到圣人出现也没有什么不理解的地方。

　　质询于鬼神而没有疑问，这是知道天理;百世以后待到圣人出现也没有什么不理解的地方，这是知道人意。

　　所以君子的举止能世世代代成为天下的先导，行为能世世代代成为天下的法度，语言能世世代代成为天下准则。在远处有威望，在近处也不使人厌恶。

　　《诗经》说，“在那里没有人憎恶，在这里没有人厌烦，日日夜夜操劳啊，为了保持美好的名望。”君于没有不这样做而能够早早在天下获得名望的。

繁体：

王天下有三重焉，其寡過矣乎！上焉者，雖善無征，無征不信，不信民弗從。下焉者，雖善不尊，不尊不信，不信民弗從。故君子之道，本諸身，征諸庶民，考諸三王而不繆，建諸天地而不悖，質諸鬼神而無疑，百世以俟聖人而不惑。質諸鬼神而無疑，知天也；百世以俟聖人而不惑，知人也。

是故君子動而世為天下道，行而世為天下法，言而世為天下則。遠之則有望，近之則不厭。

《詩》曰：“在彼無惡，在此無射，庶幾夙夜，以永終譽！”君子未有不如此而蚤有譽於天下者也。

英译：

To attain to the sovereignty of the world,thereare three important things necessary;they may per-haps be summed up in one:blamelessness of life.

However excellent a system of moral truths ap-pealing to supernatural authority may be,it is notverifiable by experience; what is not verifiable by ex-perience,cannot command credence; and what cannotcommand credence,the people will never obey.Howeverexcellent a system of moral truths appealing merelyto worldly authority may be,it does not commandrespect; what does not command respect, cannotcommand credence;and what cannot command cre-dence,the people will never obey.

Therefore every system of moral laws must bebased upon the man's own consciousness. It must beverified by the common experience of men. Examinedinto by comparing it with the teachings of acknowl-edged great and wise men of the past,there must beno divergence. Applying it to the operations andprocesses of nature in the physical universe,theremust be no contradiction.Confronted with the spirit-ual powers of the universe, a man must be able tomaintain it without any doubt. He must be preparedto wait, a hundred generations after him,for thecoming of a man of perfect divine nature to confirmit without any misgiving. The fact that he is able toconfront the spiritual powers of the universe withoutany doubt, shows that he understands the will ofGod.The fact that he is prepared to wait,a hundredgenerations after him,for the man of perfect divinenature without any misgiving, shows that he under-stands the nature of man.

Wherefore it is that it is true of the really greatmoral man that every act of his life becomes an ex-ample for generations;everything he does,becomes astatute for generations; and every word he utters,becomes a law for generations. Those who are faraway and do not know him look up to him, whilethose who are near and know him do not reject him.

In the Book of Songs it is said:

There they found no fault in him;

Here they ever welcome him;

Thus from day to day and night to night,

They will perpetuate his praise!

Thus a moral man unless he realises this de-scription of a man,can never obtain at once recogni-tion of his moral qualities throughout the world.etuate his praise!

Thus a moral man unless he realises this de-scription of a man,can never obtain at once recogni-tion of his moral qualities throughout the world.