<p data-style="margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="2">有这样一个国家,印度想要吞并它,但是它却坚持宣称属于中国。这是哪个国家?它又为什么选择这样做?</h3></br><h3> <p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="3">这个国家就是锡金王国,它是1942到1975年间存在的一个独立君主制国家,后来正式被印度吞并,如今是印度的一个邦。</h3></br><p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="5">锡金位于中印边界,虽现在属于印度,但曾经有1200多年的历史属于西藏的一部分。很久之前,锡金最早居住的居民是雷布查人。</h3></br><h3> <p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="6">后来在七世纪初,松赞干布统一了西藏,并且建立了吐蕃王朝,而此时的锡金由于位置优势被纳入了吐蕃王朝的领地。并且在后来的1200多年的时光里锡金都是属于西藏的一部分。</h3></br><p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="7">然而,在10世纪之期,藏传佛教康巴地域产生了宁玛派,这个派别信佛,派别的僧侣们都非常喜欢戴小红帽,因此人们都称他们为“红教”。</h3></br><h3> <p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="38">但是周边许多教派都看不起宁玛派,尤其是喜欢念咒的宁玛派人。</h3></br><p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="8">这些教派认为宁玛派人只会做法念咒混迹江湖,因受到众多教派排挤,康巴地域信仰“红教”的菩提亚人也陆续转移到了锡金,他们决定在此生活。</h3></br><h3> <p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="39">而且这些人与该地区原来的居民雷布查人相处非常融合。</h3></br><p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="9">菩提亚人与雷布查人有许多相似之处,他们都属于蒙古人种南亚类。对于婚姻观也保持相同的看法,自菩提亚人迁移到此,锡金也已经形成了原始部落。</h3></br><h3> <p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="12">这时的锡金已经是一个独立的部落。但是由于当地信佛,军事力量一直比较弱,所以一旦有外来的入侵者,锡金将毫无抵抗。</h3></br><h3> <p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="13">锡金王国传到第三代之时,邻国不丹开始对它进行侵犯。不丹国王对锡金进行侵占,人为刀俎,我为鱼肉。此时的锡金人民像案板上的鱼肉任由不丹国欺负宰割。</h3></br><p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="14">西藏知道此事后,立马派出军队帮助锡金抵抗外来的侵略者。当时的西藏实力雄厚,很快,不丹国很顺利地退出了锡金境内。</h3></br><h3> <p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="40">此后的锡金又是一片祥和景象,直到尼泊尔的入侵,才打破了这一祥和的局面。</h3></br><p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="41">在1788年,尼泊尔的军队进入了锡金部落并且开始攻打锡金。可是当时锡金的首都拉达孜被侵占,锡金完全没有足够的兵力抵抗,就连国王也决定越境开始四处逃窜,开始了颠沛流离的生活,最终他来到了西藏的春丕谷避难。</h3></br><h3> <p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="16">尼泊尔的军队继续向前攻击推进,逐渐占据了锡金的大部分领域,后占领了整个后藏。不仅如此,还洗劫了班禅喇嘛的驻锡地扎什伦布寺。</h3></br><p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="17">这种情况下,他们求助大清帝国。乾隆皇帝为此先后派出两次用兵,最终在1791年将尼泊尔的军队逐出西藏,并且追击至尼泊尔领域的首都加德满都,以此平息了锡金王国的战乱状况。</h3></br><h3> <p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="18">清朝的雄厚实力在当时世界上是众所周知的,邻国都不敢随意侵犯我国的领土。但是,在十九世纪初,西方殖民主义快速发展,以英美为首的西方国家开始入侵东方。</h3></br><p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="20">英国殖民者在占领印度后迅速出兵将锡金占领,此时的清朝难以对其实施九院。当时处于闭关锁国的清朝在许多方面都落后于西方,就连清朝政府自身也没有逃脱被侵略的厄运。</h3></br><h3> <p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="21">后来西藏被英国殖民者侵略。1890年,与英国签订了《藏印条约》,彻底成为了西方的殖民地。锡金也完全被英国所控制,直至第二次世界大战结束。</h3></br><p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="22">在英国殖民地对锡金进行统治期间,他们允许大量尼泊尔居民入住锡金领域,掌控锡金的发展改革。</h3></br><h3> <p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="23">二战结束后,英国殖民者返回英国,许多殖民地终于摆脱了这些侵略者的掌控。</h3></br><p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="42">锡金就是众多殖民地的一者。在它重获“自由之身”时,本以为会重新变成一个独立的国家,但事情的发展却让它难以想象。</h3></br><p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="24">摆脱入侵者统治的锡金终于重新自由,但接下来的事情却让它重新步入被统治的道路。</h3></br><h3> <p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;" data-track="25">1947年,印度重新实现了自身的独立,但是它却慢慢盯上了锡金这块肥肉。于是印度统治者想要将锡金收入自身囊中,野心勃勃的他们没有直接攻打,而是与锡金签订了一些列的协议。</h3></br><p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;" data-track="26">在1947年,印度与锡金签订了《维持现状协定》,开始往锡金派驻专员,并且要求锡金国王进行改革。</h3></br><h3> <p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;" data-track="27">随后在1949年6月初,印度担心锡金国产生动乱,便以"防止动乱和流血"为原因,派遣他们的军队入侵锡金,并且强行统治接管成立仅仅一月的新政府,随后委任印度血统的拉尔为锡金首相。</h3></br><p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: left;" data-track="28">后来的几年中,印度进一步逼迫锡金签订许多不利的条约和协议,剥夺了锡金本有的众多权利,以此保证印度对锡金的权威掌控,并且对锡金实施军事管控。</h3></br><h3> <p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="29">长期的压迫使得锡金国内爆发了多次国民运动,以此表达对侵略者的反抗。就这样,锡金的国民运动反反复复持续了两年之久。</h3></br><p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="30">印度政府的耐心在国民运动期间逐渐消磨,决定派兵攻打锡金。由于锡金军事设备落后,很快被印度攻打下来。</h3></br><h3> <p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="32">处于被动状态的锡金决定向中国求助,此时的中国仿佛是他们的救命稻草一样。他们宁愿加入中国,也不愿被印度所掌控。</h3></br><h3> <p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="33">于是锡金向我国递交了申请,当时的国内正处于百废待兴之际,所以拒绝了锡金的请求。</h3></br><p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="34">但是锡金并未就此放弃,他们坚持不断地发出请求。短短十几年期间,锡金就向国内提交申请100余次。</h3></br><h3> <p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="43">到1975年,据统计,锡金共向我国提交申请149次,被拒后坚持挂我国国旗,并宣称属于中国。</h3></br><p data-style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-track="35">之后,印度对锡金的侵略越来越张狂,锡金国王也被迫逃窜到美国,而锡金也成为了印度的一个邦。</h3></br><h3> <p class="ql-block">锡金国王在去世之前一直希望能够复国,可惜到去世也没有实现。</p><p class="ql-block">如今,锡金成为了印度的一个邦。它的历史沿革丰富而令人感怀,从一个独立的国家逐渐沦落为他国之邦。锡金数百年来的遭遇着实悲惨。</p><p class="ql-block">一个国家只有依靠雄厚的实力才能守卫自己的领土!</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block"><a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/CHkGqQ69_9hXhto06njdKQ" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 15px;">查看原文</a><span style="font-size: 15px;"> 原文转载自微信公众号,著作权归作者所有</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>相关链接</b></p><p class="ql-block"><a href="https://mbd.baidu.com/ma/s/DoOVj5EU" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px;">锡金王国-百度百科</a></p><p class="ql-block"><a href="https://m.163.com/dy/article/HUC1FOO8055619C0.html?spss=adap_pc" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px;">这个国家曾单方面宣布加入中国,被吞并前三小时,升起五星红旗</a></p><p class="ql-block"><a href="https://mr.baidu.com/r/VRUdxCB3Q4?f=cp&u=0bb2cb2fab5d7181" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px;">锡金面临灭顶之灾,要求加入中国却遭到拒绝</a></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>延伸阅读</b></p><p class="ql-block"><a href="https://www.meipian.cn/4n3o0fe3" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px;">美国教科书中的中国历史地图:朝鲜被画入清朝版图 / Historical map of China in American textbook:</a></p><p class="ql-block"><a href="https://www.meipian.cn/4lw9pcvo" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px;">二战时苏联曾与日本合作出卖中国,历史课本没写!/ Sell-out of China by Soviet-Japanese neutrality Treaty</a></p><p class="ql-block"><a href="https://www.meipian.cn/4lsv6dgh" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px;">中国领土苏岩礁是如何被韩国控制的?与间谍李滨有关!/ Suyan Reef is Chinese territory</a></p><p class="ql-block"><a href="https://www.meipian.cn/4lpjh9ix" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px;">中国的疆域是如何开拓和继承下来的?现代中国的领土主权如何形成?/ History of Chinese territory</a></p><p class="ql-block"><a href="https://www.meipian.cn/4lkz8twu" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px;">跪在岳飞面前的除了秦桧,更应该有赵构!/ Zhao Gou should kneel in front of Yue Fei's tomb!</a></p><p class="ql-block"><a href="https://www.meipian.cn/4l2yo7ue" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px;">日本联合舰队司令官伊东佑亨致北洋水师提督丁汝昌的劝降书——千古奇文值得深思 / The letter of surrender</a></p><p class="ql-block"><a href="https://www.meipian.cn/4kz5hbuv" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px;">1860年沙俄通过《北京条约》割占海参崴后,1918年北洋政府却曾出兵进驻海参崴意味着什么? / Vladivostok story</a></p><p class="ql-block"><a href="https://www.meipian.cn/4kt2cxax" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px;">列宁主动归还中国领土,但提出两个条件,北洋政府为何拒绝? / Lenin offered to return Chinese territory</a></p><p class="ql-block"><a href="https://www.meipian.cn/4krc3uhd" target="_blank" data-link="create" style="font-size: 18px; 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