常欢喜的美篇

常欢喜

2022.6.榆次老城之二：西园、县街、文庙及街景 一、榆次老城一市楼市楼位于城内两条大街的交汇处。市楼是老城内的一个标志性建筑物，是城内最高的建筑，离着它很远就能看到。市楼，座落在老城东西南北四街中心，也是榆次老城最高的建筑。在它正面的最高层上高挂着一块匾额--“天下第一楼”。走近市楼，发现它位于老城东南西北四条主街衢的交汇处，三层四重檐，十字歇山顶，装饰效果极为繁复，站在楼下仰望，犹如展翅的凤凰，雄伟壮观，气势非凡，在老城内，不要钱，整体上看上去古色古香的。榆次市楼比较有当地特色但是不能上去。 榆次市楼位于榆次老城的中心地带，保存的相当完好，号称之为天下第一楼。楼高约五层，四周都悬挂这各种牌扁，远观近看都很具有有观赏性。 二、900多年前，榆次老城县衙一侧筑起一座思凤楼。41年前，榆次人拓宽了榆次老城南边的南内环街，并改名“思凤街”。思凤楼是榆次老城县衙的标志性建筑。一座两层三重重檐的阁楼，飞檐腾空欲飞，远看恰似凤凰起舞。思凤楼上有一副楹联:民思善政凤有洒梧桐两朝百代一杆秤、官重廉明龙卧青云一楼千古两贤吏。联中说的“两贤吏”指的是荀藐和文彦博 公元275年到279年间，荀藐在榆次任县令。他为人正派，颇有韬略。在他治下，短短几年，榆次百姓安居乐业。荀藐以后700多年，公元1030年，介休人文彦博出任榆次县县令。他勤于公务，榆次政通人和，民泰物丰。后文彦博因仰慕荀藐政绩，在县衙侧修了思凤楼。后来，文彦博成为北宋名臣，出将入相长达50余年。2002年，榆次区政府修建“榆次老城”景区时，学校迁出老城，原址上重建了思凤楼还分别给荀藐和文彦博塑了像。 三、西花园因位于城隍庙西侧而得名。小巧玲珑，布局得体，东有厅堂、西有游廊、北有假山瀑布、其中还有造型奇特的多景楼和石舟坊亭榭结合，浑然一体。以巧妙的借景，高超的叠石，精美的理水，洗练的建筑，在北方园林中别具一格。 岂知桥Unknown BridgePont de Qizhi岂知桥小巧别致。传说，从前庄子和他的朋友站在桥上，庄子有感而发，说:“你看这个鱼儿多开心!”他的朋友便说，“你不是鱼儿你怎么知道鱼儿开心?”庄子思维极为敏捷的回答说“你又不是我，你怎么知道我不知呢?" 岂知桥Unknown Bridge is small but beauful.Legend has it that once upon a time, Chuang-tzu (a famous thinker, philosopher, writer, a representative of the Taoist school) together with his friends stood on the bridge, was moved by what he had seensaying:Howhappy the swimming fish!” however, his friend made a reply,“How do you know the fish is happy because you aren’t the fish?”Then Chuang-tzu answered it in a agile wayHow do you know thati don’t know the feeling of the fish because you are not me !” 四：榆次县衙榆次县衙占地面积21000平方米，是全国规模最大的县级衙署。中轴线从前到后六进六出，包括东西两侧共有二十六个院落，房屋四百余间。在县衙建筑群中，各单体建筑按功能和作用可以划分为行政管理、文化生活、神庙祭祀三个系统。 清康熙四一二年(1703)七月，康熙皇帝微服训晋时曾到访榆次县衙，知县祖良才取来闻名榆城的西瓜--三郝瓜”献给了康熙。康熙龙颜大悦，御笔亲书了一幅“剧暑悲难渡，晴秋喜却回"的楹联赐给祖良才。如今这幅楹联仍悬挂在县衙三堂，成为榆次县衙的“镇衙之宝”。 仪门即礼仪之门，取“有仪可象”之意，仪门到衙门之间的院落可看作是县衙中轴上的第一进院落。正中仪门通常是关着的，只有新官上任，重大庆典以及迎接重要官员时才打开，同时燃放礼炮表示隆重。仪门东西两侧各有一耳门，东门为人门:是衙署工作人员平时走的门。西门为死门:是押送犯人时走的门。That is to say, door of etiquette,the underlying message is“An look and manner make people awe and inspired.”The courtyard between Secondary Gate to an Official Residence and the Government Office can be regarded as the first courtyard on a central pivot of the county office. Secondary Gate to an official Residence in the middle is usually closed, as long as new officials took office, held major celebrations and met important officials, it could be open and let off fireworks to show ceremonious atmosphere.There is a door on the west and the east side of the secondary gate to an official residence respectively. The East gate is called “personal gate”which the officials in the county office went through as usual,the west gate is the death gate which officials escorted the prisoners goingthrough. 中国历史上的县衙规制，大多为四进三堂，而榆次县衙却建有六进五堂。这是因为太平兴国四年(979年)正月，宋太宗赵光义率军攻火北汉后，认为晋阳(今太原、出“真命天子”，有“王者之气”，于是将晋阳古城摧毁，并将州府迁到榆次，榆次县衙也升到州府衙门的规制被誉为“晋藩首辅” 中国文物界有一个说法:“朝堂看故宫，县衙看榆次"。始建于宋代的榆次县衙，占地一万多平方米，共建有五堂二十六个院落，房舍400余间。千百年来，榆次县衙经过多次修葺，集中国古典建筑艺术于一身，成为我国面积最大、保存最完整、级别最高的县级衙署。。 戒石坊Warning sorialArchway 戒石坊又称“圣谕戒石坊”是帝王对百官的警戒，是传统署衙中都设置的建筑。 二堂是审理民事纠纷案及知县议事的地方。内有两尊蜡像，展现了100多年前发生在这里的事情，一位是张之洞，一位是闫敬铭。光线绪八年，张之洞从解州请来了刚刚补授户部尚书的闫敬铭秉烛夜谈，清查款之事。 大堂Principal Hall in YamenHallun大堂又称“牧爱堂”，是整个县衙的核心建筑，也是县衙建筑群中形体规模最大的单体建筑。整体建筑群在高台之上，大堂一开五间，带三间抱厦，是县级地方官吏行使权利，处理政务的场所之一。作用有三，一是处理政务;二是礼仪庆典;三是公堂审案。Principal Hall in Yamen is also called“Muai Hall”,the core architecture of the whole county office as well as monomer building in the largest scale among the countyoffices.The whole buildings are at the top of the tower,there are five rooms in Principal Hall, with three rooms surrounding the hallit is one of the chief places for the local officials to execute their rights and do with the government affairsThere are three functions as followings such as handled state affairs, celebrating ceremonial rituals and holding courttrials. 大堂Principal Hall in YamenPrincipal Hall in Yamen is also called“Muai Hall”,the core architecture of the whole county office as well as monomer building in the largest scale among the countyoffices.The whole buildings are at the top of the tower,there are five rooms in Principal Hall, with three rooms surrounding the hallit is one of the chief places for the local officials to execute their rights and do with the government affairsThere are three functions as followings such as handled state affairs, celebrating ceremonial rituals and holding courttrials. 五榆次文庙：棂星门是文庙的大门，始建于宋真宋成平二年(公元999年)，坐落在1.3米高台上，面阔三楹，山琉璃瓦顶，棂星门里，是半月形水池叫泮池，上面的石桥叫做状元桥，在桥北是大成门，通过大成门就是大成殿，“大成”之名来源于唐开元二十七年，唐玄宗封文宣王诏书，大成殿外有28根蟠\气势磅礴。进入大殿，中央是儒教创始人孔子，两边是“四哲”和“十二贤人”。在大成殿后是明伦堂，明伦堂面阔五间，取意于《孟子》:“学则三代共，皆所以明人伦也”，现辟为孔子生平展。回到顶部相关阅读复制全文下载全文 　　旧时学宫孔庙的外门。原名灵星门。灵星即天田星。汉高祖命祭天先祀灵星，至宋仁宗天圣六年，筑郊台外垣，置灵星门，象天之体:旋又移用孔庙，盖以尊天者尊圣。后人以汉祀灵星祈谷，与孔庙无涉，又见门形如窗櫺，遂改为櫺星门。参阅清袁枚《随园随笔·星门.. 大成门Great Achievement G：大成门也叫戟门，是孔庙的正门，两旁为持敬门。封建时代只有官员可以由大成门出入，一般士子只能从旁门进出。两侧各有配房五间。东为名宦祠，西为乡贤祠，分别供奉了榆次的名人志士和名官名吏。Great Achievement Gate, also called the door of a noble family,is main gate of Confucian Temple, with respecting door on both sides.itis the officials that can go through the great gate while common people can only go through the side gate during feudal times, five extension to the house on both sides. Distinguished Official Ancestral Temple lies the east while County Sage Official Ancestral Temple lies the west, they worship celebrities and distinguished officials. 大成殿Great Achievement Palace大成殿是文庙的中心主体建筑，面阔九楹，进深五间，享有“九五之尊”的规格，周围共有28根蟠龙天柱，坐落在高高的月台之上。大殿内供奉有孔子神像、四哲与十二贤人。两侧墙壁并挂有二十四孝图和清朝历代皇帝所书牌匾。 大成殿Great Achievement PalaceGreat Achievement Palace is the main architecture of Confucian Temple,the transverse of the building is up to nine pillar wide,the five rooms deep,three pillars supporting the palaceenjoying the specification of“the Representative of the post ofemperor”,there are 28 pillars towering to the sky of dragons spiraling up,which were located on the steep platform,The statue of Confucius,four philosophers and twelve sages are worshiped inside the great hallthere are 24 pictures of filial piety plaques written by generations ofemperors ofQingDynasty(1639-1912)