【文学趣味问答•古典文学】“上三峡”“下江陵”

绮丽夕阳

<p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">安史之乱后期,李白因参与永王李璘东巡,受连累获罪,流放夜郎。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">逆长江而上,近一年方达宜昌,入三峡愁怨、孤寂填胸,写下这五言古诗《上三峡》。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">  </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> 《上三峡》 李白</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">“巫山夹青天,巴水流若兹。巴水忽可尽,青天无到时。”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">上阕写:巫山险峻,高耸入云,遮天蔽日;巴水湍急,曲转纡回,时隐时现,而头上狭长的蜀天悠悠不见头。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">“三朝上黄牛,三暮行太迟。三朝又三暮,不觉鬓成丝。”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">下阕写:逆水上峡舟行缓,朝看黄牛山,暮看黄牛如故,朝暮朝暮,三日未出黄牛峡,惆怅鬓染霜。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span></span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">前路渺茫,何日是归期 ?</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(22, 126, 251);"></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">贬途至白帝城,忽闻赦免令,拨云见日,惊喜若狂,次晨随即乘舟,东下江陵。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">归途中写下一首七绝快诗《下江陵》,即是那首脍炙人口的《朝发白帝城》。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> 《朝发白帝城》李白</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> 朝辞白帝彩云间,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> 千里江陵一日还。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> 两岸猿声啼不住,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> 轻舟已过万重山。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> 曙光初灿,诗人怀着兴奋,匆匆告别白帝城。彩虹为他送行,猿啼为他欢呼,轻舟如脱弦之箭,“一日”“千里”,快船快意,兴奋愉悦洋溢,精诗卓句千古流芳。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">同是三峡,同是李白,同一时段,入峡、出峡境遇不同,心情迥异。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">流放入峡,舟行艰难,诗人以五言古诗慢节奏,倾诉压抑愤懑之情,三日绕不出黄牛涧,愁白了头。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">忽闻获赦,一扫愁云喜若狂,山欢水笑彩云蹁跹,一叶轻舟下江陵。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">诗人以节奏明快的七绝快诗,轻松喜悦神采飞扬,潇洒超然的诗仙又回来了。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span></span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">“上”“下”两诗 ,写山、写水、写天,写云、写猿、写舟,诗人的反差心境未用一字,却溢于言表。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">“融情入景”堪为诗歌创作最高超的手笔。正如王国维先生所云:</span><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">“一切景语皆情语。”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);"></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">你能列举出几个“景语皆情语”的实例吗?</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span></span></p>