最高境界的香脂(二)莎士比亚的香脂草

Mingjing fu

有人做了统计,发现<font color="#167EFB">莎士比亚(1564-1616)作品里总共有21处出现了“Balm”、“Balsam”或“Balsamum”,几乎所有的中文版本都译成“香脂”、“香膏”或“膏油”。这种翻译值得商榷。</font><br><br>我查阅了某些西方植物学家的注解,发现<font color="#167EFB">至少两部作品里的“Balm”指的是伊丽莎白时期流行于英国花园里的甜香脂草(Sweet Balm,学名Melissa officinalis)。</font><br><br><br> (香脂草) <font color="#167EFB">香脂草</font>并非英国本土植物,它<font color="#167EFB">原产于地中海地区,外表酷似薄荷,茎杆呈四棱形并具分枝,极易形成丛生。</font>株高约1米左右,宽卵形叶片,边缘有细齿,叶脉明显,茎与叶密布细毛。每年7月至10月,白色的唇形花绕着叶腋盛开,叶片捣碎时散发出温润的芬芳。 <br><br>虽然北美的超市和苗圃里均有出售薄荷和香脂草,但香脂草远不如薄荷普及,两者的外表比较难区分。如果你到野外寻芳草,就会发现薄荷长在阴凉湿润的地方,而香脂草则出现在阳光明媚的田野和路边,喜欢肥沃多沙的土壤。 <br> 现将两处出现甜香脂草的戏剧段落翻译如下:<br><br><br><br>第一处:莎士比亚于1607年左右编写的悲剧《安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉》(Antony and Cleopatra ),第五幕第二场讲述了埃及艳后克莉奥佩特拉临死前的情形:<br><br>克莉奥佩特拉:<br>“把我的长袍给我,替我戴上王冠。我心里多么希望永生,埃及葡萄的芳酿从此再也不能濡湿我的嘴唇。快点,快点,好伊拉丝;快点。我好像听见安东尼在呼唤我;我看见他醒过来,夸奖我的崇高的举动;我听见他在嘲笑凯撒的幸运,那幸运是众神赐予人类用来平息他们随后的愤怒的。- 我的夫,我来了。现在让我的勇气来证明我是当之无愧的妻!我是火,我是风;我把身上的其他元素都留给了污浊的尘世。— 那么,你们好了吗?那就来吧,从我的嘴唇上汲取最后的温暖。再会,善良的查米恩、伊拉丝,永别了!(吻查米恩、伊拉丝,伊拉丝倒地死)我的嘴唇上有小蝮蛇的毒液吗?你倒下了吗?如果你和生命能够如此温和地分离,那么死神的一击就像情人的手指一拧,虽然疼痛,内心却是渴望的。你还躺着不动了吗?如果你就这样离去,你分明在告诉这个世界,死生之际,连告别都是多余的。”<br>(CLEOPATRA<br>Give me my robe. Put on my crown. I have<br>Immortal longings in me. Now no more<br>The juice of Egypt’s grape shall moist this lip.)<br><br>(CHARMIAN and IRAS begin to dress her.)<br><br>Yare, yare, good Iras, quick. Methinks I hear<br>Antony call. I see him rouse himself<br>To praise my noble act. I hear him mock<br>The luck of Caesar, which the gods give men<br>To excuse their after wrath.—Husband, I come!<br>Now to that name my courage prove my title!<br>I am fire and air, my other elements<br>I give to baser life.—So, have you done?<br>Come then and take the last warmth of my lips.<br>Farewell, kind Charmian. Iras, long farewell.)<br><br>(She kisses them. IRAS falls and dies)<br><br>Have I the aspic in my lips? Dost fall?<br>If thou and nature can so gently part,<br>The stroke of death is as a lover’s pinch,<br>Which hurts, and is desired. Dost thou lie still?<br>If thus thou vanishest, thou tell’st the world<br>It is not worth leave-taking.)<br> 查米恩:<br>“溶解吧,厚厚的云,化成雨滴;这样我就可以说,众神也在哭泣!”<br>(CHARMIAN<br>Dissolve, thick cloud, and rain, that I may say<br>The gods themselves do weep!)<br><br>克莉奥佩特拉:<br>“这证明了我的卑微。如果她先遇见了卷发的安东尼,他一定会首先要她,给她一个原本属于我的幸福的吻。— 来,你这致命的混蛋。(她将小蝮蛇置于胸前)用你的利齿立刻咬断这个生命之结吧,可怜的毒蠢货,张开你的怒口,赶快咬。哦,要是你能说话,我会听到你唤那伟大的凯撒为一头无权谋的蠢驴。”<br>(CLEOPATRA<br>This proves me base.<br>If she first meet the curlèd Antony, <br>He’ll make demand of her and spend that kiss<br>Which is my heaven to have. —Come, thou mortal wretch,)<br><br>(She places an asp on her breast)<br><br>With thy sharp teeth this knot intrinsicate<br>Of life at once untie. Poor venomous fool<br>Be angry and dispatch. Oh, couldst thou speak,<br>That I might hear thee call great Caesar ass<br>Unpolicied!)<br><br><br>查米恩:<br>“东方的星星啊!”<br>(CHARMIAN<br> O eastern star!)<br><br>克莉奥佩特拉:<br>“安静,安静!你没有见到我的婴孩在我的胸前吮吸乳汁,使我安然入睡吗?”(CLEOPATRA<br>Peace, peace!<br>Dost thou not see my baby at my breast,<br>That sucks the nurse asleep?)<br><br><br> 查米恩:<br>“哦,我的心碎了!哦,我的心碎了!”<br>(CHARMIAN<br> Oh, break! Oh, break!)<br><br>克莉奥佩特拉:<br>“<font color="#167EFB">甜蜜如香脂草</font>,轻柔如风,温顺如 — 哦,安东尼! —— 不,我也要带上你。(把另一只小蝮蛇置臂上)我为什么要留下呢 — (死。)<br>(CLEOPATRA<br><font color="#167EFB">As sweet as balm, </font>as soft as air, as gentle—<br>O Antony!—Nay, I will take thee too.)<br><br>(Applying another asp to her arm)<br><br>What should I stay—)<br>(Dies)<br> 第二处:《温莎的风流妇人》(The Merry Wives of Windsor)第五幕第五场,好色的胖骑士福斯塔夫(Falstaff)头戴两支鹿角,来到公园等候与风流娘子幽会。以安.佩奇(Anne Page)为中心的众儿童扮成神仙和精灵,趁机将胖骑士围住,对他又捏又掐大肆戏弄。<br><br>佩奇夫人:<br>“快逃!快逃!”(二人奔下。)<br>(MRS. PAGE. <br>Away, away!)<br>[They run off.]<br><br>福斯塔夫:<br>“我想魔鬼不会让我下地狱的,他唯恐我身上的油会在地狱里引起一场大火。他永远不会这样戏弄我。”<br> (FALSTAFF. <br>I think the devil will not have me damned, lest the <br>oil that's in me should set hell on fire; he would never else <br>cross me thus.)<br> (休·爱文斯爵扮成山羊神萨提尔,毕斯托尔扮成小妖,安.佩奇扮成小精灵王后,她的兄弟及若干儿童扮成小精灵侍从,头插小蜡烛,同上。)<br>[Enter SIR HUGH EVANS like a Satyr, PISTOL as a Hobgoblin, ANNE <br>PAGE as the Fairy Queen, attended by her Brothers and Others, <br>as fairies, with waxen tapers on their heads.]<br><br>安:<br>“黑的,灰的,绿的和白的精灵们,<br>你们是月光下的狂欢者,黑夜里的阴影,<br>你们是既定命运的孤儿孤女,<br>请竭尽所能各司其职。<br>传令的小妖,让精灵们肃静。”<br>(ANNE. <br>Fairies, black, grey, green, and white, <br>You moonshine revellers, and shades of night, <br>You orphan heirs of fixed destiny, <br>Attend your office and your quality. <br>Crier Hobgoblin, make the fairy oyes.)<br> <br>毕斯托尔:<br>“小妖们,报上大名。安静,你们这些捣蛋鬼!<br>蟋蟀儿,你跳进温莎各家的烟囱,<br>发现哪家的火灰没有耙尽,炉床没有打扫,<br>就把那家的女佣拧得全身像蓝莓一样青紫,<br>我们光彩照人的仙后最恨懒妇和邋遢事。”<br>(PISTOL. <br>Elves, list your names: silence, you airy toys! <br>Cricket, to Windsor chimneys shalt thou leap: <br>Where fires thou find'st unrak'd, and hearths unswept, <br>There pinch the maids as blue as bilberry: <br>Our radiant Queen hates sluts and sluttery.)<br> <br><br> 福斯塔夫:<br>“他们是小精灵,谁和他们说话,谁就会没命。我要闭上眼睛趴下,凡人不窥看神仙们的事情。”(俯伏在地)(FALSTAFF. <br>They are fairies; he that speaks to them shall die: <br>I'll wink and couch: no man their works must eye. )<br><br>[Lies down upon his face.]<br><br>爱文斯:<br>“比德在哪里?你去看看谁家的姑娘<br>临睡前念了三遍的祈祷,<br>你就给她妄想的器官套上缰绳,<br>让她像粗心的婴儿那般熟睡。<br>对那些临睡前不思量自己的罪过的人,<br>你要拧得他们手脚发麻,腰背酸疼。”<br>(EVANS. <br>Where's Bede? Go you, and where you find a maid <br>That, ere she sleep, has thrice her prayers said, <br>Rein up the organs of her fantasy, <br>Sleep she as sound as careless infancy; <br>But those as sleep and think not on their sins, <br>Pinch them, arms, legs, backs, shoulders, sides, and shins.)<br><br>安:<br>“快去,快去,<br>小妖们,从内到外搜索温莎的古堡。<br>小精怪们,给每个神圣的房间撒上幸运。<br>让它巍然耸立永不毁损,<br>宅基夯实结构坚固,<br>辉煌的建筑衬托着贤德的主人。<br>用<font color="#167EFB">香脂草</font>和各种奇花的汁液,<br>擦洗那几张尊严的宝座。<br>……”<br>(ANNE. <br>About, about! <br>Search Windsor castle, elves, within and out: <br>Strew good luck, ouphes, on every sacred room, <br>That it may stand till the perpetual doom, <br>In state as wholesome as in state 'tis fit, <br>Worthy the owner and the owner it. <br>The several chairs of order look you scour <br>With juice of <font color="#167EFB">balm</font> and every precious flower: )<br><br><br> 以上段落里的香脂草汁是用来清洁家具的。