CNS患者协同模式释放与拮抗松驰技术

物理治疗师

<p class="ql-block">作者:Sharon Giammatteo, PhD, PT</p><p class="ql-block">译者:廖麟荣博士,PT</p> <p class="ql-block">大家好,今天为大家介绍Strain-Counterstrain in Orthopaedic Manual Physical Therapy第1⃣️7⃣️期内容</p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="color: rgb(176, 79, 187); font-size: 22px;">神经肌肉障碍的拮抗松驰技术(STRAIN-COUNTERSTRAIN FOR NEUROMUSCULAR IMPAIRMENT)</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="color: rgb(22, 126, 251);">协同模式释放与拮抗松驰技术(Synergic Pattern Release
and Strain-Counterstrain)</b></p> <p class="ql-block">虽然Jones最初并没有打算应用SCS技术治疗神经系统疾病患者的障碍,但在Jones的支持下,本章的作者已经成功地将这些概念和技术应用于这一患者人群(Although not originally intended by Jones to address impair- ment in individuals with neurological conditions, the author of this chapter, with Jones’s blessing, has successfully applied these concepts and techniques to this population.)。每一个个体都被认为拥有所谓的协同模式印记(synergic pattern imprint)。我们需要思考一个人在脑血管意外(cerebrovascular accident, CVA)后偏瘫的姿势情况。在CVA之后,通常会有一段时间处于低张力(hypotonia),或软瘫(flaccidity)状态,不能很好地维持姿势。但是CVA患者在发病的前几周内,软瘫往往会转变为痉挛期(spasticity)。高张力或肌肉痉挛(muscle spasm)的增加,通常以一种非常典型的模式出现,这种模式在临床上被称为协同模式(synergic pattern)。</p> <p class="ql-block">最典型的<span style="font-size: 18px;">上肢协同模式</span>包括抬高和前伸肩胛骨,屈曲、内收和内旋盂肱关节,屈曲肘关节、旋前前臂、屈曲和尺侧偏腕关节、手指屈曲、拇指屈曲和内收。SCS技术影响骨骼<span style="font-size: 18px;">肌肉</span>(如冈上肌肌腱病)以及神经系统疾病(如CVA)的机制尚不清楚(The mechanisms by which SCS is able to impact both musculoskeletal, as in the case of supraspinatus tendonitis, as well as neurological condi- tions, such as in the case of a CVA, are not well understood.)。本文作者考虑关囊内的情况可视为协同模式的根源(This author considers whether the internal capsule could be the home of the synergic pattern imprint)。作者还假设外侧网状结构可能是α神经系统促进的部位,内侧网状结构可能是γ神经系统抑制的部位(This author also hypothesizes whether the lateral reticular formation could be the site of alpha nervous system facilitation and whether the medial reticular formation could be the site of gamma nervous system inhibition.)。进一步的考虑,包括脊髓中角、前角和后角之间的横截面解剖中的内筋膜神经元是否能够协调,似乎SCS技术会影响α和γ的活动(Further consideration includes whether or not the internuncial neurons in the intermediate horn of the spinal cord, between the anterior horn and the posterior horn in cross-sectional anatomy, could coordinate the alpha and gamma activity that seems to be affected by SCS.)。</p> <p class="ql-block">目前很难从最好的证据中,很难确定SCS技术是否在脊髓水平产生影响,或者其影响是否包含在自主(voluntary)和自主神经系统(autonomic nervous system)。也许SCS技术如此有效的原因,可能是在于大多数患者都有一定程度的肌肉保护性痉挛,并且在疼痛的存在下,开始表现出一定程度的协同模式反应(Perhaps the reason why SCS is so effective is due to the fact that a majority of individuals have some degree of protective muscle spasm and in the presence of pain begin to display some degree of synergic pattern response.)。无论其机制如何,SCS技术似乎既可以影响骨骼肌肉起点的保护性肌肉痉挛,还可以影响痉挛的协同模式(Regardless of the mechanism, SCS seems to affect both the protective muscle spasm of musculoskeletal origin, as well as the synergic pattern of spasm and spasticity.)。</p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="color: rgb(176, 79, 187); font-size: 22px;">我的思考:</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">1.神经系统疾病的患者,肌肉后续会继发产生一系列的变化,包括肌肉纤维的数量、肌肉的类型的变化、神经元募集的比率、神经传导的速度,而且肌腱会容易出现挛缩,肌筋膜的功能也会受影响,从而导致运动模式的异常和一系列的运动功能的障碍。所以,这些患者可能会更容易出现压痛点或者激痛点,故在合适的时候,应用这个SCS技术方法,还是可能会有效的。Who knows?</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">2.科学在发展,理念在更新,有时候与我们的认知水平有关。SCS技术来源于临床和研究,该技术对于中枢神经系统疾病是否有效,还有待大家更多的临床实践。毕竟实践才能出真知。</p> <p class="ql-block">下一期预告:</p><p class="ql-block">协同模式印记与协同模式释放:一种用SCS治疗保护性肌肉痉挛的模型</p> <p class="ql-block">版权所有:北京科学技术出版社</p><p class="ql-block">本文的内容来源于《骨科手法物理治疗》(Orthopaedic Manual Physical Therapy),这本经典的专著(近1000页)已经由北京科学技术出版社引进,李长江老师领衔翻译。</p>