<p>必修一Unit 1：名词 / 形容词 / 副词短语</p><p>一、理解概念</p><p>短语或词组(Phrases)是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。</p><p>二、语法规则</p><p>1．名词短语</p><p>(1)名词短语的构成及功能</p><p>名词短语由“限定词＋形容词/形容词短语/描述性名词＋名词＋介词短语”构成，在句中当作名词用，可作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。</p><p>The English teacher in red will go abroad next year.</p><p>这位穿红衣服的英语老师明年将出国。(作主语)</p><p>I want to take part in some interesting school clubs.</p><p>我想参加一些有趣的学校社团。(作宾语)</p><p>He is the most handsome boy in the class.</p><p>他是班里最帅的男孩。(作表语)</p><p>We consider Yao Ming the most famous basketball player in China.</p><p>我们认为姚明是中国最著名的篮球运动员。(作宾语补足语)</p><p>(2)名词的修饰语与名词的位置关系</p><p>①名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系：一是放在被修饰名词的前面，叫作前置定语或定语；二是放在被修饰名词的后面，叫作后置定语。</p><p>②在英语里，修饰名词的定语，其语序的位置是极有规律的，下面是一个“黄金公式”，称为“左二右六”规律：</p><p>限定词(冠词/指示代词/物主代词/不定代词)＋形容词/形容词性短语/描述性名词＋中心名词＋六类后置定语(介词短语/分词短语/不定式短语/形容词短语/定语从句/同位语从句)</p><p>The boy is my brother.</p><p>冠词＋中心名词</p><p>The cute boy is my brother.</p><p>冠词＋形容词＋中心名词</p><p>The cute boy in blue jeans is my brother.</p><p>冠词＋形容词＋中心名词＋介词短语</p><p>The cute boy wearing blue jeans is my brother.</p><p>冠词＋形容词＋中心名词＋现在分词短语</p><p>The cute boy who is wearing blue jeans is my brother.</p><p>冠词＋形容词＋中心名词＋定语从句</p><p>2．形容词短语</p><p>(1)形容词短语的构成及功能</p><p>形容词短语由“副词＋形容词＋介词短语”构成，在句中当作形容词用，可以修饰名词或代词作定语，还可以用作表语或宾语补足语。</p><p>He was one of the most influential performers of modern jazz.</p><p>他是现代爵士乐最有影响力的表演者之一。(作定语)</p><p>His hard work made him very successful in his job.</p><p>他的勤奋工作使得他在工作上非常成功。(作宾语补足语)</p><p>(2)形容词(短语)作状语</p><p>形容词(短语)作状语时， 通常说明主语的情况， 即表示主语的状态、性质、特征等， 有时它和宾语的关系密切， 且可位于句首、句末和句子中间， 通常和句子的其他部分用逗号分开。</p><p>Afraid of difficulty, he prefers to do the easy maths problem.他害怕困难，宁愿做容易的数学题。</p><p>3．副词短语</p><p>副词短语的构成及功能</p><p>副词短语由“副词＋副词”构成，在句中当作副词用，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词，作状语。</p><p>I can't catch up with him. He runs very fast.</p><p>我追不上他，他跑得非常快。(修饰动词)</p><p>The was far too small for him to get through.</p><p>窗户对他来说实在太小，他钻不过去。(修饰形容词)</p><p>We must work much more carefully than we did before.我们必须比从前更谨慎地工作。(修饰副词)</p><p>Ⅰ. 写出下列加黑短语的构成形式及在句中所作成分</p><p>1. The tallest boy in our class is Li Lei．</p><p>2. She studies English very hard．</p><p>3. Tom carefully wrote some letters to his friends．</p><p>4. I’d like to go to coffee shop this weekend．</p><p>5. Surprisingly enough, he refused our offer．</p><p>Ⅱ. 用所给词的适当形式填空</p><p>1. I suggest that you think about it very ______(careful)．</p><p>2. Mary and Jane are quite ______ (difference)．</p><p>3. He spoke too______ (quick) for me to understand．</p><p>4. It really works very ______ (good)．</p><p>5. They got home at last, ______ (tire) and hungry．</p><p>Ⅲ. 根据汉语提示对句子进行提升</p><p>1. There are some roses.</p><p>→There are _______________．</p><p>在那张小桌上有一些红玫瑰。</p><p>2. Look at the bird.</p><p>→Look at _______________．</p><p>看树上的那只漂亮的小鸟。</p><p>3. It's raining.</p><p>→It's raining _______________．</p><p>雨下得很大。</p><p>4. My words made him happy.</p><p>→My words made him _______________．</p><p>我的话让他高兴得像个孩子。</p><p>5. 我们将努力使我们的国家更美丽。</p><p> →We will try to make our country _______________．</p><p>参考答案</p><p>Ⅰ. 1. 限定词＋形容词＋名词；作主语</p><p> 2. 副词＋副词；作状语</p><p> 3. 形容词＋名词；作宾语</p><p> 4. 名词＋名词；作宾语</p><p> 5. 副词＋副词；作状语</p><p>Ⅱ. 1.carefully</p><p> 2. different</p><p> 3. quickly</p><p> 4. well</p><p> 5. tired</p><p>Ⅲ. 1. some red roses on that small table</p><p> 2. the beautiful bird in the tree</p><p> 3. very heavily</p><p> 4. happy like a child</p><p> 5. more beautiful</p>