<br></br></h3></br><h3><strong>基础知识</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>1.字母</strong>:26个字母的大小写</h3></br><h3>A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z</h3></br><h3>a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z</h3></br><h3><strong>2.语音</strong>:元音的发音</h3></br><h3>五个元音字母:AEIOU</h3></br><h3>12个单元音: </h3></br><h3>前元音:[i:] [ɪ] /e/ [æ]</h3></br><h3>中元音:[ɜ:] [ə]</h3></br><h3>后元音:[ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [u :] [ʊ] [ʌ] </h3></br><h3>双元音(8个)</h3></br><h3>合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi]</h3></br><h3>集中双元音(3个) [iə][εə][uə] <br></br><strong> <br></br>3.词汇</strong>:词汇量,近反义词</h3></br><h3><strong>4.句子</strong>:大小写,标点符号</h3></br><h3><strong>语法知识</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>(一)名词单复数</strong></h3></br><h3>一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds</h3></br><h3>以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches</h3></br><h3>以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries</h3></br><h3>以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives</h3></br><h3>不规则名词复数:</h3></br><h3>man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice</h3></br><h3>child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese</h3></br><h3>不可数名词的复数就是原型:paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea</h3></br><h3><strong>(二)名词的格</strong><br></br></h3></br><h3>有生命的东西的名词所有格:</h3></br><h3>a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt</h3></br><h3>b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags</h3></br><h3>c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes</h3></br><h3>并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:</h3></br><h3>Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车</h3></br><h3>要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s</h3></br><h3>Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车</h3></br><h3><strong>(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系</strong>:如:</h3></br><h3>a picture of the classroom a map of China</h3></br><h3><strong>二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>(1)不定冠词</strong>:a / an a unit / an uncle</h3></br><h3>元音开头的可数名词前用an :</h3></br><h3>an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /</h3></br><h3><strong>(2)定冠词:</strong>the the egg the plane</h3></br><h3><strong>2. 用法:</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>定冠词的用法:</strong></h3></br><h3>特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.</h3></br><h3>复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.</h3></br><h3>谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.</h3></br><h3>在序数词前:John’s birthday is February the second.</h3></br><h3>用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening</h3></br><h3><strong>不用冠词的情况:</strong></h3></br><h3>专有名词前:China is a big country.</h3></br><h3>名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:</h3></br><h3>This is my baseball.</h3></br><h3>复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.</h3></br><h3>在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.</h3></br><h3>一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.</h3></br><h3>球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.</h3></br><h3><strong>* 但乐器前要用定冠词</strong>:I play the guitar very well.</h3></br><h3>学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.</h3></br><h3>在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.</h3></br><h3>固定词组中:at noon at night by bus</h3></br><h3><strong>三、代词、形容词、副词</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>代词:人称代词,物主代词</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>人称代词物主代词</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>主格宾格</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>第一</strong></h3></br><h3>人称单数I(我)memy(我的)</h3></br><h3>复数we(我们)usour(我们的)</h3></br><h3><strong>第二</strong></h3></br><h3>人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)</h3></br><h3>复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)</h3></br><h3><strong>第三</strong></h3></br><h3>人称单数he(他)himhis(他的)</h3></br><h3>she(她)herher(她的)</h3></br><h3>it(它)itits(它的)</h3></br><h3>复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)</h3></br><h3><strong>形容词,副词:比较级,最高级</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>(一)、形容词的比较级</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:</strong>两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。</h3></br><h3><strong>2.形容词加er的规则:</strong></h3></br><h3>一般在词尾加er ;</h3></br><h3>以字母e 结尾,加r ;</h3></br><h3>以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;</h3></br><h3>以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。</h3></br><h3><strong>3.不规则形容词比较级:</strong></h3></br><h3>good-better, beautiful-more beautiful</h3></br><h3><strong>(二)副词的比较级</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>1.形容词与副词的区别</strong>(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)</h3></br><h3>⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后</h3></br><h3>⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后</h3></br><h3><strong>2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同</strong>(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)</h3></br><h3><strong>四、数词:基数词、序数词</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>(1)1-20</strong></h3></br><h3>one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty</h3></br><h3><strong>(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。</strong></h3></br><h3>23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one</h3></br><h3><strong>(3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;</strong></h3></br><h3>586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three</h3></br><h3><strong>(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion</strong></h3></br><h3>1,001→one thousand and one</h3></br><h3>18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three</h3></br><h3>6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine</h3></br><h3>750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion</h3></br><h3><strong>序数词</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>(1)一般在基数词后加th</strong></h3></br><h3>eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth</h3></br><h3><strong>(2)不规则变化</strong></h3></br><h3>one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth</h3></br><h3><strong>(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th</strong></h3></br><h3>twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth</h3></br><h3><strong>(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。</strong></h3></br><h3>twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth</h3></br><h3><strong>基数词转为序数词的口诀:</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>五、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。</strong></h3></br><h3>at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)</h3></br><h3><strong>2.on</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>1)表示具体日期。</strong></h3></br><h3>注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法:</h3></br><h3>at(on)the weekend在周末---特指</h3></br><h3>at(on)weekends在周末---泛指</h3></br><h3>over the weekend在整个周末</h3></br><h3>during the weekend在周末期间</h3></br><h3>(2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas?</h3></br><h3><strong>2)在(刚……)的时候。</strong></h3></br><h3>On reaching the city he called up his parents.</h3></br><h3>一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。</h3></br><h3><strong>3.in</strong></h3></br><h3>1)表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)</h3></br><h3><strong>六、动词:动词的四种时态:</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>(1)一般现在时:</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>一般现在时的构成</strong></h3></br><h3>1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。</h3></br><h3>2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English. 我们学习英语。</h3></br><h3>当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。</h3></br><h3><strong>动词+s的变化规则</strong></h3></br><h3>1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks</h3></br><h3>2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes</h3></br><h3>3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies</h3></br><h3><strong>(2)一般过去时:</strong></h3></br><h3>动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:</h3></br><h3><strong>A、规则动词</strong></h3></br><h3>① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited</h3></br><h3>② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used</h3></br><h3>③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)</h3></br><h3>④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped</h3></br><h3><strong>B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:</strong></h3></br><h3>sing – sang , eat – ate ,</h3></br><h3>see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,</h3></br><h3>are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt</h3></br><h3><strong>(3)一般将来时:</strong></h3></br><h3>基本结构:</h3></br><h3>①be going to + do;</h3></br><h3>②will+ do. be going to = will</h3></br><h3>I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.</h3></br><h3><strong>(4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词</strong></h3></br><h3>动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:</h3></br><h3>① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating</h3></br><h3>② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing</h3></br><h3>③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting</h3></br><h3><strong>句法</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>1.陈述句</strong><br></br></h3></br><h3><strong>(1)肯定句:</strong>是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:</h3></br><h3>I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.</h3></br><h3>There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.</h3></br><h3><strong>(2)、否定句:</strong>含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:</h3></br><h3>I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.</h3></br><h3>He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.</h3></br><h3>He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.</h3></br><h3><strong>2. 疑问句</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>一般疑问句:</strong>是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。</h3></br><h3><strong>特殊疑问句:</strong>以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。</h3></br><h3><strong>3.There be句型</strong></h3></br><h3><strong>There be 句型与have, has的区别</strong></h3></br><h3>1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)</h3></br><h3>2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。</h3></br><h3>3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。</h3></br><h3>4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。</h3></br><h3>5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。</h3></br><h3>6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。</h3></br><h3>7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:</h3></br><h3>How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?</h3></br><h3>How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?</h3></br><h3>8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:</h3></br><h3>What’s + 介词短语?</h3></br><strong data-darkmode-bgcolor="rgb(36, 36, 36)">- END -</strong>文章整理来源:教育大讲堂<br></br><h3><strong>扫码</strong></h3></br><h3>关注我们获取</h3></br><h3>更多学习资源</h3></br><h3>