何时启动药物治疗?

和兴彩

<p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">什么时候启动药物治疗,是一个很多人都关心的问题,今天统一帮大家解答一下。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">指标异常了就需要用药治疗吗?</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">不一定。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">指标高了会危害身体;但如果只是轻度升高,危害是比较小的,如果指标轻度异常就用药的话,反而药物的副作用,会比轻度升高的指标的危害还要稍大一点。获益小于风险,用药得不偿失。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: start; line-height: 1.6; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">病常见的相关指标:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: start; line-height: 1.6; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">尿蛋白+四高</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">慢性肾脏病最普遍的表现是尿蛋白升高。此外,大家还知道“三高”:高血糖、高血压、高血脂。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">而在肾病领域有“四高”的说法,就是在三高的基础上再加上一个“高尿酸”,四高会诱发或加重肾脏病。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">所以我们今天介绍一下:四高+尿蛋白,这5个指标高到什么程度就需要用药治疗?</span></h3><h1 style="margin-top: 36px; margin-bottom: 22px; font-weight: 700; font-size: 24px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; line-height: 32px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一、尿蛋白</span></h1><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">关键数值:0.5g。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: start; line-height: 1.6; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">康人的尿液中会有少量的尿蛋白。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: start; line-height: 1.6; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">我们发现,24小时尿蛋白定量0.15g以上的人,往往是肾脏异常导致的,所以将尿蛋白的高限定为0.15g。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">我们还发现,如果尿蛋白没有超过0.5g,那么对肾脏的影响很小,这样的轻度蛋白尿,基本不会引起肾功能衰竭。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">所以,一般24小时尿蛋白定量超过0.5g的患者才需要用药治疗。0.5g也是原发性肾病临床治愈的标准(如果能降到0.3g以内是最好的)。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">要注意的是,如果是继发性肾病,比如糖尿病肾病、高血压肾病、狼疮性肾病等,导致肾损害的最大原因不是蛋白尿。在蛋白尿很少时,血糖、血压和狼疮就已经对肾脏造成了巨大威胁,需要积极治疗原发病来避免肾功能受损。</span></h3><h1 style="margin-top: 36px; margin-bottom: 22px; font-weight: 700; font-size: 24px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; line-height: 32px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">二、血尿酸</span></h1><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">关键数值:540μmol/L。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">酸轻度升高无需服用降尿酸药,主要手段是饮食控制,低嘌呤饮食+大量喝水可以降低血尿酸70-90μmol/L。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">但如果尿酸较高,或是危害较大,则需要降尿酸药物治疗,包括3种情况:</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1、如果通过饮食控制,血尿酸仍然居高不下;</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2、尿酸超过540μmol/L,这个程度的血尿酸单纯饮食控制难以起到很好的效果,需要在药物的帮助下降尿酸;</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3、高尿酸同时伴有家族遗传、或已经伴有痛风等相关疾病的人。</span></h3><h1 style="margin-top: 36px; margin-bottom: 22px; font-weight: 700; font-size: 24px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; line-height: 32px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">三、血压</span></h1><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">关键数值:150mmHg。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">果收缩压(高压)达到了150mmHg,则需要用降压药。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如果不伴有其它疾病、仅有高血压,血压目标值是降至140/90 mmHg以下。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如果伴有糖尿病或心、脑、肾疾病,应将血压降至130/80 mmHg以下。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">另外,收缩压刚到150mmHg的患者,如果是肥胖引起的高血压,而心脑肾都没什么问题,则不用急着吃药,可以先拿出两三个月的时间去减体重,血压可能会降到140/90 mmHg以下;如果已经患有肾病、糖尿病、冠心病或脑血管病,那就需要马上吃药了。</span></h3><h1 style="margin-top: 36px; margin-bottom: 22px; font-weight: 700; font-size: 24px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; line-height: 32px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">四、血糖</span></h1><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">血糖高,可能是糖尿病(多数要用药),也可能是还没发展到糖尿病的糖尿病前期(无需用药)。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">先要看,是否是糖尿病?</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.糖尿病,需要两次空腹血糖高于7.0,或者餐后两小时血糖高于11.1,或者随机血糖高于11.1,才能确诊(一般同时伴有口干多饮、多食、多尿,以及消瘦乏力,即“三多一少”症状)。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.糖尿病前期,是空腹血糖高于6.1,或者餐后两小时血糖高于7.8,但是没有达到糖尿病的标准。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如果血糖轻度升高,就需要首先控制碳水化合物的摄入,也就是清淡饮食,多吃蔬菜;同时增加运动,促进体内热量的代谢和分解,有助于控制血糖。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如果在控制饮食与增加运动以后,血糖没有恢复到正常,就需要药物治疗。</span></h3><h1 style="margin-top: 36px; margin-bottom: 22px; font-weight: 700; font-size: 24px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; line-height: 32px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">五、血脂</span></h1><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">主要是甘油三酯和胆固醇。</span></h3><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">.甘油三酯</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">甘油三酯轻度增高的人,不要急着用药,要控制饮食、增加运动、减轻体重、少喝或者不喝酒,来降低甘油三酯水平。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如果甘油三酯严重升高,超过了5.6 mmol/L,应该尽快用药治疗(首选非诺贝特),否则很容易发生急性胰腺炎(重症病死率高)。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.胆固醇</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,是血脂检验中最重要的一项指标,是对心血管危害最大的一种血脂。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如果你已经确诊冠心病或是脑梗,即使化验单显示胆固醇没超标,也应该马上吃药,把低密度脂蛋白胆固醇降到1.8 mmol/L以下;如果没有冠心病、脑血管病、肾病、糖尿病、高血压等,并且不吸烟、不肥胖,那就不需要吃药。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如果是没有伴随疾病的健康人,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇超过4.9 mmol/L,或是总胆固醇超过7.2 mmol/L,也属于高危人群,应该马上用药降低胆固醇。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">基础疾病不同的人,胆固醇的数值意义差别很大。所以它的数值是次要的,更重要的是看患者伴有什么疾病。虽然化验单上标注着参考值,不同医院可能是3.4 mmol/L、4.1 mmol/L,4.53mmol/L,但这些参考值基本没有意义<span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 27.2px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 27.2px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">超标的人</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 27.2px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">不一定要吃药,要吃药的人</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 27.2px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">也不一定超标</span>。不要看着有向上的箭头就吃药,或是有向下的箭头就停药,服药或是停药一定要遵医嘱。</span></h3>