<p>八达岭长城，位于北京市延庆区军都山关沟古道北口。是中国古代伟大的防御工程万里长城的重要组成部分，是明长城的一个隘口。八达岭长城为居庸关的重要前哨，古称“居庸之险不在关而在八达岭”。明长城的八达岭段被称作“玉关天堑”，为明代居庸关八景之一。八达岭长城是明长城向游人开放最早的地段，八达岭景区以八达岭长城为主，兴建了八达岭饭店和由江泽民主席亲笔题名的中国长城博物馆等功能齐全的现代化旅游服务设施。</p><p>Badaling Great Wall is located at the north entrance of Jundushan Guangou ancient road, Yanqing District, Beijing. It is an important part of the Great Wall in ancient China and a pass of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty. Badaling Great Wall is an important outpost of Juyong Pass, which was called "the danger of Juyong is not in the pass but in Badaling". Badaling section of the great wall of Ming Dynasty is called "Yuguan natural moat", which is one of the eight sceneries of Juyongguan in Ming Dynasty. Badaling Great Wall is the first place to open to tourists in the Ming Dynasty. Badaling scenic area is dominated by Badaling Great Wall. It has built a full-featured modern tourism service facilities, such as Badaling Hotel and the Great Wall Museum of China, which was personally named by President Jiang Zemin.</p><p><br></p> <p>坎儿井是开发利用地下水的一种很古老式的水平集水建筑物，适用于山麓、冲积扇缘地带，主要是用于截取地下潜水来进行农田灌溉和居民用水。</p><p>坎儿井的结构，大体上是由竖井、地下渠道、地面渠道和“涝坝”（小型蓄水池）四部分组成，吐鲁番盆地北部的博格达山和西部 的喀拉乌成山，春夏时节有大量积雪和雨水流下山谷，潜入戈壁滩下。人们利用山的坡度，巧妙地创造了坎儿井，引地下潜流灌溉农田。坎儿井不因炎热、狂风而使水分大量蒸发，因而流量稳定，保证了自流灌溉。</p><p>Karez is a kind of very old horizontal water collection building for the development and utilization of groundwater, which is suitable for Piedmont and alluvial fan margin, mainly for intercepting groundwater for farmland irrigation and residential water.</p><p>The structure of Karez is generally composed of four parts: shaft, underground channel, surface channel and "Laoba" (small reservoir). Bogda mountain in the north of Turpan Basin and karawu mountain in the West. In spring and summer, there are a lot of snow and rainwater flowing down the valley and into the Gobi Desert. Using the slope of the mountain, people ingeniously created a Karez to lead underground undercurrent to irrigate farmland. Karez does not evaporate a lot of water due to the heat and strong wind, so the flow is stable and the self flow irrigation is ensured.</p><p><br></p> <p>很久很久以前，天和地还没有分开，宇宙混沌一片。有个叫盘古的巨人，在这混沌之中，一直睡了一万八千年。</p><p>有一天，盘古突然醒了。他见周围一片漆黑，就抡起大斧头，朝眼前的黑暗猛劈过去。只听一声巨响，混沌一片的东西渐渐分开了。轻而清的东西，缓缓上升，变成了天；重而浊的东西，慢慢下降，变成了地。</p><p>天和地分开以后，盘古怕它们还会合在一起，就头顶着天，用脚使劲蹬着地。天每天升高一丈，盘古也随着越长越高。这样不知过多少年，天和地逐渐成形了，盘古也累得倒了下去。</p><p>盘古倒下后，他的身体发生了巨大的变化。他呼出的气息，变成了四季的风和飘动的云；他发出的声音，化作了隆隆的雷声。他的双眼变成了太阳和月亮；他的四肢，变成了大地上的东、西、南、北四极；他的肌肤，变成了辽阔的大地，他的血液，变成了奔流不息的江河，他的汗，变成了滋润万物的雨露......</p><p>A long time ago, the sky and the earth were not separated, and the universe was chaotic. There is a giant named Pangu who has slept for 18000 years in this chaos.</p><p>One day, Pangu suddenly woke up. When he saw the darkness around him, he swung his axe and stormed towards the darkness in front of him. Only listen to a loud noise, chaotic things gradually separated. The light and clear things rise slowly and become the sky; the heavy and turbid things fall slowly and become the earth.</p><p>After the separation of heaven and earth, Pangu was afraid that they would be together, so he put his foot on the ground with his head on the sky. The sky rises one Zhang every day, and Pangu grows higher and higher. So I don't know how many years later, heaven and earth gradually took shape, and Pangu also fell down tired.</p><p>After Pangu fell, his body changed a lot. The breath he exhaled became the wind of the four seasons and the moving clouds; the sound he uttered became the rumbling thunder. His eyes became the sun and the moon; his limbs became the East, West, South and north poles of the earth; his skin became the vast earth, his blood became the running rivers, his sweat became the rain that moistens all things</p>