【清明节】FT-Vlearn1906期29号董家琪Domi2020.4.4

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👉🏽节气 | 清明 Qingming Festival

清明节的英文说法：The Qingming Festival。
也可以直译为“扫墓节”：Tomb Sweeping Day（此处注意tomb的b不发音）。
但是马来西亚社交媒体认为这样的翻译太刻板，于是专门设置话题讨论清明节的英文到底该怎么说？

然后很多外国友人给出了神答案：

My grandparents open house.（我爷爷奶奶开门迎客啦！）
Lunch with ancestors.（与祖先共进午餐）

虽然脑洞大开，但是真的很形象了~

👉🏽过清明节不能用Celebrate

Celebrate是庆祝，一般过清明节我们要用observe:
To observe Qingming Festival
To observe Tomb Sweeping Day
清明节做些什么？
Sweep the tomb: 扫墓
Visit the cemetery: 去墓园。在美国没有“扫”这个概念，所以直接用visit就可以了。

Graveyard VS. Cemetery
Graveyard：有点阴森的感觉，有点想恐怖片里的墓园
Cemetery：相对比较中性
不管去不去扫墓，重要的是要追思故人：
Pay respect to remember them

👉🏽如何表达“孝”的概念

英语中有一个词可以表示孝道：
Filial piety: 孝道
Pious: adj. 恭敬
但是其实并不常用，要表示“孝顺”，不如这么说：
Respect your parents: 尊敬父母
Honor your parents: 尊重父母，重视父母
Be big on family: 重视家庭
Family guys: 把家庭看得很重的人（一般指男性）

👉🏽去世不要随便用die

Die的意思没问题，不过太不婉转。用“去世”更加好：
Pass away: 去世，比die要得体
I lost someone...: 失去了某人
Someone is in a better place: 去了更好的地方
Rest in peace: 安息
失去很伤心，不过有时候换个角度，未尝不是生命的另一种形式：
A celebration of life: 生命的仪式

国外现在很多人不再称葬礼为funeral，而是a celebration of life，可能是另一种生命形式的开启吧。

👉🏽Tomb Sweeping Day

one of the Chinese Twenty-four Solar Terms
中国二十四节气之一
From that date temperatures begin to rise and rainfall increases
从这一天起，气温开始升高，降雨量开始增多
the crucial time for plowing and sowing in the spring
春耕春播的重要时节

👉🏽4.4日清明节全国哀悼日

数据显示，截至美国东部时间2日16时（北京时间3日4时），全球新冠肺炎确诊病例达1002159例，死亡病例为51485例。

为表达全国各族人民对抗击新冠肺炎疫情斗争牺牲烈士和逝世同胞的深切哀悼，国务院今天发布公告，决定2020年4月4日举行全国性哀悼活动。
China will hold a national mourning(哀悼) Saturday for martyrs(/ˈmɑːtə/烈士） who died in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak and compatriots(同胞) died of the disease, according to the State Council.

在此期间，全国和驻外使领馆下半旗志哀，全国停止公共娱乐活动。
During the commemoration, national flags will fly at half-mast across the country and in all Chinese embassies and consulates abroad, and public recreational activities will be suspended(暂停) across the country.

4月4日10时起，全国人民默哀3分钟，汽车、火车、舰船鸣笛，防空警报鸣响。
At 10:00 a.m. Saturday, Chinese people nationwide will observe three minutes of silence to mourn( /mɔːn/哀悼) for the diseased, while air raid sirens and horns of automobiles, trains and ships will wail in grief.

👉🏽扫墓 Tomb Sweeping

清明节的主要习俗是扫墓。在这一天，人们都会前往他们的家族墓地进行拜祭。他们会铲除墓地周围的杂草，擦拭墓碑，以及用鲜花装饰墓碑。然后，放置贡品和烧纸钱。
The major custom in Qingming Festival is tomb sweeping. On this day, people visit their family graves to remove any underbrush that has grown. They would uproot weeds near the gravesites, wipe the tombstones and decorate the tombstones with fresh flowers. And then they will set out offerings of food and paper money.

👉🏽春游、踏青 Spring Outing

又叫春游。古时叫探春、寻春等。三月清明，春回大地，自然界到处呈现一派生机勃勃的景象，正是郊游的大好时光。我国民间长期保持着清明踏青的习惯。
And that spring outing. That old TanChun,XunChun, etc. During march, spring warms the earth, nature become a vibrantpicture everywhere, it is the good old days for an outing. Our country folk tokeep for a long time the habit of clear outing.

👉🏽放风筝 Flying Kites

每逢清明时节，人们不仅白天放，夜间也放。夜里在风筝下或风稳拉线上挂上一串串彩色的小灯笼，象闪烁的明星，被称为“神灯”。清明节放风筝的特别之处，是当风筝被放飞到高空时，人们会将风筝线剪段，让它自由飞翔，据说这样可以带来好运和消除疾病。
Every qingming day, people not onlyBaiTianFang, also put on at night. The night wind or stability in kite hung astring of arrows color small lanterns, like the shining stars, called "theabsolute being light". What makes flying kites during this festival special is that people cut the string while the kite is in the sky to let it fly free. It is said that this brings good luck and that diseases can be eliminated by doing this.

👉🏽插柳 Planting Willow Trees

因为介子推死的时候抱着一棵柳树，所以柳树被认为拥有一种可以对抗邪恶的神奇力量。清明时节，人们会将柳枝挂在门前，或拿柳枝进行扫墓。
Because Jie Zitui died embracing a willow tree, the willow is believed to have miraculous powers against evil. During the Qingming Festival, willow branches are hung on door fronts and used to sweep the tombs.

👉🏽荡秋千 Swinging

明朝期间，荡秋千是清明节的一个指定的娱乐活动。根据明朝的史册记载，清明节也被称为秋千节。荡秋千不仅可以增进健康，而且可以培养勇敢精神，至今为人们特别是儿童所喜爱。
During the Ming Dynasty, swinging was a designated recreation on Tomb Sweeping Festival. According to the Annals of the Ming Court, this day was also called Swing Festival.Play not only improves the health swing, and can cultivate the brave spirit, tonow is people, especially children's favorite.

👉🏽玩蹴鞠 Playing Cuju

这是一项古老的中国足球运动。蹴的意思是踢，鞠是一种足球，里面充满了羽毛。蹴鞠是中国古代的一种体育运动，类似于足球。传说，蹴鞠是由黄帝(一个古老的中国民族)创造的。这是节日期间最喜欢的运动。
It is an ancient Chinese Football game. Cu means to kick and Ju is a kind of ball made of leather and filled with feathers. Cuju was an ancient Chinese sport, similar to soccer. Legend has it that Cuju was created by The Huangdi (an ancient Chinese race). It was a favorite sport during the festival.

清明节传统食物

👉🏽青团 Green rice ball

清明时节，江南一带有吃这种青团子的风俗习惯。青团是用一种名叫“雀麦草”的植物捣的汁添加糯米粉制成。
People in the Jiangnan region often eat this ki of green colored balls made from glutinous rice on Tomb Sweeping Day. The green color is from the juice of brome grass that is added in the rice.

👉🏽馓子 San zi

我国南北各地清明节有吃馓子的食俗。“馓子”为一油炸食品，香脆精美，古时叫“寒具”。
Eating Sanzi (or deep-fried dough twist)on Qingming Festival is a convention throughout China. Sanzi is a kind of fried food. People called it cold food in the old days。

👉🏽薄饼 Thin pancake

福建省厦门民谚有云“清明吃薄饼”。饼里通常会加上海苔、蛋卷、蔬菜、辣酱等让其口感更好。
People in Xiamen in Fujian province often have thin pancakes on Tomb Sweeping Day. Dried seaweed, omelette, veggies and chili sauce are added in the pancakes to enhance the flavor.

👉🏽芥菜饭 Steamed rice with leaf mustard

在福建省东部的许多地方，人们通常在清明节用芥菜蒸米饭，以预防疥疮和其他皮肤病。
In many places in eastern Fujian province, people often steamed rice with leaf mustard on Tomb Sweeping Day to prevent scabies and other skin diseases.

👉🏽死亡、纪念有关的外国诗歌

When I am dead, my dearest
Christina Rossetti When I am dead, my dearest,
Sing no sad songs for me;
Plant thou no roses at my head,
Nor shady cypress tree:
当我离开人间，最亲爱的，
别为我哀歌悲切；
我的墓前不要栽玫瑰，
也不要柏树茂密；

Be the green grass above me
With showers and dewdrops wet;
And if thou wilt, remember,
And if thouwilt, forget.
愿绿茵覆盖我的身躯，
沾着湿润的灵珠雨水；
假如你愿意，就把我怀念，
假如你愿意，就把我忘却。

I shall not see the shadows,
I shall not feel the rain;
I shall not hear the nightingale
Sing on, as if in pain:
我不会重见那荫影，
不会感觉雨天来临；
我不会听见夜莺
一声声仿佛哀鸣；

And dreaming through the twilight
That doth not rise nor set,
Haply I may remember,
And haply may forget.
我置身梦境，在朦胧的黎明，
它从不升起，也永不沉沦；
也许我会怀念，
也许我会忘却。