代词（Pronoun）

Sun

代词

代替

可数名词

复数

人称

修饰语

单数

名词

指代

宾格

代词是代替名词的词或者起名词作用的短语和句子的词。英语中代词有人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词。英语代词使用得很广泛。代词之间有两点共同之处：第一，它们本身的词义都很弱，必须从上下文来确定；第二，许多代词都有两种功能：一是可单独取代名词的位置，二是可起修饰的作用。初中阶段同学们学习的代词有以下几类：

接下来我们会根据进度进行复习和训练。

（一） 人称代词

人称代词表示"我""你""他""我们""你们""他们"的词叫人称代词。人称代词并不全指人，也指物。有三种人称，每个人称又分为单数和复数（第二人称单数和复数同形）。人称代词还有主格和宾格之分。它有人称、数和格的变化，其形式列表如下：

(1)第一人称单数I代表说话者，必须大写，"我"。

如：I go to school every day.我每天去上学。

（2）第一人称复数we代表说话者一方（二人或者二人以上）"我们"。

如： We are swimming now.我们现在正在游泳。

（3）第二人称单数、复数you代表听话者或者对方（复数you代表二人或二人以上）。

如：Are you ready, Sam? 萨姆，你准备好了吗？

（4）第三人称包括he、she、it. He "他" 代表已经提到过的男士。 She"她" 代表已经提到过的女士。It "它"代表已经提到过的事物。

如： He is the tallest in the class. 他在班里是最高的。

She has a little brother. 她有个小弟弟。

I have a handbag. It is black. 我有个手提包，它是黑色的。

（5）第三人称复数they "他们" 代表已经提到过的一些人或者一些事物，这个词没有性别之分。

如：Where are the teachers? They are over there. 老师们在哪里？他们在那边。

Where are the apples? They are in the drawer. 苹果在哪里？它们在抽屉里。

注：1）人称代词主格在句中主要做主语。

如：We went to the zoo yesterday.我昨天去动物园了。

2） 人称代词宾格在句中主要作宾语。

如： Can you help me? 你能帮我吗？

3）人称代词做表语时一般用宾格。

如：Who is that? It's me. 是谁呀？是我。

4)在比较状语从句中，在不引起误解的前提下，有时用宾格代词代替主格代词。

如：He is taller than me. 它比我高。

He loves you more than me. 她爱你胜过爱我。

5）两个以上的代名词并行排列时，其次序为：

a) 单数人称代词：you he I.

如：You, he and I are good friends. 你我他都是好朋友。

b) 复数人称代词为：we you they.

如：We and they went to the Great Wall yesterday. 我们和他们昨天都去长城了。

c) 第三人称He和 she 同时使用时，先说he,后说she.

如：He and she were late for school this morning.他和她今天早上都上学迟到了。

it，one,that在作代词时的区别：

1.it／one ／that三者均可用作代词, 指代前面提到的名词。一般说来, it指代同名同物; one与that则指代同名异物。

I have lost my umbrella; I'm looking for it. （该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella）

I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one. （one在该句中表泛指, 因为my umbrella已经丢了）

The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. （替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”, 以区别“the umbrella you bought”）

2. one与that虽可用来指代同名异物, 但one为泛指, 相当于a／an＋名词; that为特指, 相当于the ＋名词。所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 a／an ／some ／any; that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the ／this ／that。

A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. （该句中one可以换成a chair）

The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. （该句中that可以换成 the water）

3. one只能代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用ones; that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用 those。

I like this pen more than that one. （one代替可数名词单数pen）

There were a few young people and some older ones in the house. （ones代替可数名词复数people）

Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter. （that代替不可数名词 handwriting）

These pictures are more beautiful than those. （those代替可数名词复数 pictures）

4.one既可代替事物, 也可代替人, that只能代替事物而不能代替人。有时可以用the one或the ones代替that或those。

The one ／That on the table is mine. （该句中The one代替事物, 并且也可以用That）

He is the teacher, the one who is loved by the students. （该句中the one代替人, 不能用that）

He advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones ／those that had the best color. （该句中the ones代替事物, 并且也可以用those）

5.one一般有前置修饰语, 有时也可有后置修饰语或不用修饰语。而 that不能有前置修饰语, 但可有后置修饰语。

Cook was a strict but good captain, one who took good care of his sailors.

The water in the well is cleaner than that in the river.

6. it可以替代句中的不定式或从句等, 充当形式主语或形式宾语。one与that均无此用法。

It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month.

I found it hard to get on with her.

7. it与that均可以替代上文全句的内容或部分内容, 而one ／ones则不可以。

He has saved my life; I'll never forget it. （it代替第一分句）

Tom is painting his house. I am told he does it every four years. （it代替前面分句的部分内容painting his house）

Let's say we meet here at three o'clock. That ought to give you time to buy everything. （That代替前面表述的内容）

［相关练习］

1. Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _____ who had already taken them.

A. the ones B. ones

C. some D. the others

2. I find _____ easy enough to get on with Pam.

A. that B. this C. one D. it

3. If I can stop her coming to you, I shall do_____.

A. those B. which C. these D. it

4. I haven't a pen. Can you lend me_____?

A. these B. those C. them D. one

5. _____ is necessary that I get the text of my revision typed.

A. There B. This C. That D. It

6. I took _____ for granted that you would stay with us.

A. it B. that C. these D. them

7. Few pleasures can equal _____ of a cool drink on a hot day.

A. some B. any C. that D. those

8. Of all my old friends, the only _____ I saw much of was Betty.

A. it B. that C. one D. this

9. My uncle bought a new bike for _______

A. theirs B. they C. me D. I

10.--Here’s a postcard for you, Jim! — Oh, ________ is from my friend, Mary.

A. he B. it C. she D. it’s

每日一篇

期盼儿子的电话

　　Mrs Green lives in a small village. Her husband is dead(死).But she has a son.He is twenty-one and his name is Jack.He gets work in a town and lives there.Its name is Greensea.It is quite a long way from his mother's village，and she is not happy about this，but Jack says，"There isn't any good work for me in the village，mother，and I can get a lot of money in Greensea and give you some every week.

　　One day Mrs Green is very angry. She gets on a train and goes to her son's house in Greensea.Then she says to him，"Jack，why do you never give me a ring?

　　Jack laughs and says，"But，mother，you don't have a telephone.

　　"No，she says，"I don't have one， but you have one.

1.Where does Mrs Green live?

a.In a big city.

b.In a small village.

c.In a town with his son.

d.We don't know.

2.How old is Mrs Green's son?

a.Twelve.

b.Twenty.

c.Twenty-one.

d.Thirty-one.

3.Which of these is not wrong?

a.Greensea is the name of a factory.

b.Jack works in a town and his mother is happy about this.

c.In the village there is no good work for Jack.

d.He can get less money in the town than in the village.

4.How does the woman go to Greensea one day?

a.On a bike.

b.On foot.

c.By train.

d.By bus.

5.Why does Jack never telephone his mother?

a.Because he is too busy.

b.Because he lives far from his mother's village.

c.Because he doesn't have a telephone

d.Because his mother has no telephone