范仲淹与花洲书院

田园牧歌

<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><font face="宋体" size="3">早听说,来邓州不游花洲书院就是一种憾事。</font></span></h3><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><font face="宋体" size="3">吃罢早饭,我们驱车<span lang="EN-US">10</span>余分钟,就到了“邓州八景”之首、闻名遐迩的千年学府<span lang="EN-US">--</span>花洲书院。书院正门前,一桥横跨城河两岸,桥上长虹卧波,桥下流水潺潺,平添了这座千年书院的古朴与雅致。</font></span></h3> <h3><span style="color: blue;"><font face="宋体" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;(花洲书院全景)</font></span></h3><span style="color: blue;"><font face="宋体" size="3"></font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><font face="宋体" size="3"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><font face="宋体" size="3">入了书院正门,我们顺着一条蜿蜒的小路,登上了邓州古城墙。放眼望去,花洲书院尽收眼底,但见亭台楼榭错落有致,山湖洲林相映成趣,一派江南园林景色。</font></span><font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"></font></font></h3><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font face="宋体" size="3"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><font face="宋体" size="3">书院外的城墙上,古柏森然,春风阁、文昌阁掩映其间,鸟儿啾啾,花儿吐芳,环境幽静,让人有一种很想读书的感觉。女儿说:真是一个读书的好地方啊!</font></span></font></h3></span> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 11.25pt; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><font size="3"><font face="宋体">花洲书院始建于宋代庆历年间,由北宋著名政治家、军事家、文学家、教育家、思想家范仲淹任邓州知州期间所创建,书院内有讲学堂、春风堂、藏书楼等。他还在书院东侧重建百花洲、览秀亭,构筑了春风阁。花洲书院也因百花洲而得名。<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span></font></font></span><font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"></font></h3><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 11.25pt; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">范仲淹原系江苏吴县人,庆历四年<span lang="EN-US">(1044</span>年<span lang="EN-US">)</span>,由于其主持的“庆历新政”失败,悲愤之余,乃上书皇帝,自请守邓;次年,以给事中</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">、资政殿学士身份来到邓州任上。以堂堂副宰相之才智,治一邓州,范仲淹大显身手,他重教化,轻刑罚,废苛税,倡农桑。一年后,朝廷命他移守荆州,而邓州百姓因感其恩德,绵延数里,跪道挽留。范仲淹为民情所动,终不忍行,遂上书皇帝,恳请留邓,皇帝也只好特许。</span></font></font></h3> <h3><font color="#167efb">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (百花堂)</font></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><font face="宋体" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 据说,范仲淹公余之暇,喜爱饮酒揽胜或者讲学会友,“七里河边带月归,百花洲上啸生风”,“主人高歌客大醉,百花洲里夜忘归”,和朋友在一起,范仲淹一反平日刻板严肃模样,或击鼓高歌,或迎风长啸,颇有点放浪形骸。他还常于书院内执经讲学,为广大学子传道授业解惑。书院内,讲经者娓娓道来,听课者如沐春风。</font></span></h3> <font color="#333333">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 百花洲始建年代不可考,为古邓州著名的风景名胜区,范仲淹整修后,又几经圮废,重建的百花洲为清代苏州园林风格。湖岛将全湖划分为大小水面,洲东面为自然收放线的溪流,北端有石舫“香舟”,中段临水有扇亭“月到风来亭”。百花洲之南的赏石园以欣赏石栏、石景为主。赏石园北为五峰假山、五峰书斋和长廊、思范亭,别有洞天,形成一条完美的园林风景线。</font> <h3><font color="#167efb"> (百花洲一角)</font></h3> <span lang="EN-US"></span><span style="color: blue;">&nbsp; (春风阁)</span> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 11.25pt; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">花洲书院,是《岳阳楼记》</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">的诞生地。当初与范仲淹一同贬官的,还有其挚友腾子京。腾子京贬官岳阳后,重修了江南名楼<span lang="EN-US">---岳阳楼</span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">。新楼落成,腾子京遂派特使,千里迢迢寄信范仲淹,恳请其为岳阳楼作记。范仲淹接信后,也不推辞,开始对照岳阳楼文图,反复揣摩,酿酝文稿。</span></font></font><font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"></font></h3><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 11.25pt; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><font face="宋体" size="3">庆历六年<span lang="EN-US">(1046</span>年<span lang="EN-US">)</span>的九月十五这天,范仲淹端坐于花洲书院的春风堂,凭着手上仅有的《洞庭秋晚图》,挥笔写下《岳阳楼记》。而花洲书院也因了范仲淹,因了《岳阳楼记》,从此成为天下文人雅士凭吊景仰的一处文化圣地。</font></span></h3> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 11.25pt; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><font face="宋体" size="3">范文正公祠是北宋年间范仲淹离任邓州之后邓州人民为纪念范仲淹所建,也为清代建筑。房门上方悬挂二十八代孙范敬宜亲笔所题<span lang="EN-US">"</span>范文正公祠<span lang="EN-US">"</span>匾额。</font></span><font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"></font></h3><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 11.25pt; line-height: 18pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><font face="宋体" size="3">书院建筑是花洲书院内主体,为五进四院,中院有全国少有的小巧精致的泮池、状元桥,成为书院一大特色。书院西侧并列为二进一院的范公祠。范公祠北为新建四进三院的名人馆,中院有古三眼井<span lang="EN-US">--</span>范公井,整个建筑风格为清代北方建筑。</font></span></h3> <h3><font color="#167efb">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (花洲大讲堂)</font></h3> <font color="#333333">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 北宋治平四年<span lang="EN-US">1067</span>年,著名文学家、书法家黄庭坚任叶县尉,曾到花洲书院瞻仰范公遗迹。作诗云<span lang="EN-US">:"</span>范公种竹水边亭,漂泊来游一客星。神理不应从此尽,百年草树至今青。<span lang="EN-US">"(</span>《山谷诗注<span lang="EN-US">·</span>百花洲杂题》<span lang="EN-US">)</span></font> <span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><font face="宋体" size="3"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><font size="3">游罢花洲书院,我也感慨颇多:范仲淹一生虽被贬多次,可谓几上几下,但一心为了国家兴盛的志向不改,敢进忠言,不畏权势,即使到了最不得志的时候,依然忧国忧民,“</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">不以物喜,不以己悲</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><font size="3">;</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">居庙堂之高则忧其民,处江湖之远则忧其君</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><font size="3">”</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><font size="3">不抱怨,做实事,用自己的毕生追求,</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">实践了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">"</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><font size="3">千古绝唱。他走过的地方,千百年来,留下的是不灭的记忆。人们怀念他,人们敬仰他,也留下了千古传唱的好诗句。</font></span></font></font></span></span><font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"></font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000" face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><font color="#000000" size="3"></font></span></font></span><br></h3><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000" face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><font color="#000000" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 摄影</font>:田园牧歌</font></span></font></span></h3><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000" face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 撰文 :田园牧歌</span></font></span></h3><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000" face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"> 时间:2017年6月于河南邓州</span></font></span></h3>