什么是中国画的艺术风格(文:风子)

画家林亚兵(双木)

<h1><span style="white-space: normal; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">没错,所谓个性风格,或者说独特风格,就是不署名便知是哪位画家的手法笔迹,而不</span><span style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">是千篇一律,千人一面。风格说起来高深莫测,其实不难判断,这个风格就是辨识度,就象唱歌一样,一听声音便知是那位歌手唱的,这就是风格。</span></h1> <h1><span style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">书法和国画要入门都很容易,稍微临摹练习一段时间,谁都能来上几笔。但要达到风格独特就难了。</span><strong style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“逸笔草草”不是风格,习惯性动作不是风格,重复不是风格,脱离了国画的基本要素不是风格,符号化、标签化不是风格。</span></strong><span style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">特别是符号化、标签化,在当下的美术界很多人把它当成风格,“如画人物,你将脑袋画成没有额头的,我画的都是鼻孔朝天的;画山水,你来个无勾无皴、一路染到底,我来个钝笔圆点、凡线皆似蚯蚓……”,如此种种,</span><span style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">标签化的作品往往是这样一种情况:作品呈现的面貌未必是画家长期积累所形成的独特审美追求,而仅仅是为了引发市场的关注而制造的一种奇怪的、貌似个性的画面特征,以为这样就能增加自己的辨识度,这</span><span style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">实则恰恰意味着画家审美能力的枯竭。</span></h1> <h1><span style="white-space: normal; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">导致艺术创作标签化泛滥的原因有二:一是对中国画创作和传统继承的误读,有的画家把个人风格当成了“商标设计”,一辈子就重复一二种相同的表现样式,这其实不是艺术创作,仅仅是一名熟练工而已。二是作品被市场和金钱异化。当一种艺术表现方式受到先期市场认可后,因为作品好卖就被无限复制,从而形成了自己的标签样式。因此标签化的作品,其实只是商业产品,而非真正的艺术创造。</span></h1> <h1><span style="white-space: normal; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">所谓风格独特就是,在扎实的基本功基础上,或在技法上有创新,或在布局上别具一格,或在表现题材、审美趣味、审美内涵、审美特征等方面与众不同,拿专业术语来说,就是你的作品有专属于你的符号美学,创造出了有辨识度的新图式。比如齐白石的虾、徐悲鸿的马,陆俨少的云、黄胄的驴等等,或技法上的创新,如黄宾虹的皴、张大千的泼彩、李可染的墨团以及当代张仃的焦墨等等。</span></h1> <h1><span style="white-space: normal; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">中国国家画院副院长张江舟认为:“一位画家,一旦他的审美感觉、审美追求达到一定的高度,通常会形成审美的一贯性,画风也会趋于稳定,由此形成比较鲜明的个人风格,观众一眼就能辨认出他的作品。这是一个水到渠成的过程,和画家的个性特征、文化积累及人生阅历紧密相关。只有画家的个人修养达到某种高度后,才会形成自己非常突出的个人风格,代表了他的基本审美追求和判断。</span></h1> <h1><span style="white-space: normal; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">观古今大家风格的形成,无非三方面而来:</span></h1> <h1><strong style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">一种是从传统中变化而来。</span></strong><span style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">他们摹遍古代名画,深通画理,然后或在技法的某个点上有所变化、创新,或在表现题材、表现方法、表现内容方面形成自己的特色。如徐渭的大写意、八大的花鸟,吴昌硕的花鸟、黄宾虹的枯山。</span></h1> <h1><strong style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第二种是中西结合,融通中外变化而来。</span></strong><span style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">他们既深通国画的传统,也学习了西画的色彩、素描、油画等技法,对造型、色彩等有了新的理解,并把它融入到中国画创作,比如岭南画派就融合了东洋、西洋画法,注重造型,色彩鲜艳。</span></h1> <h1><span style="white-space: normal; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">现当代大多数有名的画家,走的都是这条中西融合的路子,包括李可染、关山月、钱松岩等这一批画家。特别是人物画,多是结合了素描线条的手法。</span></h1> <h1><strong style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第三种是以西为主,</span></strong><span style="white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; font-size: 15px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">用西画光影、素描、色彩来改造中国画。现在学院派国画家走的多是这条路子,国画中油画、素描的影响极大,追求视觉冲击力和画面的肌理感;当代也有画家抛弃笔墨,把笔墨当作纯粹的工具,用西方当代艺术的观念来画“中国画”,走“当代水墨”“新水墨”“实验水墨”的路子。用西画改造中国画最成功的,如吴冠中和林风眠。</span></h1> <h1><span style="white-space: normal; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">中国画创作要形成自己的个性风格。一是要有扎实的传统中国画基础,多临摹古代名画,掌握国画的基本技法。二是要多学习中国传统文化,理解中国画的画理,不通画理无以谈中国画。三是可以学习素描、油画、水彩等西画,吸收西画中一些营养。四是要有想法,这个就比较难了,跟你的学识、思想意境、悟性、审美价值观等有关。五是要从古人或前人的套路中走出来,创造新的审美图式,这个更难,需要经过时间的检验,个性风格不是自己说了算,而是时间说了算。</span></h1> <h1><span style="white-space: normal; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px; text-align: justify; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">现在很多画山水的学黄宾虹,包括一些“名家”,大学里教的也是这个,其实这根本没有意义,你学得再象也无法超越黄宾虹。有的则学自己导师的风格,我认为这也是没有前途的,风格是学不来的,是靠自己的长期的实践创造而来的,自己创造出来的还不算,还要经得起历史和时间的检验。</span></h1>