天津海河海鸥百态集

秉哥

<h3>2月23日上午9点从解放桥河边开始一直往西走路过大沽桥、北安桥、进步桥、狮子林桥到达金刚桥。一路走来看到海河之上盘旋、飞翔着几百只海鸥,有的戏水、有的觅食、有的飞翔盘旋、有的俯冲下来扑捉小鱼,还有的群殴争夺美味,带着相机来到金刚桥下扑捉瞬间!各异的海鸥千姿百态,真是美的享受,尽管几个小时的辛苦、也是值得的,记录了很多有趣的画面!</h3> <p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">广义的海鸥是鸥科53余种海鸟的总称。有7属53种。分布遍及全球。体型较大,喙端具钩,尾常为圆形。常浮于水面,但不能潜水。中国有4属19种。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">体粗壮、脚具蹼的海鸟。在北半球繁殖的种类最多,从温带至北极地区约有30种。在内陆营巢的种类,冬季亦常到沿海。成鸟大多为灰或白色,头部有各异的斑点。繁殖期头部或纯白,或全黑、全灰或全褐;冬季头部出现条纹或不清晰的斑点。喙坚硬,略呈钩状,有些种还具一个色斑。喙和腿的颜色及翅型是分类的根据。</h3><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;">鸥以海滨昆虫、软体动物、甲壳类以及耕地里的蠕虫和蛴螬为食;也捕食岸边小鱼,拾取岸边及船上丢弃的剩饭残羹。有些大型鸥类掠食其他鸟(包括其同类)的卵和幼雏。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</h3> <div class="para" label-module="para" style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">一般认为鸥可分为几个属,但许多学者视之为一个大属︰<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%B8%A5%E5%B1%9E" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">鸥属</a>(Larus)。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%BB%91%E5%A4%B4%E9%B8%A5" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">黑头鸥</a>(L. ridibundus)头暗色,腿深红色,繁殖于欧亚和冰岛,向南到印度和菲律宾越冬;通常在田野里寻食,主要食物是昆虫。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">北美洲的小黑头鸥(L. philadelphia,博纳帕特氏鸥)头和喙黑色,翕灰色,腿粉红至红色。于树上营巢,捕食水塘的昆虫;冬季仍能跳入海中捕鱼。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">北美的加利福尼亚鸥(L. californicus)于内陆繁殖,到太平洋海滨越冬;据说曾拯救了盐湖城区早期的摩门居民的庄稼,使之免遭摩门蟋蟀(一种长角蝗虫)的破坏,因此成为犹他州的州鸟。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">富兰克林氏鸥(L. pipixcan)大群繁殖于北美内陆沼泽地,越冬于南美洲太平洋沿岸。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">北方海洋的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9E%81%E5%8C%97%E9%B8%A5" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">极北鸥</a>(L. hyperboreus)身体大部分呈白色,脚淡粉红色,嘴黄色具一红斑;有时向南至夏威夷和地中海越冬。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%A7%E9%BB%91%E8%83%8C%E9%B8%A5" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">大黑背鸥</a>(L. marinus)翼展1.6公尺(63吋),是最大的鸥;几乎周极分布,但不见于拉布拉多和日本之间。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%93%B6%E9%B8%A5" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">银鸥</a>(L. argentatus)分布北半球,是最普通的大西洋鸥类,翕灰色,腿和脚呈肉色,翅尖具黑色和白色斑点;为腐食性,以沿海水中的垃圾和污物为食。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%BB%91%E8%83%8C%E9%B8%A5" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">黑背鸥</a>(L. dominicanus)广泛分布于南半球(包括南极),背黑色。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%AC%91%E9%B8%A5" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">笑鸥</a>(L. atricilla)中等体型,头黑色,喙和脚红色,常发出刺耳的似笑一般的鸣声,繁殖自缅因州到南美北部,向南到巴西越冬,虽是海滨种,但常深入内陆淡水区;笑鸥是既在加勒比海又在北大西洋繁殖的特有鸥类。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%B0%8F%E9%B8%A5" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">小鸥</a>(L. minutus)分布于欧洲,偶见于北美,头黑色,翼展约60公分(24吋),是最小的鸥。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E9%B8%A5" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">太平洋鸥</a>(L. pacificus)繁殖于塔斯马尼亚和澳大利亚南部一带。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%8E%AF%E5%98%B4%E9%B8%A5" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">环嘴鸥</a>(L. delawarensis)是北美内陆湖泊的常见种,常集成大群在耕地上觅食。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">西印度洋的<a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%81%B0%E9%B8%A5" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">灰鸥</a>(L. hemprichi)头顶暗褐色,翕淡灰褐色。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%8F%E9%B8%A5" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">罗斯氏鸥</a>(Rhodostethia rosea)白色微带粉红,美观优雅,繁殖于西伯利亚北部,活动范围可远至北冰洋。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%90%A8%E5%AE%BE%E6%B0%8F%E9%B8%A5" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">萨宾氏鸥</a>(Xema sabini)在北极极多,尾叉形,像鹬那样跑步啄食。</div><div class="para" label-module="para" style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-bottom: 15px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 24px; zoom: 1; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><a target="_blank" href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%87%95%E5%B0%BE%E9%B8%A5" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194);">燕尾鸥</a>(Creagrus furcatus)见于加拉帕戈斯(Galapagos)群岛,是有深叉形尾的特有鸥类。</div><div class="anchor-list" style="white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); position: relative; caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><a name="5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="sub18940982_5" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a><a name="繁殖方式" class="lemma-anchor " style="color: rgb(19, 110, 194); position: absolute; top: -50px;"></a></div><h3><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></h3>