<h1><b>浅谈碳五(戊烷)在采油厂供热中的应用</b></h1><h3> 作者：王贤能</h3><h1><b> ［摘要：分布式混空轻制气系统在烃谷能源站中的建设应用，取得成功，由国家命名的第四代城市燃气-混空轻烃燃气， 2011年《混空轻烃燃气》（CJ/T341-2010）、2014年《稳定轻烃》（GB9053-2013）的国家标准正式实施，促进了本行业的技术进步和市场发展。］</b></h1><h1> 2018年12月4日中朗烃谷能源科技(湖北)有限公司建设的中国石化江苏油田安徽采油厂 “烃谷能源站”点火成功，正式试运行。运行至今，符合全部工况，在环保、安全、技术、节能、省钱诸方面的表现优异，持续可运行。现将有关应用效果总结如下：</h1><h1><b> 一、油田采油机工作原理</b></h1><h1> 油田采油机，又称：抽油机、挖油机，都是由驴头、游梁以及支架与曲柄相结合的，组装好了以后，即可自动工作了，职能就是把石油从地下抽出来。把地下深处的原油连水一起抽上来，然后再由内井泵与排油配合，把石油吸出来，又通过活塞运动，让石油达到地面，然后通过油水分离技术，石油和水分开，把石油存入储油罐。</h1><h1><b> 二、原油输送问题</b></h1><h1> 原油具有一定的黏性，尤其是当温度较低的时候，存储在储油罐的原油不容易直接输出，必须进行一定的加热，将原油升温至30℃-60℃，才能通过管道输送至炼油厂。采油厂在天长县境内，一年常温最高38度，最低达零下15度 ，特别是在10月至次年5月的8个月时间内石油不能正常输送，需要加温后才能输送。</h1><h1><b> 三、采油厂的工况</b></h1><h1> 采油厂有80个抽油机器在工作，每天产油300多吨，要从采油厂输运至20公里外的原油冶炼厂进行加工，这就有个原油输送问题：只有将冷凝水温度保持在80至100℃，把原油升温至30℃-60℃，才能通过管道输送至炼油厂。中朗烃谷公司因应采油厂的需求，我们在采油厂建设了 “烃谷子能源站”一座，现场制作“戊烷”，燃烧给锅炉加热，使用“盘管整罐加热法”使原油温度保持在30至60度，然后输送至炼油厂，这具有较好的节约能源，加热效率高的特点。</h1><h1><b> 四、戊烷的获得</b></h1><h1> 1.戊烷可由天然气或石油催化裂解、热分解过程中获得。由于精制程度不同，常含有C5烃的异构体、甲基环戊烷等沸点相近的烃类以及不饱和化合物、水分、含硫化合物等杂质。精制时，不饱和化合物用硫酸洗涤除去，可用氯化钙、无水硫酸钠、五氧化二磷或金属钠等脱水剂脱水，再进行蒸馏，也可用分子筛脱水。</h1><h1> 2.由顺丁烯二酸酐加氢，或由呋喃在镍催化剂存在下氢化制得。</h1><h1> 3.以抽提C5为原料，经加氢后精馏分离，可得到正戊烷。或者以天然气凝析油为原料，经精馏分离可得到正戊烷。还可以以正戊醇为原料，经脱水、加氢、精馏制得正戊烷。</h1><h1> 4.以工业品正戊烷为原料，先用浓硫酸洗涤至酸层无色，然后用0.02mol/L高锰酸钾的10%硫酸溶液洗涤至烯烃含量合格。再依次用0.02mol/L高锰酸钾的10%氢氧化钠水溶液、水洗涤，然后用无水氯化钙干燥，过滤后蒸馏，收集中间馏分，即为纯品。</h1><h1> 5.通过2-戊醇和3-戊醇再氢化制得，亦可由2-溴戊烷通过Grignard反应制得。</h1><h1><b> 五、戊烷的利用</b></h1><h1> 中朗烃谷与中国科学院联合研制的“分布式混空轻烃制气系统”(发明专利号：201811153396.8)，成功制造了“AI防爆(节能)型轻烃燃料制气装置”，对轻烃制气技术原理实现了重大突破，安全性 、环境保护达到了全新高度，处于轻烃制气行业技术领先水平。</h1><h1><b> 烃谷能源站V5.0:</b>由主机（AI防爆(节能)型轻烃燃料制气装置）、轻烃储备罐、储备罐至主机之间输油管线、主机至燃烧炉之间输气管线、地槽土建、主机房建筑、消防设施、避雷安全设施、远程监控设施、配电及用电设施、排给水设施、通讯设施、防静电设施等13个单元组成。</h1><h1><b> 设计环节确立了安全优先思维</b>：防爆功能预设+双回路控制系统预设。</h1><h1><b> 依戊烷特性，顺势而为，制造出最先进的戊烷制气装置</b>：制气压力和输气压力远低于天然气、煤气、液化气。天然气的制/输压力值为0.32MPa，是戊烷的九倍多 。从液态的稳定制取到使用，达到国家标准。戊烷燃烧无残液、无残渣，无色无味无毒，没有二次污染，完全符合国家环保要求。</h1><h1><b> 六、“戊烷”应用解决的是钢性需求</b></h1><h1> (1)实现了“煤改气”：环保达到国家标准指标与要求；</h1><h1> (2)解决了远离天然气管网地区的企业使用能源的需求；</h1><h1> (3)满足了需要连续使用、大量消耗能源的需求；</h1><h1> (4)兼顾了节能、省钱问题！</h1><h1><b> 七、 几点感想</b></h1><h1> “烃谷能源站” 在环保、安全、技术、节能诸方面的优异表现，为中朗烃谷未来发展奠定了坚实的基础:一是我们的经验和教训的结晶；二是用我们智慧来解决困难、困惑的集结地；三是投资式、效益式、经济式、影响式的完美结合；四是发明专利“分布式混空轻烃制气系统”技术从实验室走向战场的实际载体，是具有革命性的产物，为中国“煤改气”及蓝天保卫战作出贡献！</h1><h3>参考文献</h3><h1>作者:邮箱3300306251@qq.com,</h1><h1>电话：13907131914</h1><h1> 2019年01月09日武汉</h1><h3> </h3> <h1><b> 八.戊烷的应用优势</b></h1><h1> 由中国科学院与中朗烃谷联合研发出的“分布式混空轻烃制气系统”获得国家知识产权局发明专利技术独家所有的认定，一致认为在戊烷油气化技术方面达到国际先进水平。</h1><h1> 戊烷是石油、天然气等领域的副产品，多为液态，以前被作为溶剂、发泡剂、麻醉剂使用，例如泡沫餐盒等。而“布式混空轻烃制气系统”技术，突破戊烷在能源领域的应用现状，将戊烷气化后与空气混合成为可燃气体，从而将戊烷转化成一种燃料。</h1><h1> 戊烷与空气形成的混合可燃气体在燃烧过程没有有害碳排放，排放出来的大部分是水蒸气，同比煤、天然气等具有减排、环保的优势。同时，戊烷混合气燃烧的热效率高、燃烧效果好，能达到摄氏2800度以上，而且温度可控，是非常理想的环保能源。</h1><h1> 第五代戊烷制气站已完成多座站的建设应用，效果极好！</h1> <h1><b>Application of carbon penta (pentane) in heat supply in oil production plant</b></h1><h1> Author: wang xianeng</h1><h1>Mixed empty light gasification system [abstract: the distributed energy station construction application in the valley of hydrocarbon, successful, named by the state of the fourth generation of city gas - mix empty light hydrocarbon gas, 2011 "mix empty light hydrocarbon gas" (CJ/T341-2010), in 2014 the stability qingting (GB9053-2013) national standards effect, promote the technical progress and market development of the industry.]</h1><h1>On December 4, 2018, the "hydrocarbon valley energy station" in anhui oil production plant of jiangsu oilfield of sinopec, built by jirang hydrocarbon valley energy technology (hubei) co., ltd. was successfully ignited and officially put into trial operation. Up to now, it has been running in line with all working conditions, with excellent performance in environmental protection, safety, technology, energy saving and money saving, and can be operated continuously. The relevant application effects are summarized as follows:</h1><h1>I. working principle of oil field oil recovery machine</h1><h1>Oilfield oil extractor, also known as: pumping unit, oil digger, are made of donkey head, beam and bracket and crank combined, assembled, can work automatically, the function is to extract oil from the ground. The crude oil in the deep underground is pumped together with water, and then the well pump is combined with the oil discharge to suck the oil out, and then the oil reaches the ground through the piston movement, and then the oil and water are separated through the oil-water separation technology, and the oil is stored in the storage tank.</h1><h1>Ii. Crude oil transportation</h1><h1>Has a certain viscosity of crude oil, especially when the temperature is low, is stored in the storage tanks of crude oil is not easy to directly output, must carry out certain heating, oil heating up to 30 ℃ to 60 ℃, can through the tubes to refineries. The oil production plant is located in tianchang county, where the annual room temperature is as high as 38 degrees Celsius and as low as minus 15 degrees Celsius. In particular, the oil cannot be delivered normally during the 8-month period from October to the next may, and it can only be delivered after heating.</h1><h1>Iii. Working conditions of the oil production plant</h1><h1>Production plant has 80 pumping unit in the work and produce more than 300 tons of oil every day, from production to transport to 20 km smelters to carry on the processing of crude oil, there is a crude oil transportation problem: only keep condensate temperature in the 80-100 ℃, the crude oil to heat up to 30 ℃ to 60 ℃, can through pipes to refineries. Lang hydrocarbon in the valley of the company to meet the needs of a production plant in our production plant is built a "hydrocarbon millet energy station", the "pentane, combustion heat boiler, using" coil whole pot heating method "to keep oil temperature in 30 to 60 degrees, and then transported to the refineries, it has better energy saving, the characteristics of high heat efficiency.</h1><h1>Acquisition of pentane</h1><h1>1. Pentane can be obtained by catalytic cracking and thermal decomposition of natural gas or oil. Due to the different degree of refining, often contains C5 hydrocarbon isomer, methylcyclopentane and other similar boiling point hydrocarbons and unsaturated compounds, water, sulfur compounds and other impurities. When refining, unsaturated compounds with sulfuric acid washing remove, available calcium chloride, anhydrous sodium sulfate, phosphorus pentoxide or sodium metal dehydrating agent dehydration, then distillation, also available molecular sieve dehydration.</h1><h1>2. Hydrogenation of maleic anhydride or hydrogenation of furan in the presence of nickel catalyst.</h1><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><br></h3> <h1>2. Hydrogenation of maleic anhydride or hydrogenation of furan in the presence of nickel catalyst.</h1><h1>3. N-pentane can be obtained by extraction of C5 as raw material, hydrogenation and distillation separation. Or n - pentane can be obtained from NGL by distillation separation. Pentane can also be prepared from n-pentanol by dehydration, hydrogenation and distillation.</h1><h1>4. Industrial n-pentane was used as raw material to wash it with concentrated sulfuric acid until the acid layer was colorless, and then wash it with 10% sulfuric acid solution of 0.02mol/L potassium permanganate until the olefin content was qualified. Then successively with 0.02mol/L potassium permanganate 10% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, water washing, and then anhydrous calcium chloride drying, filtration after distillation, collection of middle fraction, that is pure.</h1><h1>5. It can be prepared by rehydrogenation of 2-pentanol and 3-pentanol, or by Grignard reaction of 2-bromopentane.</h1><h1>V. utilization of pentane</h1><h1>Lang hydrocarbon in the valley and the joint development of the Chinese academy of sciences "distributed mix air light hydrocarbon gasification system" (invention patent no. : 201811153396.8), successfully created "AI explosion-proof type (energy saving) light hydrocarbon fuel gasification device", achieved a major breakthrough in the theory of light hydrocarbon gasification technology, security, environmental protection to a new height, in the light hydrocarbon gasification technology industry leading level.</h1><h1>Hydrocarbon valley energy station V5.0: by the host (AI explosion-proof type (energy saving) light hydrocarbon fuel gasification device), light hydrocarbon reserve tank, storage tank and pipeline between the host, the host, geosyncline between furnace gas pipeline civil engineering, computer room construction, fire control facilities, lightning safety, remote monitoring, power distribution and electricity facilities, water supply facilities, communication facilities, anti-static facilities 13 units.</h1><h1>Safety priority thinking is established in the design process: explosion-proof function preset + dual-loop control system preset.</h1><h1>According to the characteristics of pentane, we make the most advanced pentane gas production equipment: the pressure of gas production and gas transmission is much lower than that of natural gas, gas and liquefied gas. The production/delivery pressure of natural gas is 0.32MPa, more than nine times that of pentane. From the stability of liquid production to use, up to national standards. Pentane combustion without residual liquid, no residue, colorless tasteless non-toxic, no secondary pollution, fully in line with the national environmental protection requirements.</h1><h1>Vi. Pentane application solves the steel demand</h1><h1>(1) "coal to gas" has been achieved: the environmental protection has reached the national standards and requirements;</h1><h1>(2) solve the energy demand of enterprises far away from the natural gas pipeline network;</h1><h1>(3) meet the needs of continuous use and large consumption of energy;</h1><h1>(4) energy saving and money saving!</h1><h1>Seven, several impressions</h1><h1>The excellent performance of "hydrocarbon valley energy station" in environmental protection, safety, technology and energy conservation has laid a solid foundation for the future development of zhonglang hydrocarbon valley. The second is to use our wisdom to solve the difficulties, confusion of the gathering place; The perfect combination of investment type, benefit type, economic type and influence type; Fourth, the invention patent "distributed mixed air light hydrocarbon gas system" technology from the laboratory to the actual carrier of the battlefield, is a revolutionary product, for China's "coal to gas" and contribute to the blue sky defense!</h1>